1 . Rethinking Obesity(肥胖症)
In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades.
One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods.
The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high.
The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake.
This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat.
Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking.
| A．Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up. |
| B．In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat. |
| C．It is important to control the amount of food consumed by us. |
| D．Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide. |
| E．Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself. |
| F．Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢). |
| G．This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body. |
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults．The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases．
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development．He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often, which has a high sugar, fat and salt content．He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities．They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot．
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious diseases．
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries．The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits, vegetables and increase physical activity．The WHO says these actions are especially important for children．
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible．More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help．In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt．"Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy．The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries．" he adds．
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
| A．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly． |
| B．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much． |
| C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled． |
| D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly． |
| A．school education |
| B．transportation |
| C．physical condition |
| D．lifestyles |
| A．cure |
| B．cause |
| C．worsen |
| D．prevent |
| A．babies breastfed aren’t likely to become overweight |
| B．food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children |
| C．governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity |
| D．the number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries |
