| A．She will attend the concert. | B．She missed the radio news. | C．The man should buy tickets. |
2 . Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).“The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first hand, second hand and now third hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat.
1. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?| A．They contain little nicotine. |
| B．They produce no nicotine five days later. |
| C．They give off nicotine for days. |
| D．They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes. |
| A．First-hand smoking does most harm. |
| B．The findings are within his expectation. |
| C．Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors. |
| D．Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored. |
| A．Unclear. |
| B．Disapproving. |
| C．Unconcerned. |
| D．Puzzled. |
| A．Used cigarette ends release harmful chemicals |
| B．Cigarettes are less harmful while being smoked |
| C．People pay more attention to the health influence of the used cigarette ends. |
| D．Cigarette ends produce less chemicals in the heat |
3 . The two-year Master’s program Computational Linguistics is a research-oriented program. It is designed to provide more in-depth skills in specialized subjects building on the contents of a B. Sc. in Natural Language Processing or a related field. The program is characterized by an emphasis on team work, laboratory work and research skills.
Which interests and skills should I have?
The M. Sc. Computational Linguistics is ideal for students with a background in Computer Science and Linguistics who want to study in an interdisciplinary, innovative environment.
Which areas of specialization are there?
Students can focus on one of the following areas by choosing specific elective courses: Core Computational Linguistics, Applied Natural Language Processing, Speech Processing, Computer Science.
What job prospects are available to me after graduation?
With an M. Sc. in Computational Linguistics, students are prepared for advanced academic or industrial research and development in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing, or for working in companies involved with speech and language technologies.
Typical fields of work include speech processing, automatic generation and analysis of texts, machine translation, electronic dictionaries, search technology, (social) media monitoring, or dialogue systems. Students with an M. Sc. in Computational Linguistics from Stuttgart work in renowned organizations not only in Germany, but also all over the world.
What opportunities does my study program offer?
In the 3rd semester, students can study abroad and use the credit points for their M. Sc. Computation Linguistics. Various partner institutions offer interesting courses in the CL field.
What opportunities does the University of Stuttgart has to offer?
Are you interested in going on exchange for a semester or two? Or would you rather do some research or attend a language course? Have you ever thought of joining a Summer School or planned an internship abroad? Whatever you have in mind for your exchange, the International Office will help you make your stay abroad an unforgettable experience. The first step will be to sign up online for our information sessions at the International Office that are offered on a regular basis. We look forward to your registration!
1. According to the passage, the two-year Master’s program Computational Linguistics ________.| A．attaches great importance to research skills |
| B．gives students a guarantee of working abroad |
| C．asks students to focus on more specialized areas |
| D．requires no basic knowledge of computer science |
| A．do some related research | B．attend a language course |
| C．register online for meetings | D．get the required credit points |
| A．A college website. | B．A popular magazine. |
| C．An academic journal. | D．A science newspaper. |
| A．It is fast. | B．It is cheap. | C．It is convenient. |
Are your children getting on your last nerve? Did a coworker's comment rub you the wrong way? There's no need to plug the steam coming out of your ears. In fact, science now gives you full permission to release those emotions; you might actually be happier for it. If that seems counter—intuitive(违反直觉的), hear us out. A new study suggests that people tend to be happier if they can feel and express emotions as they want. That goes for unpleasant emotions like anger and hatred, too.
An international team of researchers recruited 2,300 university students from the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Poland, and Singapore. They then asked the participants to tell them which emotions they desired and which ones they actually felt, and then compared those responses to how the participants rated their overall happiness or life satisfaction.
The results showed an interesting trend. While participants wanted to experience more pleasant emotions, they reported higher life satisfaction if the emotions they experienced matched those they desired. More surprising still, 11 percent of people wanted to feel less of positive emotions, such as love and empathy, and 10 percent of people wanted to feel more negative emotions, such as hatred and anger.
At first glance, these result might seem confusing. But there's a simple explanation, according to the study's authors. Happiness is "more than simply feeling pleasure and avoiding pain," they write. It is also learning to release negative emotions when you feel them, instead of ignoring them or bottling them up.
"If you feel emotions you want to feel, even if they're unpleasant, then you're better off," lead researcher Dr Maya Tamir from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem told the BBC News website. 71
6 . Since Tesla founder Elon Musk published his White Paper On The Fifth Mode of Transportation in 2013, the concept of “Hyperloop” has caught the imaginations of engineers and investors across the world. Simply put, it is just an idea that vehicles filled with passengers or goods are sent through a nearly airless pipe at airliner-speeds of up to 1,223 kilometers per hour.
Critics(批评者) say Hyperloop may only amounts to a pipe dream that would be technically and financially impossible to achieve.
They argue that there are too many safety questions that need to be answered. What if the airless tube breaks? What if the train somehow crashes through the tube? What if earthquakes occur? Such events will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be engineered into the system, especially when a vehicle runs at such high speeds in a hundreds-of-miles-long airless tube.
Turning will also be extremely difficult for the high-speed hyperloop. They say that a hyperloop vehicle would need approximately 10 kilometers for a 90-degree turn at 965 kilometers per hour. This may determine how useful the hyperloop can be.
It's still unclear how much it would cost to build a hyperloop, but surely it would be in the billions of dollars. Financial documents leaked from Virgin Hyperloop in 2016 suggested its Hyperloop One would cost between $ 135 million and $ 193 million per kilometer ---significantly more than high-speed rail. Even with public funding, the ticket prices will be unacceptably high for passengers.
Last week, Virgin Hyperloop, one of the leading companies devoted to realizing Elon Musk's pipe dream, announced that for the first time it has conducted a test of its Hyperloop One with human passengers and set a new speed record; 386 kilometers per hour. It is aiming to hit 643 kilometers per hour for the next run.
“Hyperloop One wouldn't have existed unless we put it here. It is going to be that spot where the public can look and say, ‘that was a really big idea,’” said Giegel, co-founder of Virgin Hyperloop, “’but they came, they did it, and they made it a reality.’”
1. What can we know about “Hyperloop”?| A．It is a high-speed car designed by Elon Musk's Tesla. |
| B．It is a new idea for the next generation transportation. |
| C．It is a passenger train running in an airless pipe at high speed. |
| D．It is a spaceship running at a speed of 1,223 kilometers per hour. |
| A．Its safety. | B．Its speed. |
| C．Its low building costs. | D．Its cheap ticket prices. |
| A．386 kilometers per hour. | B．643 kilometers per hour. |
| C．965 kilometers per hour. | D．1, 223 kilometers per hour. |
| A．Human passengers on Hyperloop One | B．The ordinary people. |
| C．Virgin Hyperloop founders and engineers. | D．Visitors at Virgin Hyperloop. |
1. Who is Ashley Bryan?
| A．A poet. | B．An artist. | C．A famous sailor. |
| A．Forty years old. | B．Sixty-five years old. | C．Ninety-two years old. |
| A．Upset. | B．Happy. | C．Tired. |
| A．Upset. | B．Happy. | C．Tired. |
10 . High school graduations are one of the most important time in a teenager’s life. Four years of hard work, friendships, and dreams for the future all end up in a shining moment that will be remembered long after the caps and gowns are collecting dust.
So imagine Daverius Peters’ dismay when on May 19, as he headed into the ceremony to receive his diploma, he was stopped at the door by the fashion police. Although his sneakers were expensive and popular, Peters learned they were in violation of the school’s dress code and he was forbidden entry.
It looked as if Peters was about to miss his chance to walk across the stage with his classmates. When the upset senior caught sight of a friendly face, he went looking for help. John Butler, a teacher at Hahnville High School, was on hand for the graduation as a parent, not a staff member, but once he learned Peters, dilemma, he accompanied the young man to the entry to see if he could change the gatekeeper’s mind.
“I was hoping that maybe she would let it go, but she insisted on not letting this young man in. This was the most important moment in his life, and I wasn’t going to let him miss it for anything.” Butler told The Post. Without missing a beat, Butler simply swapped his size-11 loafers for Peters’ size-9 athletic shoes. With seconds to spare, Peters made it inside the venue (会场) just as the doors closed and was able to keep his place in the graduation line.
Although his family was thrilled that Butler’s quick thinking kept a joyful celebration from turning into an ugly situation, Peters wasn’t surprised. “Mr. Butler is that type of person. At school, if you’re having a bad day, he’ll be the one to take you out of class, walk around the school and talk with you.” Peters told The Post.
1. What does the underlined word “dismay” mean in paragraph 2?| A．Curiosity. | B．Excitement. |
| C．Disappointment. | D．Anger. |
| A．To hand out diplomas to the graduates. |
| B．To prepare for the graduation ceremony. |
| C．To save Peters from missing the graduation. |
| D．To attend his child’s graduation ceremony. |
| A．He changed the gatekeeper^ mind. |
| B．He exchanged the shoes with Peters. |
| C．He accompanied Peters to the venue. |
| D．He bought Peters a new pair of shoes. |
| A．Kind and generous. | B．Thoughtful and strong-willed. |
| C．Faithful and responsible. | D．Respectful and knowledgeable. |
