2 . Look around on your next plane trip. The iPad is the new pacifier (安抚奶嘴） for babies and toddlers.School-aged children read stories on smartphones. Their parents read on Kindles or skim a long list of email and news feeds. An invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture:the neuronal circuit(神经元回路）that underlies(成为···的基础）the brain's ability to read is rapidly changing.Our important “deep reading" processes may be under threat as we move further into the new digital-based ways of reading.

We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like' it is with vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further,it will adapt to that environment's requirements. If the environment advantages the reading processes that are fast, multi-task oriented(以···为方向的） and well-suited for large amounts of information,like the current digital-based reading, so will the reading circuit. As a result, less attention and time will be allocated to slower,time-demanding deep reading processes.

Increasing reports from educators and researchers in psychology and the humanities bear this out. English literature scholar and teacher Mark Edmundson describes how many college students actively avoid the classic literature of the 19th and 20th centuries because they no longer have the patience to read longer, denser, more difficult texts. We should be less concerned with students' "cognitive impatience", however than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis enough to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts.

Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the “new norm" in reading is skimming. Many readers now use an F or Z pattern when reading in which they sample the first line and then word-spot through the rest of the text. When the reading brain skims like this, it doesn't have time to grasp complexity, to understand others' feelings, to be aware of beauty, and to create thoughts of the reader's own.

Karin Littau and Andrew Piper have noted another aspect: physicality. They stress that the sense of touch in print reading adds an important part to information - a kind of“geometry(几何结构）”to words, and a kind of spatial "'thereness" for text. As Piper notes, human beings need a knowledge of where they are in time and space that allows them to return to things and learn from re-examination-what he calls the “technology of recurrence (再现）＂.The importance of recurrence for both young and older readers involves the ability to go back,to check and evaluate one's understanding of a text. The question, then, is what happens to comprehension when our youth skim on a screen whose lack of spatial thereness discourages “looking back".

1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．What affects people's neuronal circuits.

B．Why deep reading is important to people.

C．Why people now prefer digital reading.

D．What will happen to our brain when we read.

2. What does the author want to stress about the college students?

A．Their lack of attentiveness.

B．Their lack of reading techniques.

C．Their inability to understand the complexity.

D．Their ignorance of various forms of literature.

3. According to Paragraph 4,the F or Z pattern

A．affects the way people skim

B．encourages people to read more

C．becomes popular among the youth

D．limits people's thinking development

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Reading physical books helps us comprehend a text better.

B．Techniques should be suited for different reading materials.

C．A reading space can help us be more attentive.

D．It is important to use all senses to learn.

3 . Studying in the United States opens up many opportunities for international students. One of the struggles many international students face when deciding where to study is the affordability of the city and the surrounding schools. Studying in the USA does not have to be expensive. Here are four affordable cities to study and live in.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Oklahoma City remains one of the more affordable cities to purchase a house with only 26.49 percent of resident's income being spent on living expenses. It is a great city for international students to study in. The cost of living is 15.5 percent below the national average. Check out The Language Company and Oklahoma State University for affordable options to learn English or degree programs.

Indianapolis, Indiana

Indianapolis is the capital of the state of Indiana in the Midwest. It's well known for the Indy 500 car race but also for its affordability. Residents spend only 25.24 percent of their income on living expenses. The cost of living is also 16.2 percent below the national average making it affordable for students. University options include the University of Indianapolis Marian University, and Butler University.

Salt Lake City, Utah

Salt Lake City and surrounding areas remain quite affordable with residents only spending 25.78 percent of their income on housing, utilities, and other house hold utilities. For outdoor adventurers, Utah is a great place for winter sports and hiking. Salt Lake City and the surrounding areas have affordable universities such as Utah State University, University of Utah, and Snow College.

Des Moines, Iowa

Des Moines has one of the lowest percentages of income spent on living expenses out of 100 largest metro areas in the USA. Residents spend 23. 8 percent of their household income on living expenses. In addition, the median rent ranges from $ 700 to $ 900 a month. With a booming economy, Des Moines is an ideal city for international students to study and experience American culture. Drake University is an option in Des Moines.

1. Why are the four places recommended to international students?

A．They have beautiful view.	B．They have famous universities.
C．They have famous professors.	D．They have low living expenses.

2. Which city has the lowest living expenses compared to their income?

A．Oklahoma.	B．Des Moines.
C．Salt Lake City.	D．Indianapolis.

3. If a student is fond of winter activities, which university is he likely to choose?

A．Drake University	B．Oklahoma State University
C．University of Utah	D．Butler University

4 . Try one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.

Mallorca

On the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.

Hawaii

People who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu.

California

California is one of the best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.

Philippine Islands

With diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.

1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?

A．Those who prefer peace of mind.

B．Those who like lying on the beach.

C．Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.

D．Those who want to experience farming.

2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?

A．Live in farmhouses.

B．Visit plantations.

C．Learn farming techniques.

D．Take part in a farm program.

3. What are the four places in the text famous for?

A．Locations.

B．Environments.

C．Local products.

D．Tourism features.

5 . Taste of Home Farmhouse Family Diners

Turn Sunday night meals into lifelong memories

By The Editors of Taste of Home

Published by Trusted Media Brands, Inc., Taste of Home

Few things bring families together like sharing a comforting homecooked meal. Creating those memories is easier, quicker and more rewarding than ever with Taste of Home Farmhouse Family Dinners.

This lovely keepsake cookbook features more than 200 recipes perfect for special nights around the dinner table. From Roasted Chicken and Savory Pot Roast to Hearty Potato Chowder and Five-Cheese Lasagna, the appeal of a homemade Sunday meal simply can't be beaten. You'll find all of these classic recipes and hundreds of others in' addition to a handy menu planner, table settings, time-saving tips and stories from families about their own Sunday dinners. Cherish the satisfaction of serving a meal you prepare yourself and create memories that last a lifetime.

SELLING POINTS:

● 200 + Recipes. From classic pot pies to crispy fried chicken, these are the mouthwatering foods that made Sunday dinners a piece of Americana. You'll find them within the pages of this beautiful book, as well as home-baked breads and biscuits, stick-to-your ribs sides and desserts that cap off any meal deliciously.

● Hundreds of Color Photos. Featuring the beautiful photography you've come to expect from Taste of Home, this truly is a book you'll hand down for generations to come.

●“Serve It With……”Suggestions. Planning a Sunday dinner is simple when you follow the suggested ideas in these special callouts. Prepare Mom's Meat Loaf on page 107，then see the “Serve It With……” suggestion, that recommends pairing it with Garlic Mashed Potatoes from page 228.

●Sunday-Dinner Stories. Read heartwarming, hilarious and thought-provoking stories from around the dinner table as shared by other home cooks.

$15 per electronic version for kindle on Amazon. 10% off for the first book when new users register.

$25 per hardcover on Amazon. 10% off for the first book when new users register.

1. You can refer to the book, if you want to________

A．clean the dining table	B．make some Chinese food
C．save cooking time	D．take some food photos

2. What can we know about the book's selling points?

A．It allows readers to write down their own stories.

B．It features more than 200 heartwarming family photos.

C．It can provide you 200 recipes to cook delicious biscuits.

D．It can provide suggestions to help readers match different dishes.

3. How much does it cost for a new user registering on Amazon to buy two hardcovers?

A．$47.5.

B．$45.

C．$27. 5.

D．$28. 5.

6 . Teen Volunteer Team at the New Rochelle Public Library（NRPL）

Who

Teens who want to (not because their parents are making them do it)!

Teens Entering 7^th-12^th grade.

Teens who are reliable, creative, flexible committed and motivated.

Teens who are team players.

What

There are lots of ways to volunteer at the library: from keeping the shelves neat to signing out toys and puppets, from shooting photo and video for the library at library programs and events to giving one-on-one computer and tech skill training to seniors, from improving library service to teens and developing a better collection of books for teens to planning for summer reading. The possibilities are See our complete “menu” of opportunities:

Adopt-a-Shelf（6 positions, 4 hrs/week）

Local History Volunteer Intern（1 or 2 positions, hours task-based）

Children’s Room Assistant（4 positions, 3-4 hrs/week, weekend hours only）

Teen Photo Video Team（5 positions, hours task-based）

Teen Advisory Group（open positions, hours vary）

Why

Besides helping others, volunteering at NRPL…

Teaches you job skills and values.

Enables you to associate with teens from other schools.

Is a real plus on your college applications.

Is an opportunity to give back to the community.

Is Fun.

How

Fill out an application. You can pick one up in person at the library, or find it online at www.nrpl.org, or at our Facebook page: facebook. com/nrplteens.

If your application is approved, we'll call you to set up an interview.

For More Info or to apply for a position: Ken Petrilli, Teen Services Librarian 813-3735.

1. Which one is fit for volunteering for NPRL?

A．Tim, a boy student from Grade Six

B．Jack, a devoted and trustworthy boy.

C．Lily, who likes working as an individual.

D．Mary, who is urged by her mum to volunteer.

2. What can a volunteer do for NRPL?

A．Sort out and straighten book.

B．Collect and recycle used books.

C．Teach young readers tech skills.

D．Order food for on-duty librarians.

3. What benefit can an NPRL volunteer get?

A．Awareness of the value of reading.

B．Chances to repay the community.

C．Admission into a teen’s association.

D．Recommendations in college applications.

8 . Mobile Loaves & Fishes

Mobile Loaves & Fishes (MLFY) is a social service organization that has been changing communities into a lifestyle of service with the homeless. Founded in 1998 in Austin, Texas, the organization provides services through three main programs.

Truck Ministry

Mobile Loaves & Fishes' food truck volunteers hit the streets 7 nights a week, 365 days a year to serve the homeless, delivering food, clothing, hygiene products and other life items. With the support of more than 19, 000 volunteers and over 5 million meals served, Mobile Loaves & Fishes is the largest prepared feeding program to the homeless and working poor in Austin, Texas.

Community First Village

Community First Village is a 51-acre master planned community that provides affordable, permanent housing and a supportive community for the disabled and homeless in Central Texas. Since 2005, this transformative residential program has been a part of Mobile Loaves & Fishes and has become the largest community-based model in the country lifting homeless men and women up off the streets into community and home.

Community Works

Mobile Loaves & Fishes developed the Community Works program at Community First Village. It provides job opportunities for the residents who are coming out of homelessness to earn an income. In addition, the program requests Mobile Loaves & Fishes volunteers to serve alongside and build enduring relationships with our friends as they develop new skills.

Opportunities for more volunteers

Thank you for your interest in Mobile Loaves & Fishes! We have a variety of volunteer opportunities. Please read the service requirements carefully before your application to fulfill service hours with MLF.

●Volunteer shifts are made available on a first-come, first-served basis.
●ALL volunteers under the age of 18 MUST be accompanied by an adult.
●All volunteers must wear specific clothing and shoes for that job.
●Volunteers must arrive on time or their shift will be rescheduled upon arrival.
1. What does Truck Ministry do with the homeless?

A．It removes them out of streets.	B．It offers them job opportunities.
C．It provides them a permanent house.	D．It delivers them more than a sandwich.

2. What do the residents of the Community Works do?

A．They become volunteers of MLF.	B．They are offered work to get money.
C．They prepare food for the program.	D．They build relationships with friends.

3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

A．To encourage donation.	B．To introduce the MLF.
C．To provide new services.	D．To advertise for more volunteers.

9 . Are you looking for a book for your little kids? If you’re, here are some good choices for you.

Sylvester and the Magic Pebble by William Steig

One rainy day, Sylvester finds a magic pebble (鹅卵石) that can make wishes come true. But when a lion frightens him on his way home, Sylvester makes a wish that brings unexpected results. He turns himself into a stone, and it seems all is lost. How Sylvester changes back and joins together with his loving family makes a story that is perfectly joyful.

Illustrated (为........画插 图) with William Steig’s colorful pictures, the book is loved by children everywhere.

Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey

In the story Blueberries for Sal, the little girl Sal and her mother go out to pick blueberries. At the same time, a baby bear and his mother are eating blueberries on the other side of Blueberiy Hill. The two young ones put their minds to eating and they end up with the wrong mother. Will each mother go home with the right little one?

Created by Robert McCloskey, this book uses a single dark blue color and block printing for the pictures. Sal and her mother are modeled after McCloskey’s daughter, Sally, and wife, Peggy.

The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein

“Once there was a tree ... and she loved a little boy.” This is how a moving and unforgettable story begins. It was written and illustrated by Shel Silverstein.

In his childhood, the boy enjoys playing with the tree, climbing her trunk (树干) and eating her apples ... and the tree is happy. But as the boy grows older, he begins to want more from the tree. He makes money from her apples and builds houses from her branches. And the tree gives and gives and gives ...

1. What happens to Sylvester in the book Sylvester and the Magic Pebble?

A．He is caught by a lion.	B．He finds a wrong family.
C．He is controlled by a magic stone.	D．He changes into a stone by accident.

2. What do we know about Blueberries for Sal?

A．It’s based on the writer’s family members.	B．The story may be preferred only by girls.
C．It’s loved by children around the world.	D．The main characters are four bears.

3. What is The Giving Tree mainly about?

A．A story about taking and giving.	B．A wise tree teaching a boy lessons.
C．A boy who grows to be a rich man.	D．Two friends who grow up together.