1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. present        B. features        C. concerned        D. reportedly        E. commercial             F. stretches       G. overwhelming H. exceptionally        I. routinely        J. spared             K. broadcasts

Modern media is awash in advertising clutter(杂乱), and who’s to blame? Modern audiences that hate conventional full-length and full-size ads.

Today’s consumers don’t like to pay for content, which ought to create a rich environment for advertisers. Yet these same consumers are prone to click or turn away when a conventional ad appears. The result is ad clutter.

YouTube     1    a combination of full-length ads, skippable ads, lower-screen banners and display ads on the page alongside each video. Newspapers that once considered the front page important now     2    run ads there.

Advertisers integrate plugs(推销) into content to frustrate digital video recorders, which allow viewers to watch programs on a delay and skip regular commercials. If you watch regional telecasts of baseball games, the commercial clutter is so     3    . Ads are visible on the stadium wall behind the home-plate umpire(裁判). On-screen graphics include sponsor logos. And everything is a paid plug--“This call to the coach’s zone is brought to you by Verizon.”

According to the showbiz paper Variety, several streaming services are about to introduce a new twist: commercials that start running whenever a viewer pauses a program. Hulu intends to launch such ads this year. AT&T’s DirecTV and U-verse units will     4    use similar technology to trigger full-motion commercials whenever a viewer tries to take a break.

There’s a lot at stake. According to Variety, National Football League(NFL) TV broadcasts generate an estimated $4.35 billion in ad revenue during the 17-week regular season. NFL     5    are now loaded with mini commercials that pop up when there is a brief pause in the action, often in “double boxes” that show a view of the field in one frame and a(n)    6    in the other.

Interestingly, with no “screen” to work with, radio is one medium that has tried for some time to buck the trend. Many commercial stations trade clutter for clusters--that is, a solid block of commercials running five minutes or more, followed by lengthy commercial-free     7    of time.

But wherever a screen is involved, or a printed page, ad clutter is     8    everywhere. Programmers and advertisers can’t really be expected to limit this; it’s a fact of business. Consumers, on the other hand, can opt for commercial-free content--if they’re willing to pay for it.

But getting limitless content without paying while also being     9    heavy advertising intrusions is impossible. As media environment is permanently cluttered, audiences should be     10    with what they wish for.

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. allowed        B. broadcast        C. checked            D. complaints          E. degrade F. entertain       G. fictional       H. figures       I. remote       J. series        K. unpleasant

Reality TV began in the early 1980s, when a Japanese television company made a programme, Endurance. Starting with thousands of contestants in the first show, the programme presenters made them do really difficult and     1     things in every episode(集). The presenters made fun of the contestants, too. Viewing     2     in Japan were enormous.

In another reality TV programme, Survivor, sixteen people are taken to a(n)     3     island and made to stay there for more than a month. They have to find their own food or go hungry. The producers let the contestants take one luxury item each. Every three days, one contestant must leave the island and the last person wins £1 million.

It's not just adults who take part in these shows. A television     4     in Britain in 2003, That'll teach 'em, took 30 teenagers and put them in a(n)     5     King's school, where they lived for one month and received 1950s-style tuition. The pupils were made to wear thick 1950s school uniforms (including a school hat) during the hot summer and they had to do a long run every day. "They made us have cold showers and we had to have our hands     6     every day to see if they were clean," says one pupil. "We couldn't take anything from our modern lives into the school." Although there was no prize money in this programme, the teenagers learned a lot from the experience.

In 2004, there was a programme in Britain where contestants were not     7     to sleep for seven days to try to win £ 97,000 prize money. The winner was 19-year-old Clare Southern. However, this programme had many     8     from viewers.

But where will it stop? Programmes like this are     9     all over the world. But there was people who think that these programmes     10     both the contestants and the viewers, and feel that contestants are often made to do dangerous things to make good television.