1 . While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala, researchers detected an ancient Maya site. “We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region” in this section of Guatemala, said Carlos Morales-Aguilar, one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.

The findings were the result of the survey using lidar (雷达), or light detection and ranging, which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites. In lidar, lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape. The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in maya site, as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy, the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.

The lidar data showed “for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically, and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere (西半球),” Carlos wrote in the study. Using data from the scans, the team identified more than 1,000 settlements dotting the region. They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot. They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids, along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.

So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place?

“For the Maya, the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’,” Ross Ensley wrote, partner of Carlos, a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston, Texas. “The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs. They provided a source for limestone, their primary building material, and dry land to live on. The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps (沼泽), which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.

Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.

1. Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey?

A．It detects a wide range of lasers.	B．It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C．It passes lights through forests easily.	D．It improves the visibility of rainforests.

2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Why Maya drew great attention.	B．How Maya people made a living.
C．The research process after surveying the Maya.	D．The findings through observing the Maya region.

3. What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley?

A．They transformed the land to survive.	B．They were good at upland agriculture.
C．They preferred to build houses using limestone.	D．They made a sound choice about where to settle.

4. Which is the best title for the text?

A．The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People

B．The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization

C．Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements

D．Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Over 1,000 bamboo slips were discovered in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, in 1975. The slips are     1     great value to the historical study of the politics and laws of the late Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty.

    2    (name) after the place where they were found, the Shuihudi bamboo slips were discovered by chance in 1975. They were the main media for     3    (write) in China before the widespread use of paper. A team of distinguished Chinese researchers     4    (send) by the government to the site.    5    total of 1,155 complete and 80 partial bamboo slips were found there. The owner of the slips is believed     6    (be) a Qin official Xi. Every record on the bamboo slips was written by Xi.

The     7    (record) can be divided into 10 chapters, the highlight of     8     introduces the “18 kinds of Qin laws”. The various kinds of statutes refer to agriculture, trade, currency, military, construction, engineering and handicrafts. Some of the laws featured in the text are very     9     (practice) even today. In addition to laws, the Shuihudi bamboo slips also help people learn the script—Qin clerical—that people used     10    (wide) at the time.

3 . Scientists have uncovered a fast-food eatery in the ancient Roman town of Pompeii. The remains help with the understanding of foods of Pompeii’s citizens.

About 80 such fast-food eateries have been found at Pompeii. But the latest find means this is the first time such a hot-food-drink eatery – known as a thermopolium – has been completely unearthed. Pompeii was destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Part of the fast-food counter was dug up in 2019 during work to shore up Pompeii’s ruins.

Since then, archaeologists (考古学家) have kept digging, uncovering a multi-sided-counter, with typical wide holes on its top, not unlike these for soup containers put into modern-day salad bars. The front of the counter included works of art showing ducks and chickens. The images brightened the eatery and also likely advertised food. Another image of a dog with a rope around its neck may remind people to keep pets tied up.

Early studies confirm “how the painted works represent, at least in part, the foods and drinks effectively sold inside”, said Valeria Amoretti, an anthropologist at Pompeii. Amoretti noted small pieces of duck bones were found in a food container. Remains of goats, pigs, and fish also were found. At the bottom of a wine container were remains of ground fava beans.

Massimo Osanna added, “We know what they were eating that day.” He was talking about the day of Pompeii destruction. The food remains are examples of “what’s popular with the common folk”. He added that wealthy Romans did not eat at such street-food businesses. Successful restaurant owners know that a good location is important for business. Osanna noted that right outside the eatery was a small square with a fountain. Another thermopolium was nearby.

1. What can we know about the fast-food eatery?

A．It was the only thermopolium at Pompeii.	B．It was dug up by accident at the beginning.
C．It once was one of the most popular eateries.	D．It was the first hot-food-drink eatery unearthed.

2. Why were there wide holes on the countertop?

A．They helped to beautify the countertop area.

B．The volcanic eruption damaged the counter.

C．They were used to hold containers for hot food.

D．Food could be stored for a longer time with them.

3. What did the painted images probably serve as according to Amoretti?

A．Menus.

B．Reminders.

C．Decorations.

D．Advertisements.

4. What do Osanna’s words imply?

A．The eatery reveals the local’s dining preference.

B．Ancient Romans liked eating at eateries.

C．Street-food business was rare in ancient Rome.

D．Food of Pompeii’s citizens was similar to today’s.