1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. resulting   B. repeatedly   C. relatively   D. unusual     E. difficult   F. fluent G. fed     H. mastered   I. planning     J. previously   K. convenient

How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began making     1     advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had     2     the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the     3     energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家) believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.

Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have     4     yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes — large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人). Creating an axe by     5     knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of     6    . Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sandstones, the researchers found     7     biological molecules (分子) that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once     8     by one or more hot springs.

Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a(n)     9     “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if     10     to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, since it is a transportable resource.

2 . Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. majorly 　　　　　B. represent 　　　　　C. particularly 　　　　　D. addressed AB. determinations 　 AC. clues 　　　　　　AD. intended　　　　　 BC. accessible BD. resemble 　　　 CD. immense 　　　 　ABC. imported

Archaeologists have long thought that stone ships served as graves for one or several individuals, and have even been viewed as death ships     1     to take the dead to living eternally. However, a new study conducted by researchers from the University of Gothenburg shows a different picture. It suggests Bronze Age stone monuments in the form of ships were built by sailors as a symbol of their practices at sea.

The study indicates that the stone ships and the activities that took place there point to people who were     2     focused on practices at sea. Details found within the stone structures show they were built to     3     real ships. The stone ships offer up     4     about the ship-building techniques of the time and about the ships that sailed on the Baltic Sea during the Bronze Age.

“These consist of areas that     5     hill forts and are located near easily     6     points in the landscape—that is, near well-known waterways leading inland,” Wehlin, head of the team, said. “While these areas have previously been thought to be much younger, recent age     7     have dated them to the Bronze Age.”

Archaeologists have believed that bronze was     8     to Scandinavia from the south, and recent analyses have helped confirm this notion. However, the people who distributed the bronze objects are rarely     9     in these thoughts.

“One reason why the meeting places of the Bronze Age are not discussed very often is that we haven’t been able to find them,” Wehlin said. “This is in     10     contrast to the trading places of the Viking Age, which have been easy to locate as they left behind such rich archaeological material.”