Yesang village is regarded as the birthplace of Tibetan woodblock art, a tradition that     1     (pass) down for more than 340 years.

The village,     2     (locate) in Polo township of Joda county in Tibet, has more than 60 woodblock artists. It lies in a remote valley far from the county’s downtown.     3     takes more than three hours of driving on the mountainous roads to get there, and the journey requires both     4     (drive) skill and courage.

Yesang is near a historical printing house of Tibetan Buddhism scriptures. More than 80 percent of the printing house’s woodblocks were produced in Yesang, according to     5    (villager).

“Three-hundred years ago, a great master called Kolha Lugye     6     (begin) the tradition of woodblock art in our village, after     7     the tradition has been passed on for generations. Therefore, our village has contributed     8    (great) to Tibetan cultural preservation,” said Tashi Tsephel, an instructor of the Woodblock art in Yesang.

Tsultrim Darje, another woodblock artist in the village, works     9     average of 11 hours a day. Each year, he works more than eight months on the woodblocks. “I earn about 40,000 yuan ($5,800) every year from working on the woodblocks,” Tsultrim Darje said.

“Every woodblock costs between 400 yuan and 800 yuan based     10     its quality, and I can finish four per month.”

When it comes to intangible cultural heritage, China currently has 38 items on the UNESCO list.     1    , none of them are food-related.

To make it on the list, a candidate must have deep cultural and social meaning, UNESCO said. This is something Chinese cuisine is rich     2    .

Many important dates in China     3     (mark) with food. The Spring Festival celebrations, for example, kick off with a bowl of “eight treasure” congee(腊八粥) on the eighth day of the 12^th lunar month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

Apart from its     4     (symbol) festive meaning, Chinese cuisine shows a unique theory of health.     5     the West has a food pyramid, the philosophy of yin and yang can be found in most Chinese dishes.

In addition to health     6     (concern), some Chinese dishes show great social functions. Take the “four dishes and one soup” idea     7     an example. According to legend, the notion     8     (origin) in the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang served a dinner of four dishes and one soup to officials to advise against extravagance.

Although each plate of Chinese food contains years of ancestral wisdom, sometimes it's beyond a     9     (foreign) understanding. In 2011, the China Cuisine Association made an application to put more than 30 Chinese foods and food preparation techniques on the UNESCO Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage items, but failed.

Now, the association is working on an     10     (improve) list of cuisine candidates to apply for UNESCO heritage status. And the result will be announced in November.

5 . Despite usually being associated with the Chinese, the Lunar New Year is also celebrated in other countries. Here are several places in America to celebrate the Lunar New Year.

New York City, which has one of the largest populations of ethnic（少数民族）Chinese people outside of Asia, is a great place to experience the Lunar New Year. There are around 10 different Chinatowns in New York City. Visitors will find parades, performances and foods in most of these areas but some of the festival characteristics are unique to the particular district.

San Francisco's lunar New Year celebrations are the longest runnings in America. They date back to the 1860s, during the “Gold Rush” period. Today, numerous events take place around the Bay Area, but the headline is the massive Chinese New Year Parade that draws as many as 1 million viewers.

Washington DC has a historic Chinatown. There is a parade here with floats, firecrackers, dancers and music. The Smithsonian American Art Museum can host hands on arts and crafts events that feature performers invited from China. The Kennedy Center stages themed performances, including folk music and symphonies from China.

Despite low temperatures in January and February, Chicago celebrates the Lunar New Year in a big way. There are two parades, usually held on different days of the same weekend. One is in the city's traditional Chinatown on the South Side, and the other takes place on Argyle Street. Asian culture is on full display during these parades, and other Chicago com munities also take part.

Xi'an,or Chang'an as it was called for many centuries,has been a built-up urban area for over 3,000 years,and once     1    （serve）as capital for 13 dynasties.It is home     2     many immovable cultural heritages,three of     3     are on the UNESCO 's world cultural heritage list.

These days,the city has made     4    （effect）exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy（遗产）.A recent piece of news     5    （announce）by Shaanxi's cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention,that a ruin of ancient capital dating back to Qin Dynasty was unearthed during the construction of the Xi 'an MetroLine5.In order to protect the ruin,the metro line may have to change     6    （it）route.

    7     （face）the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction,Xi’an made active    8    （attempt）.Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 meters underground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are     9     （usual）buried in the layer within5meters from the surface level.Besides,the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories,presenting       10     visual feast for citizens.

A Sweet Art— Sugar Painting

In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan province, one can often find folk artists producing sugar     1     (painting) with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks.

According to some academic studies, sugar painting originated from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures     2     (make) in molds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremony. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar painting gained more     3     (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various, most of     4     stood for good luck such as fish, dragon and monkey. Afterward, the folk artists in Sichuan     5     (develop) this art by adding techniques of Chinese shadow puppet and Chinese paper cutting. The molds were also replaced     6     a small bronze spoon. As time passed by, the contemporary form of sugar painting has     7     (gradual) evolved.

Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are making efforts     8     (preserve) it by offering classes, holding relevant activities such as sugar painting contests and applying for the National Non-material Cultural Heritage.

Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public     9     it has already been listed as Provincial Non-Material Culture Heritage by the Sichuan Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained     10     (increase) recognition.

10 . Vida Woodhull Stabler is the director of the Omaha culture center at Omaha Nation Public Schools in Macy, Nebraska. She has been working for years to pass on the cultural knowledge of tribal (部落的) elders for future generations. But she faces a predicament: Only about a dozen Omaha tribe members speak the language fluently today.

For Kyleigh Merrick, 15, learning the Omaha language as a teen today is important but also a challenge. She goes to language class every day, but outside of class, there are few opportunities to speak it. Her great-grandmother uses it at home, but among her peers, only a handful will sometimes greet each other in the Omaha language. At school, only a few students are taking Omaha language classes and seem deeply interested in tribal language and culture.

Another big force that has worked against passing the native tribal language on over generations is boarding schools . The local government began sending native students to boarding schools from the 1800s to the 1960s. Students there were not allowed to express tribal culture and were taught only English.

“Our language does not have access to the same types of materials that Spanish and German do ― you can walk into any library and find Spanish books to read,” Stabler said. “Our community has had to develop tangible (有形的) materials on our own. The first challenge is ensuring people want to learn. The second is making sure they have materials to learn from.”

At Omaha Nation Public Schools, Stabler put tribal culture into students’ everyday school experiences, like hanging up a calendar with months in English and Omaha. In biology class, for instance, kids might make traditional tribal foods.

For Stabler, the work of making sure tribal culture lives on into the next generations never stops. “If students are rooted to our land ― they’ll be rooted as human beings,” Stabler said.