3 . Our culture is the system we use to build our identity. All living things are part of a culture. Even animals have a culture! So what is culture? It's the way we behave in a group. It begins with each individual family. Within our families we do things to build relationships with each other. This can include routines like daily housework and weekly shopping. It also includes traditions. Traditions are activities that are repeated on a regular basis.

Culture is not limited to individual family groups. The real strength of culture is in larger community groups. These larger groups are called societies. Every society makes rules for itself. It decides how people should act in different situations. Some of these rules are written down. Some are just things that are naturally expected of all members of that society.

Often, cultures can be recognized by what the people believe. Cultures are also known by what they choose to include in their art. Sometimes cultures may be formed by people who speak the same language. Cultures may also be known for their customs, including the foods they make and the things they do.

Our cultures help us understand who we are and what we believe. There are very strong feelings connecting us to our own society. Two different cultures may disagree on something, especially if they both feel strongly about it. When that happens, war is a common result.

People are learning better ways to communicate with each other. The more we communicate, the more we appreciate the differences in cultures.

1. Where does the real strength of culture?

A．In arts.

B．In families.

C．In societies.

D．In languages.

2. Which of the following may the author disagree with according to the passage?

A．Culture is the way we behave.	B．Culture doesn't exist in animals.
C．Cultures may not agree with each other.	D．Cultures help us understand ourselves.

3. How can people appreciate cultural differences?

A．By communicating.	B．By preparing to fight.
C．By building a wall.	D．By making friends.

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A．What Is Culture?

B．What Is Society?

C．What Is Tradition?

D．What Is System

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has always been famous    1    being a “State of Etiquette（礼仪）”.According to historical documents, as early as 2,600 years ago, this nation has already established a thorough set of dining etiquette.

A famous Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man    2    （have）a drink in a bar.Chekhov said, “Before drinking, he held the cup with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and waiters,     3    （say）'qing（please）'.This is the custom of China.They are not like us to finish it in one drink,     4    to prefer to drink by taking a small amount at    5    time.With every sip（一小口）, he    6    （eat）some food.Afterwards, he handed me some Chinese    7    （coin）to show gratitude.This is a rather interestingly polite nationality...” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person    8    was given by a foreigner two centuries ago.Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt with    9    （serious）; the    10    （important）the occasion was, the more complex the procedures were.

6 . Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.

Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs, most of which are near the Imperial Palaces. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, which cover 62 square kilometers, some people will be asked to move from hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.

“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Imperial Palaces during the National Day holidays. The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,” said Huang Yan, director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that hutongs should be protected from human damage.

The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritages worked. Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 57 square kilometers of land. “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,” Wang said

“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished,” Wang said.

No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.

1. How many hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing?

A．Less than 1.000.	B．About 2.000.
C．More than 3.000.	D．Over 4.000.

2. According to Huang Yan, what is the main cause of the damage to cultural relics?

A．Visitors’ activity.	B．Residents’ attitude.
C．Communities’ behaviour.	D．The government’s policy.

3. Which of the following is a useful way to protect hutongs?

A．To attract more visitors.

B．To punish anyone damaging them.

C．To increase the local population.

D．To forbid everyone getting close to them.

4. What will happen to hutongs in the near future?

A．Only time will tell.

B．No one will remember them.

C．The number will be growing.

D．Hutongs will disappear completely.

7 . Australians are pretty bold (大胆的) when it comes to humor. Not afraid of saying something insulting (冒犯的) in the name of a good laugh, they generally don’t hold back. This is always done in fun, however.

You get yourself a haircut before going to meet your new Aussie friend. You’re expecting to be praised. but what you hear is, “Did ya have a fight with a lawnmower (割草机)?” You might take this as an insult, but it’s just your friend’s way of saying that you’ve had a haircut.

Your friend comes knocking at your bedroom door one morning to tell you’re late for class. You were up studying late the night before and you look a mess. Your friend thinks you need to put a brush through your hair before leaving, but instead of just saying so he says, “Wow. Your hair looks like a bush pig’s arse.”He’s trying to be nice.

Australia is one of cultures on this planet where making fun of someone is a sign of friendship. If you find yourself being made fun of lots, it could be that you’ve scored yourself a whole lot of new friends. Consider yourself lucky — these insults are all part of building a relationship.

Australians also use a lot of sarcasm (讽刺). You foolishly say something that’s obvious (明显的). For example, “A six pack of beer is named after the number of beers you get in the pack, the number being six.” A normal answer would be, “That is the most obvious statement I’ve ever heard”, but an Australian would say, “Really? You’ re so clever”.

Now let’s say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day. Australians might say, “Great. I can’t wait to add preparing for a test to my already long to-do list. Thank you for this gift”.

1. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, Australians try to be humorous_______.

A．by telling funny jokes	B．by making fun of friends
C．by laughing at themselves	D．by showing unfriendliness

2. What does the author suggest you do when you are laughed at by an Australian?

A．Accept it readily.	B．Fight back bravely.
C．Mind your behavior.	D．End the relationship.

3. What do Australians want to express by saying “Thank you for this gift” in the last paragraph?

A．Dislike.	B．Worry .
C．Gladness.	D．Thankfulness.

4. How is the text mainly developed?

A．By telling stories.	B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing examples.	D．By examining differences.

8 . 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Lanzhou, a group of scientists from China     1     other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs have been produced since they     2    (start) the international project in 1994.

The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different     3    (culture) and are   part of the history of many countries. Today, the caves are just as international     4    they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.     5    (attract) by the beauty of these   caves,tourists from all over the world visited Dunhuang. The Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people    6    (admire) in America.

By     7     (share) so many digital photos over     8     Internet, the group hopes to promote even    9     (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history,culture,and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the     10     (important) of safeguarding historic relics for future generations to understand and appreciate.

9 . Undoubtedly, Britain is a nation of hat wearers. From taking off hats     1     launching mortar boards (学位帽) in the air, hats have long been associated with ceremonies and practices. Even the history of the country can     2    (tell) through hats.

    3     (date) back to medieval England, the flat cap became a symbol of working class culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Edwardian Era was     4     golden age of hats, when the decorations became even more delicate, ranging from flowers, birds to fruits. The pork pie hat, starting in the middle 19th century, was the     5    (choose) for many well-dressed Victorian citizens. Decades later it     6    (gradual) became a key feature of London street style. By the 1960s, though, hats faded out of people’s sight because of the rise of private cars. It was the Royal Wedding     7    (hold) in 2011 that contributed to the return of hat wearing. For example, Stockport Hat Works Museum— the only museum in the country featured in hats and hat making — is     8    (popular) than ever, with a distinct increase on its visitors.

    9     marks Britain out on the world stage is the large number of hats of different shapes and colors. The variety of hats in Britain     10     (reflect) its multicultural background and rich cultural heritage.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

Marriage can vary     1    (great) from country to country. There are many different kinds of     2    (marry) ceremonies practiced around the world. One of the largest and most expensive wedding ceremonies     3    (hold) in Dubai in 1981. At this wedding, the well-to-do son of Sheik Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum married Princess Salama in a large building     4     was built for the ceremony. There were 20,000guests at the wedding. The cost was close to $44 million.

A man and a woman may choose to get married for many     5    (reason). Sometimes they marry because they are in love. Sometimes they marry because their parents tell them that they must marry.

The     6    (young) couple in the world to get married was a 11-month-old boy (the groom) and a three-month-old girl (the bride).     7     couple got married in Bangladesh in 1986.

The parents of the bride and the groom arranged the marriage in order to end a fight between the two families without either family     8    (have) to lose face in the end. The families had been arguing over a farm for 20 years. Both the bride family and the groom family thought that they owned the farm, but no one knew for sure. The fight ended for good     9     the young boy married the young girl. The two families agreed     10    (give) the farm to the young couple.