1 . [1] It has been said that the English and the Americans are two great people separated by one language. Among these differences, how space is treated always goes unnoticed.

[2] The middle-class American growing up in the United States feels he has a right to have his own room, or at least part of a room. American women who want to be alone can go to the bedroom and close the door. The closed door is the sign meaning “Do not disturb” or “ I’ m angry.”   An American is available if his door is open at home or at his office. He is expected not to shut himself off but to maintain himself in a state of constant readiness to answer the demands of others.

[3] …?

[4] The contrasting English and American patterns have some remarkable implications, particularly if we assume that man, like other animals, has a built-in need to shut himself off from others from time to time. An English student told me what happened when hidden patterns conflicted. He was quite obviously experiencing strain(压力) in his relationships with Americans. Nothing seemed to go right and it was quite clear from his remarks that we did not know how to behave. An analysis of his complaints showed that a major source of irritation(恼怒) was that no American seemed to be able to pick up the subtle clues that there were times when he didn’t want his thoughts interrupted. As he stated it, “I’m walking around the apartment and it seems that whenever I want to be alone my roommate starts talking to me. Pretty soon he’s asking “What’s the matter?” and wants to know if I’m angry. By then I am angry and say something.”

[5] Now the picture seems quite clear. When the American wants to be alone he goes into a room and shuts the door--- he depends on spatial features for screening. For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room, to give them the “silent treatment,” is the eventual form of rejection and a sure sign of great displeasure. The English, on the other hand, lacking rooms of their own since childhood, never developed the practice of using space as a refuge from others. They have in fact internalized(内化) a set of barriers, which they erect and which others are supposed to recognize. Therefore, the more the Englishman shuts himself off when he is with an American, the more likely the American is to break in to assure himself that all is well. Tension lasts until the two get to know each other. The important point is that the spatial and spatial needs of each are not the same at all.

1. What will the paragraph 3 (which is omitted in the paper) more probably talk about?

A．The conditions of the English with regard to their understanding of space.

B．The response of the Americans to some unexpected demands of others.

C．The reaction of working class and upper class Americans to space.

D．The illustration of the living environment of upper-and middle-class Englishman.

2. The author mentions an English student in paragraph 4 in order to _______.

A．prove humans are born with the need to keep themselves to themselves sometimes

B．demonstrate the contrasting features of the American and British problems in conflict

C．analyze why the British tend to be left alone without his thoughts being interrupted

D．stress the importance of reading delicate clues in communication with foreigners

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The Americans’ failure to recognize the English’s need for space may cause the conflict.

B．The English prefer to tell those around not to disturb them when they are in low spirits.

C．The Americans are more willing to socialize with others in the workplace than the English.

D．The Americans will not refuse to talk to others unless they are in intense annoyance.

4. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A．The difference between the English and the Americans in space lies in their use of English.

B．The English and the Americans have been adapted quite differently with regard to space.

C．The Americans have different concepts of space because they tend to enjoy more space.

D．The English prefer to pour their inner thoughts to others when they are in great trouble.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Water Splashing Festival of the Dai ethnic minority (少数民族),     1     falls in April, is the most important festival for the Dai people in the Dehong area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. It is the New Year for the Dai, a festival to send off the old and greet the new.

During the festival which lasts for three or four days, people     2    (dress) in their best clothes and take part in a     3    (various) of rich and colorful activities. Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other     4    (performance) such as peacock dance are held on the first day. And the most popular event is water-splashing on the second day. People splash water on each other,     5    (hope) to take away sickness and disasters. The wetter you get, the     6    (lucky) you will be. The last day is usually for the young people to play games as a way     7    (express) their love for each other.

The Water Splashing Festival     8    (vivid) exhibits the Dai’s respect     9     water and the culture of music and dance, food, and costumes. It is also a cultural bridge between Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share     10     same festival culture of water-splashing.

3 . Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.

The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien-Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building codes and launched a new design competition for the Wien-Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.

The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.

The Recommendation put forwards an all-rounded and combined approach to balancing urban heritage (遗产) conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development.

The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.

1. Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1?

A．To explain the goal of the organization.

B．To encourage the public to protect the world.

C．To show the positive effect of conservation.

D．To remind people of the environmental problems.

2. Why was WHC worried about the Wien-Mitte project?

A．It took up too much public land of the city.

B．It had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.

C．Its original designs were not environmentally friendly.

D．Its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards.

3. What did the global discussion focus on?

A．The ways to combine conservation and development.

B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.

C．The international urban management and development.

D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.

4. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?

A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.

B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.

C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.

D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.

4 . 某中学生英文杂志正在开展以“My Holiday Plan”为主题的征文活动，请你写一篇英语短文投稿。除了学习计划外，请你再从所给的要点提示中选择两项，并阐述选择的理由。
要点提示:1.运动健身;2.学习乐器;3学做家务;4.社区服务;5.外出旅行。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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5 . 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter计划来北京大学学习中文。他对中国古代诗歌特别感兴趣，发电子邮件向你询问中国古代诗歌的特点。请你写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍一下中国古代诗歌的特点。
内容要点：
1. 特别注意诗情画意；
2. 擅长色彩和色调的搭配；
3. 善于创造情景交融的意境；
4. 善于处理动与静、形与神、小与大的对立关系。       
参考词汇：poetic and pictorial splendor 诗情画意 harmonious mood 情景交融的意境 dynamic and static动与静
Dear Peter,

I’m glad to hear that you will come to China for further study in Peking University. _____________________

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Yours,

Li Hua

6 . 语法填空

Paper cutting is a folk culture with so long a history. When Chinese Lunar New Year is coming, it is a custom     1     northern people to paste the paper cutting on the window. Gradually, it develops into an art form, one of the     2     (popular) traditional decoration arts. It is recorded that there were decorations made by gold and silver foil, leather and silk products in 1600 BC. We can say that paper cutting came from these art forms.

In the early time, people made images of humans and subjects by hemp paper     3     (bury) together with the body in the tomb or to burn on the funerals. With the special symbolization meaning, paper cutting     4     (use) as decorations on sacrificing ceremonies. In 105 AD, Cai Lun improved the paper making technique and a large amount of paper was produced,     5     laid a foundation for the spread of paper cutting. Beautiful patterns (图案) were created and gradually, the patterns were     6     (wide) used in other fields later.

There were more records of paper cutting after 960 AD (Song dynasty).     7     (profession) paper cutting artists appeared,     8     (specialize) in different patterns. Some were good at cutting flowers     9     others were expert at characters’ cutting. Thus the patterns were abundant (丰富的) and colorful. One of the most important     10     (contribution) of paper cutting in the Song dynasty was that patterns were used on the china.

7 . I have happy memories of trips to Europe, but my trip to Romania was unique. My husband was born there and he _______ to go to Canada but was rejected. _______ he became a US citizen when we married. Seven years later, with a US passport, and two children, he wanted to _______ Romania. He hadn’t seen his mother, two sisters, and two brothers _______ he was 16.

When we reached Bucharest, his family was waiting outside his sister’s house to _______ us. After hugging, kissing, and crying, his family also embraced me, the _______ wife with two young children.

They had great interest in me. _______ Americans visited Romania at that time, and most Romanians had little _______ to travel.

I had brought an English-Romanian dictionary with me and _______ to communicate. My Romanian improved, but mostly I spoke in ________ Roman.

Romania didn’t have many dry cleaners. Most homes had ________ washing machines but no dryers, and it was a hot summer. The relatives had a surprising and simple ________: the women dined in their bras and slippers. The men were shirtless. Disrobing (脱衣服) for dinner was inconvenient. I, of course, having just met them, ________ fully clothed. I washed my clothes by hand and hung them outdoors to ________.

On the last night of our ________, we had a large family dinner. I was tired of washing my clothes. So I ________ my dress over my head and placed it on the chair behind me. The ________ broke out in applause. Even with my poor Romanian, I ________ that they were saying, “She’s part of our family now.”

My children were 4 and 5 at the time, but they still have memories of that ________. But most of all, I remember the ________ dinner we had together. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

1.

A．applied

B．asked

C．sought

D．hesitated

2.

A．Suddenly

B．Finally

C．Immediately

D．Shortly

3.

A．study

B．visit

C．assess

D．deny

4.

A．after

B．until

C．since

D．when

5.

A．follow

B．receive

C．greet

D．inform

6.

A．Canadian

B．Romanian

C．European

D．American

7.

A．Few

B．Many

C．Some

D．All

8.

A．choice

B．chance

C．time

D．right

9.

A．assisted

B．decided

C．managed

D．afforded

10.

A．broken

B．fine

C．admirable

D．useful

11.

A．modern

B．old-fashioned

C．demanding

D．popular

12.

A．rule

B．idea

C．answer

D．solution

13.

A．ate

B．baked

C．drank

D．cooked

14.

A．wet

B．dry

C．smooth

D．rough

15.

A．case

B．leave

C．stay

D．flight

16.

A．pushed

B．raised

C．rolled

D．pulled

17.

A．kitchen

B．house

C．restaurant

D．table

18.

A．persuaded

B．understood

C．accused

D．enjoyed

19.

A．dilemma

B．holiday

C．assignment

D．trip

20.

A．only

B．extra

C．last

D．best

8 . 短文改错

Western holidays such as Christmas, Valentine’s Day, are getting more and more popular in China. Some Chinese people even get crazy at them. But at the same time, people seem to have more enthusiasm for our traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Moon Festival. However, most people celebrate western holidays without know the meaning behind them. They just go shopping, held parties and have fun.

In my opinion, the celebration of western holidays is good way of learning about the western cultures, which help to promote understanding and communication between Chinese cultures and other cultures. However, the celebration can make our life more interesting as well as. However, we should make greatly efforts to preserve and enrich their own traditional culture.

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be     1    , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every     2     with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of     3     among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be     4     is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for     5    .

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with     6         among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show     7     between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the     8     meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not     9       too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing     10    of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

10 . 假定你是李华，你们学校的外教Jerry寒假不回国，你写信邀请他去你家一起过除夕，内容要点如下：
1. 时间：2月4日；
2. 活动安排。
参考词汇：The New Year’s Eve
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jerry,
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Yours sincerely,

Li Hua