1 . Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others think of it as a melting pot. In a bowl of salad, all the ingredients are mixed together.
From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups mix together, yet maintain their cultural uniqueness. People may work together during the day at similar jobs and in the same companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic groups where their own individual culture directs their way of life.
Whether a salad bowl or a melting pot, America can be best described as a mixture of both.
A.Both are correct depending on one’s point of view. |
B.They never lose their shapes, colours or tastes. |
C.This is why there is so much diversity within America. |
D.In other words, America is a nation where there is unity in diversity. |
E.Thus, one needs to abandon one’s culture to be considered “American”. |
F.They serve to develop the various ethnic groups to create a new American culture. |
G.The other theory, which is also used to describe American society, is the melting pot. |
2 . Beijing Opera is a kind of Chinese opera.
The Peking Opera band mainly consists of an orchestra and percussion (打击乐) band.
It is believed that Beijing Opera gradually came into being after 1790.
In 1828, some famous Hubei troupes came to Beijing. They often jointly performed in the stage with Anhui troupes. The combination gradually formed Beijing opera’s main melodies.
A.Many people like to watch Beijing Opera |
B.Beijing Opera has a 200yearlong history |
C.Beijing Opera enjoys a higher reputation |
D.Most of them are middleaged or elderly men |
E.The former frequently accompanies peaceful scenes |
F.It is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China |
G.At that time the famous four Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing |
3 . Traveling abroad is becoming increasingly popular these years. Some people are afraid of making linguistic (语言的) mistakes while traveling. Actually, cultural mistakes may be more serious, which can lead to serious misunderstanding.
●Touching Someone
In Thailand, the head is considered sacred — never even pat a child on the head.
●Talking over Dinner
In some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, food is important, so don’t start chatting about your day’s adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner.
●Removing Your Shoes or Not
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you rude, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you’ll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your shoelaces.
Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior.
A.If not, keep the shoes on. |
B.You’ll be likely to meet with no response. |
C.Never be completely surprised by anything. |
D.Personal spaces are different among countries. |
E.As the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” |
F.Watch out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them. |
G.The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea. |
4 . Britain is divided into different areas. Britain is one of the most diverse nations in Europe with over 250 different languages being spoken in London alone. With such a various culture, adapting to it can be a challenge for anyone.
Forget the stereotypes (陈旧观念). Many of the long-formed stereotypes simply have nothing to do with Britain today. Don’t think that everyone enjoys drinking tea or beer. Abandoning some old ideas of people and culture will allow you to be more open-minded and easily get into the culture.
Get used to small spaces. Like all European nations, Britain does not have the luxury of space. Houses, apartments and cars are all smaller.
Accept the jokes.
A.Be polite |
B.Make friends with them |
C.Don’t play jokes on others |
D.Understand the differences |
E.Following these steps should be of great help to you |
F.Therefore, trying to become familiar with smaller areas is very necessary |
G.One of the most confusing aspects of British culture is humour |
5 . Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday.The day after it has been known as Black Friday.It is the start of the holiday shopping season,and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday.They open their doors quite early in the morning.They try to attract shoppers with big discounts(打折).Some items(商品) like TVs and clothes are much cheaper than usual.
Black Friday is a great time to go shopping.However,there are problems.The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items.Each store may only have a few.These items are in great need,so people stand in long lines to get them.
The situation makes people worried.Some Black Friday events have been crazy.There have been fights over toys among shoppers.Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds.But most Black Friday events are safe and fun.
So where does the name “Black Friday” come from?It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.
Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events.
A.Still,if you plan to go,you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing. |
B.People may feel disappointed if they cannot get them. |
C.They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. |
D.It is even spreading to other parts of the world. |
E.Stores may even lose money on these items. |
F.It attracts people all over the world. |
G.The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused. |
6 . Spanish Weddings
Weddings are big and important things in Spain. You’re likely to find the whole family and the whole village turn out to celebrate.
Traditional Spanish weddings do not include bridesmaids (伴娘) or groomsmen.
During the wedding reception, the bride and groom go from table to table carrying a basket with small wedding presents. The men will be offered a cigar or a mini-bottle of wine. And the women will be offered a little present. This may be the time in which guests also “hand back” the preferred wedding gift: money in envelopes.
A.Most Spanish weddings are connected with coins. |
B.But today, with Hollywood’s influence weddings change a bit. |
C.The couple stand together at the altar (圣坛) with no one else. |
D.Therefore, you will find the traditional weddings are crowded. |
E.In Spain, the wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand. |
F.Invitations are usually sent out one or two weeks before the wedding ceremony. |
G.Some couples also send out the number of a bank account along with the invitation. |
7 . Major Snow, the 21st solar term of the year, begins this year on Dec 7 and ends on Dec 20, marking the start of the season. It begins when the sun reaches the celestial longitude (天文经度) of 255° and ends when it reaches 270°
By the start of Major Snow, most of China has already seen the start of winter.
During Major Snow, people often eat jujube cakes, made from red jujube dates (枣) which are rich in vitamin C, protein, calcium, iron, vitamins and other nutrients.
In some areas, cured meats become a specialty product, as a way to store meat over the winter months. As the saying goes, small snow seals the ground, heavy snow seals the river.
Major Snow is an excellent season for people to replenish their bodies. There is another saying, “Replenishing your body in winter means you will be strong enough to fight a tiger in early spring.”
A.A timely snow promises a good harvest |
B.You can also eat some foods that nourish your Yin |
C.A large number of citrus fruits, high in vitamin C, are in season |
D.Temperatures have now dropped to below 0 °C in some northern regions |
E.There is an old Chinese saying that “Three dates a day means no one gets old” |
F.Now, many rivers are frozen, and people can go ice-skating with friends and family |
G.At this time of year, it tends to snow more frequently over a wider area of the country |
8 . Culture often refers to things like food, holidays, clothing, and music, but it also goes much deeper than that.
One of the best ways to understand others’ cultures is to first examine your own. Do you take your shoes off when you go inside?
However, sometimes, learning a lot about a different culture can lead you into a trap. You may think you know much about a culture, which may lead you to show off your knowledge when you meet someone from that background. But it’s a problem to assume that everyone from one particular culture has the same attitudes and experiences. Your assumptions that lead you to pre-judge against others can be harmful.
Differences between us are what make life so interesting. So accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures.
A.It is a simple thing, but it’s a huge marker of culture! |
B.Learning is another great way to understand different cultures. |
C.Behaviors, customs, beliefs, and values are also part of your culture. |
D.To achieve it, do strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation. |
E.So don’t do it to others even if you understand their culture really well. |
F.The more you learn, the more used you get to respecting cultural differences. |
G.Wherever you live, there are probably immigrant communities (侨民团体)with their own customs. |
9 . What is heritage? The word can be difficult to define. Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to cultural heritage. This can include bodies of water, plant life, landforms and more. One example is the Nile River.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch. Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance, like Flamenco dancing. You might know about the music of Mariachi Bands or holidays like Eid. These are all examples of intangible heritage.
Exploring your own heritage can be fun. It can help you learn about yourself, your family, and your ancestors. But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others.
A.They are treasures that can be touched. |
B.What tangible items can be part of heritage? |
C.However, heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects. |
D.Languages, holidays and customs also make the list. |
E.Therefore, it’s difficult to protect them from fading away. |
F.Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures. |
G.It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries. |
10 . Living in a different country can be a culture shock for many people, so make sure you know about the food, customs and culture of the place you are planning on moving to.
The first thing that I did when I got out of the airport was to cross the road, but I looked the wrong way! In the UK the cars drive on the lefthand side of the road whereas in Spain they drive on the right. I almost got run over because I was still thinking I was in Spain. You have to be very careful when you move to another place.
Drink water
Time is different
If we are going for a proper night out at the weekend in Spain we might not meet until 10 or 11 pm at night or even later sometimes. This means we might not actually get home until 5 or 6 o’clock the following morning.
Greet everyone with a kiss
In the UK most men use a handshake to greet other men.
A.Be careful on the road |
B.Drive on the left side of the road |
C.In the UK that is already past the bedtime |
D.Different places have different cultures and rules |
E.In Spain, most people buy large bottles of water to drink |
F.In Spain, the days are warmer, the sun shines brightly and everyone is relaxed |
G.If they are good friends they may give each other a quick hug but that is about it |