1 . Chinese culture values family bonds very much. Family members don't just gather during the holidays .In fact they often live under one roof all year round.
In most East Asian cultures, extended families are common.
Atlantic, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that "a grandparent is a treasure to their family".
In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families （小家庭）. These are solely made up of children and their parents.
Additionally, the duties parents have toward their children can also differ.
It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also follow their parents' opinions when making major life decisions, more often than not.
In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18.
While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence.
| A．These families have three or even four generations living together |
| B．Nuclear families are the most common type in China. |
| C．In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood. |
| D．Different cultures have different family values. |
| E．But in the end, home is best 一 east or west. |
| F．Many young people going to college often need to take out loans and work part-time jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent. |
| G．Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time. |
2 . Living in a foreign culture can be exciting, but it can also be confusing(令人迷惑的). A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences. They found that miscommunication was always possible, even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”.
On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific, Lisa thought people weren’t paying any attention to her. The day was hot. She went into a store and asked, “Do you have cold drinks？” The woman there didn’t say anything. Lisa repeated the question. Still the woman said nothing. She later learned that the woman had answered her: She had raised her eyebrows(眉毛), which in Micronesia means “yes”.
Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe. She went to a restaurant that was famous for its cabbage. She asked the waiter, “Do you have cabbage today？” He nodded his head. Jan waited, but the cabbage never came. In that country, a nod means “no”.
Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India. After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood. They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head. He thought some people had not understood, so he explained again. When he asked again, they did the same thing. He soon found out that his students did understand. In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from. You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or “no”．
1. The Americans teaching English in other countries found that they ________.| A．had problems with communication | B．needed to learn foreign languages |
| C．should often discuss their experiences | D．should go abroad for vacations |
| A．nodding heads | B．raising eyebrows |
| C．shaking heads | D．saying “no” |
| A．he didn’t know where the students came from |
| B．he didn’t explain everything clearly enough |
| C．some students didn’t understand his questions |
| D．he did not know much about Indian culture |
| A．In Bulgaria, nodding heads means “no” |
| B．Jan taught English on a Pacific island. |
| C．Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage. |
| D．In India，only shaking heads means “yes”. |
3 . Punks, Ravers, Mods and Teddy Boys. No, these aren't some hot new bands, but the names of a number of British youth subcultures(亚文化) from the last 70 years.
Youth Club, a UK not-for-profit organization, released a book earlier this year celebrating many different subcultures from throughout Britain s recent history.
"A catalyst(催化剂) for creativity on the worldwide stage, British youth culture movements from the Teddy Boys of the 1950s to the grime Scene of the 2000s continue to play a pioneering role in music, fashion and creativity across the globe," it wrote on its website.
These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others. Walking around London in the 1970s would have meant seeing dozens of young "punks" - people dressed in ripped denim(破洞牛仔裤), leather jackets, body piercings(穿孔) and with brightly-dyed hair—on the streets. And in the90s, “ravers” were young people who threw all-night parties in abandoned buildings or car parks.
So, what was the reason behind these subcultures?
"On both sides of the Atlantic, more and more young disappointed teenagers were looking for an escape from the boredom and constraints(约束)of society, "wrote lan Youngs, BBC entertainment reporter. "Unemployment, racial tensions and social upheaval (剧变)added fuel to their fires."
Youth subcultures have all but disappeared in the West. Some experts believe the reason for this is the instant and low-priced availability of music and clothing in the internet age.
"Fashion and music, they’re much cheaper and they’re much faster today, " Ruth Adams, a culture lecturer at Kings College London told The Guardian.
"When I was a teenager, you had to stick to one type of music or fashion, because it cost more money. Now, it' s all a bit more blurry(模糊不清的),” she said, believing that it's harder to figure out someone's personality or music tastes nowadays just by looking at them.
Despite this, Adams believes that today’s young people are still finding their own way to express themselves, but in a more modern way.
"It's certainly happening online," she said. "It's a lot easier to use personas(伪装) online just by showcasing certain types of mysterious knowledge."
1. According to the text, British youth subcultures____.| A．could be traced back to the 1970s |
| B．were started by Youth Club to promote creativity |
| C．were a way for youth to express their identities |
| D．had a greater impact on fashion than music |
a. Young people's desire for freedom and fun.
b. Young people's longing for fame and wealth.
c. The social pressure young people suffered.
d. The easy access to music and clothing.
| A．a b |
| B．a c |
| C．b d |
| D．c d |
| A．Music and fashion trends develop too fast for young people to follow today. |
| B．Young people today are less willing to express themselves as her peers did. |
| C．Young people today are less interested in music and fashion than her peers used to be. |
| D．The internet makes it harder to figure out the personalities of young people today. |
| A．Objective |
| B．Negative |
| C．Doubtful |
| D．Supportive |
4 . Columbus Day has been on American calendars since 1937, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared October 12 a federal holiday to honor the Italian explorer who “discovered” the Americas in 1492. However, the holiday has always been controversial. Many people believe that Christopher Columbus should not be given credit for “discovering” the continent, since native Americans had already been living there for generations.
Besides, the explorer’s mission was not a scientific “voyage of discovery”, but one intended to conquer the new land. Critics maintain that the Spanish army Columbus brought on his second voyage, caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of indigenous(土著的) people. Those that survived the massacre became slaves, working in mines. Many, therefore, believe that the explorer’s arrival should not be celebrated.
In 1977, a delegation of Native nations at the International Conference on Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations in the Americas, proposed renaming the holiday to “Indigenous People’s Day”. The proposal passed with a majority.
However, convincing the rest of the country to do the same was not that easy. It took 15 years before the city of Berkeley in California adopted the name in 1992 and then 22 more years before Minneapolis, MN and Seattle, WA did the same in 2014. The following year, eight more cities including Albuquerque, NM and Portland, OR, began celebrating the second Monday of October as “Indigenous People’s Day”. The movement really started to gain momentum in 2016 when 19 cities, including Boulder, CO and Phoenix, AZ, as well as the states of Minnesota and Vermont, all decided to rename the day to honor Native Americans. In 2017, 21 more cities, including Austin, TX and Los Angeles, CA have made the shift.
With the increasingly larger number of cities moving away from Columbus Day each year, it will be interesting to see if “Indigenous People’s Day” gets federal recognition. Meanwhile, it will continue to be the focal point of debates throughout the Americas.
1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?| A．Indigenous People’s Day Has Got Federal Recognition after Years’ Work |
| B．Columbus Day Honoring the Italian Explorer Has Always Been Controversial |
| C．Christopher Columbus Should Not Be Given Credit for Discovering Americas |
| D．More Cities Have Replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous People’s Day |
| A．Columbus discovered the continent |
| B．Columbus was a remarkable explorer |
| C．Native Americans were abused |
| D．Columbus Day is a public holiday |
| A．Columbus was well received by indigenous people |
| B．The indigenous people hated the Columbus’ arrival |
| C．The Spanish army rebelled against Columbus’ rule |
| D．Few soldiers survived the attack by native Americans |
| A．Portland | B．Phoenix |
| C．Seattle | D．Los Angeles |
