1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have     1     wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter     2     different they may seem, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot     3     common, such as the aim to share joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals around the world.

Customs play a     4     (significance) role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. Some traditions may fade away and others may     5     (establish). One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of     6     (light) firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the New Year. Nowadays, many big cities     7     (forbid) this custom in order to avoid air pollution.

Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people's     8       (wish), beliefs, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions     9     allow us to relax and enjoy life. They also help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what     10     (appreciate).

2 . If you go on holiday in Italy, Spain or Greece, don’t be     1     (surprise) if everything is closed at noon. It’s not because the shops are suffering a hard time, but it’s because everyone is at lunch. In these Mediterranean countries, the locals take lunch very     2     (serious). In contrast to many other countries, lunch here is not a quick snack     3     (consume) in front of the computer or on the way to     4     meeting. It is the main event of the day and can last for several hours,     5     (cover) many courses.

Its origin is simple. Because of the hot climate in these countries, farmers thousands of years ago     6     (introduce) a rest during the hottest time of the day. They would have a big meal and then take a nap in     7     _ (prepare) for the remaining work.

Although most employees now work in cooled offices, many families, especially on weekends, still enjoy a luxurious lunch.     8    , the focus is not only on the food. It is a social gathering     9     friends share food, and enjoy the company of others.

This approach to life and eating has many benefits. According to health experts, the Mediterranean diet is one of the     10     (health) in the world. Many people in Italy, Spain and Greece enjoy a long, healthy and happy life.

3 . 语法填空

As China is a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is deeply rooted in its history. As a visitor or guest in     1     a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!

It is really an     2     (admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests     3     (include), and to take good care of children. Meanwhile,     4     practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless     5     (generation). In ancient times the common people     6     (lead) a needy life but they still tried their best to support the elder mother and father who took it for granted.

Although the hosts in China are all friendly, you should also show them respect. Before     7     (start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says “Everybody, please enjoy     8     (you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.

When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the side dishes evenly placed around them. When the main dishes     9     (prepare) in a decorative form either by cutting or other means, they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table,     10     also represents virtue.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

When I was an international student in China, I was lucky to experience Chinese New Year. The build-up was exciting as everywhere     1    (decorate) with red.

Some fellow students and I  decided to travel from Xi’an to Guilin for the festival. Travel during that time is quite     2    adventure — many people journey home     3    (see) their families and everywhere is very busy.

On the eve of New Year, we watched the CCTV New Year’s Gala. Although we didn’t really understand everything, it was good to be lost     4    the atmosphere of the occasion! At New Year, families make     5    (taste) dumplings together as part of the celebrations. On New Year’s Day, and for several weeks afterwards, you can hear firecrackers and fireworks everywhere, and the air     6    (smell) strongly of dynamite(火药) and smoke. This was adventurous for us!

Being in China during New Year somewhat meant     7    (lonely) though it was a great experience. I can     8    (absolute) explain it with how international students in the UK might feel at Christmas if     9    (have) no loved ones around them.

Overall, my first Chinese New Year was an amazing experience     10    I’ll never forget.

5 . Jin Hanmiao, a first grader from China,received a reply letter from Buckingham Palace    1    (recent) after writing to introduce the China-Britain express railway service.
The letter is based    2    the 19-day journey of the first China-U.K.freight（货运）train.    3    (see) the news of its return to Yiwu,Jin's mother encouraged him to write about it and then send the letter to Queen ElizabethⅡ.
In his letter,Jin introduced    4    (he) and Yiwu,as well as his hope    5    the Queen would appreciate    6    (tradition) Chinese culture.He also expressed his interest in the U.K.,after mentioning some British famous persons and places including Isaac Newton,Charles Darwin,and the British Museum.He then sent his letter to the Queen.
Jin's mother helped translate the letter into English,and sent both the original letter and the translation to London on May 8.Two months    7    (late),a reply from Buckingham Palace    8    (receive).The letter talked about the living and working conditions of the Queen at    9    early age,and included a detailed    10    (introduce) of the Palace.

6 . Smile is a universal language, which     1     (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and     2     (amuse), but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and     3     (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smiling is not only     4     expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid     5    (be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑). For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile,     6     is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.

The laugh is     7     (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various     8     (meaning) about laugh. Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes     9     the deepest emotions while most Chinese may think     10     silly to laugh that way.