1 .

The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be     1    , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every     2     with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of     3     among people, just at some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be     4     is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for     5    .

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with     6     among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show     7    between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority（权威）rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the     8     meanings of silence wen they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own persona and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not     9     too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing     10     of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. inhabitants     B. captured       C. minimum   D. innovation E. network F. apparently       G. highlighted   H. equally     I. humble       J. expansion   K. displays

Is Boasting Good or Bad Business?

Sweden is one of the most creative countries in the world, yet has a culture that warns against boasting about its success in public. And is this    1     manner a help or an obstacle when it comes to start-up?

From household names such as Spotify and Skype, to gaming leaders King and Mojang, Sweden is a land of     2     for industrial changes and new products. Despite just 10 million     3    occupying a land mass largely defined by forest wildness, the nation has in recent years created billion-dollar companies per head than everywhere else outside Silicon Valley.

The more familiar narrative for Sweden’s start-up success story typically includes the following factors. It has strong digital facilities, a highly educated, tech-experienced workforce, and an ideal population size for testing innovations. And for those whose ideas are not in line, there is a strong social welfare     4    to set them back on their feet.

While Ingvar Kamprad, founder of Ikea, has emphasized his being modest and economical in his attitude, research is always at the heart of Ikea’s    5    . These firm-held cultural features have    6     the attention worldwide. Local and global observers are admiring their constant role in promoting Sweden’s lively economy.

“Trying to keep boasting to a    7     and finding a common ground so that everybody is on the same page” remain to be two of the most spreading practice in the Swedish workforce, says Lola Akinmade Akerstrom, a cultural commentator, who     8     this in her recent book Lagorm: The Swedish Secret of Living Well.

Rather than focus on a rock star’s or a CEO’s “killing it” , in Swedish business : “It’s about everybody getting together, making sure their voices are heard     9    , so that they can all reach a most desirable solution together,” she says.

This culture has its roots in what Swedes call “Jantelagen”, which describes a century-old tradition that discourages unnecessary    10    of wealth or success. In other words, nobody should consider themselves better than anyone else.

3 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容用方框内所给词语的适当形式填空

invite, different, work, in, popular, do, sport, weekend, or, together

American people go to work five days a week.They usually have a two－day     1    which is Saturday and Sunday.

On weekends，people spend their time     2     all kinds of things and they do them in     3     ways.Many families enjoy their weekends     4    ．They may go shopping，go for a walk，visit friends，    5     go to church.They may also     6     friends over and have a party at home.

Many American families do     7     on weekends.Running，biking and swimming are     8     during summer，while skiing and skating are very common     9     winter.

The weekend is also a time for American families to     10     in their gardens.For them，weekends are very busy.

4 . 选词填空（可变换形式）

There are all kinds of celebrations     1     the world. Different countries have different     2    . Festivals of the dead are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the     3    . For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense     4     their ancestors. Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. In China, the Dragon Boat Festival honours the famous ancient     5    , Qu Yuan. The most     6     and important festivals are spring festivals which     7     the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish, and meat and give children lucky money in red paper bags. Some western countries have very exciting carnivals, which     8     forty days before Easter, usually in February.

5 . In the US, April is National Volunteer Month,     1     recognizes and thanks volunteers who lend their time, talent, and support to causes they care about in their     2     (community).

The very nature of volunteering means choosing to work without being paid for it. As a result, people tend to do things they feel strongly     3     (concern) about.

For students, valuable lessons may be learned outside class.     4     (consequent), in many parts of the US, volunteering is often taken into consideration when vacations     5     (plan). Unlike his classmates, Andrew Makhoul,     6     university student, spent his 2012 spring break volunteering at an orphanage (孤儿院),     7     (locate) in one of the poorest and most violent parts of Guatemala and depending     8     volunteers to stay open. Makhoul’s first time as a volunteer only lasted a week, but by the end of that week, he knew he     9     (will) be back soon—because he saw love and hope. “If you go out and make some good things happen, you will fill the world with hope, and you will fill     10     (you) with hope,” former US president wrote on social media in 2016.

6 . The ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular movement into 24 parts. Each part was called     1     specific “Solar Term（节气）”. The criteria for the formation of of Twenty -four Solar Terms were developed through the observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural     2     (phenomenon) in this region and have been progressively applied nationwide

It     3     (start) from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold,     4     (move) in cycles. The theory spreads from generation to generation and is     5     (traditional) used to direct production and daily routines. It, in particular, remains     6     (importance) to farmers for guiding their practices     7     is used widely by communities and shared by many racial groups in China. Some festivals in China are closely associated     8     the solar term. It may also be referenced in children’s songs, folk songs and old sayings, These various functions of the solar term have strengthened     9     (it) position as a form of intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) and have made a great     10     (contribute) to the community’s cultural identity.