1.说明目的；
2.提出建议；
3.解释原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
2 . Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers may be anxious because they don’t speak the language. Neither do they know the customs or understand the people’s behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitor find that “yes” may not always mean “yes”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain feeling of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not lead to all the setbacks that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When a person enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel abandoned by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to refuse everything about the new environment and may praise and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by refusing to accept its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
1. What do people feel when they are suddenly in a new culture?| A．Excited. | B．Delighted. | C．Upset. | D．Hopeless. |
| A．it’s impossible to get used to a new culture |
| B．people feel confused due to culture shock |
| C．foreigners often don’t mean what they say |
| D．most foreigners are usually quite humorous |
| A．the language | B．the transportation |
| C．the environment | D．the food |
| A．people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture |
| B．a fish can not survive without water |
| C．people away from their culture experience mental loneliness. |
| D．people away from their culture have many difficulties in new environment |
1.中秋节是中国的传统节日之一。
2.家人团聚，赏月，吃月饼。
3.还有旅游，走亲访友等其他活动。亲戚：relatives
注意：1）.词数100左右；
2）.可以增加适当细节，以使行文连贯。
3）.开头已经为你写好。
The Mid-autumn Festival
The Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the 8th month of our Chinese lunar calendar.
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Many people may think the Forbidden city, or the Palace Museum , is
The museum’s online store now offers special cultural and creative
Last year, a documentary
Some other museums across the country, such as the National Museum of China,
5 . Vida Woodhull Stabler is the director of the Omaha culture center at Omaha Nation Public Schools in Macy, Nebraska. She has been working for years to pass on the cultural knowledge of tribal (部落的) elders for future generations. But she faces a predicament: Only about a dozen Omaha tribe members speak the language fluently today.
For Kyleigh Merrick, 15, learning the Omaha language as a teen today is important but also a challenge. She goes to language class every day, but outside of class, there are few opportunities to speak it. Her great-grandmother uses it at home, but among her peers, only a handful will sometimes greet each other in the Omaha language. At school, only a few students are taking Omaha language classes and seem deeply interested in tribal language and culture.
Another big force that has worked against passing the native tribal language on over generations is boarding schools . The local government began sending native students to boarding schools from the 1800s to the 1960s. Students there were not allowed to express tribal culture and were taught only English.
“Our language does not have access to the same types of materials that Spanish and German do ― you can walk into any library and find Spanish books to read,” Stabler said. “Our community has had to develop tangible (有形的) materials on our own. The first challenge is ensuring people want to learn. The second is making sure they have materials to learn from.”
At Omaha Nation Public Schools, Stabler put tribal culture into students’ everyday school experiences, like hanging up a calendar with months in English and Omaha. In biology class, for instance, kids might make traditional tribal foods.
For Stabler, the work of making sure tribal culture lives on into the next generations never stops. “If students are rooted to our land ― they’ll be rooted as human beings,” Stabler said.
1. What does the underlined part “a predicament” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．A golden chance. | B．A tough decision. |
| C．A difficult situation. | D．A different direction. |
| A．She knows many Omaha speakers. |
| B．She is able to speak some tribal language. |
| C．She seldom takes language classes. |
| D．She thinks learning the Omaha language is easy for her. |
| A．Few students have an interest in learning the Omaha language. |
| B．Spanish and German books should be banned from libraries. |
| C．More reading materials in the Omaha language should be provided. |
| D．The local government forces students to speak only English in school. |
| A．Setting up tribal libraries. | B．Introducing tribal culture to school. |
| C．Persuading students to learn the Omaha language. | D．Encouraging tribal elders to teach the Omaha language. |
6 . You might think that simple things like saying hello and goodbye are the same in every culture. Think again!
Shaking hands to say hello or goodbye was a Western custom at first.
Traditionally, the Chinese custom for greeting was to hold one’s hands together and nod their head a little.
Japanese people greet each other by bowing.When greeting an older or more important person, it is usual to bow lower and for longer.
People in European countries such as Italy often greet each other with a kiss on both cheeks (脸颊). Even men greet each other like this.
Eskimos, a group of people living in the very cold northern areas of North America, greet each other by lightly rubbing their noses together.
When you’re not sure what the customs are in a new country, there’s one greeting that is the same all over the world: a smile.
| A．Kissing is only for close family or women friends. |
| B．However, Eskimos never greet each other with a bow. |
| C．Everyone understands a smile so don’t be afraid to use it! |
| D．In some cultures, it is usual to kiss on the cheek three times! |
| E．This custom probably started because of the freezing weather |
| F．Bowing was also traditional in many European countries in the past. |
| G．But it is now becoming international, especially in business situations. |
7 . Some people take their holiday decoration very seriously. And some take it to the next level. The Griffith family in Kenova, West Virginia, is in this camp. They put on a display that shows they’re just filled with Halloween spirit.
Each year, this family displays 3,000 pumpkins (南瓜) in front of their home for the Halloween season. Yes, you read that right. Ric Griffith puts out one jack-o’ -lantern (南瓜灯) for every person who lives in Kenova.
Of course, he doesn’t do it all on his own. He has a lot of help from his family, and also from members of the community who are super-proud of what has become quite the tourist attraction over the years. More than 30,000 people stop by to see the amazing display, which includes jack‑o’ ‑lanterns cut to look like the faces of famous people, animals, cartoon characters, and other creative designs. It’s certainly a must-see as part of the area’s Ceredo-Kenova Autumnfest.
To fit in all 3,000 pumpkins, Griffith and his helpers spread them across the home’s garden and front porch (门廊), as well as on the roof!
Griffith began the tradition back in 1978 with just five pumpkins and, many years later, it’s much bigger and better. People can’t help but come to the area, walking along the sidewalk outside the house to get that perfect Halloween experience.
“Locals take great pride in it, and then there are people from around the country who plan fall trips and include it in their trips so they can see it,” said Tyson Compton, president of the Cabell‑Huntington Convention and Visitors Bureau. “It’s really something.”
“It’s become a tradition for many people in our area, and it feels good to keep that going,” Griffith said.
1. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．The Griffiths selling 3,000 pumpkins a day. |
| B．Ric Griffith giving 3,000 jack-o’ ‑lanterns to tourists. |
| C．Ric Griffith teaching 3,000 people how to display jack-o’ ‑lanterns. |
| D．The Griffiths decorating their house with 3,000 pumpkins. |
| A．Ric Griffith’s idea has received support from his community. |
| B．There are only two kinds of jack-o’ ‑lanterns. |
| C．Ric Griffith dislikes asking for help from others. |
| D．There are 30,000 people in Kenova. |
| A．It began with 1,978 pumpkins. |
| B．It has lasted more than 40 years. |
| C．It includes five pumpkin competitions. |
| D．It encourages people to do more exercise. |
| A．Worried. | B．Uncaring. |
| C．Favorable. | D．Uncertain. |
1.城市现代化建设重要：支持者：40%;
理由：金融中心可以促进我市经济发展。
2.保护古迹重要：支持者：60%;
理由：古寺是历史的见证者；这类历史遗迹一旦被拆除将会永久消失。
3.你的观点……
注意：1.词数100左右。
2.短文格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
We heard that our city would knock down the temple with a history of 500 years in order to build a financial centre.
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9 . Shanghai residents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu district in October might have astonished at an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology named the “walking” machine.
In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers used nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-story building. The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which in turns rise up and down, imitating the human step. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward.
The Lagena Primary School, which weighs 7,600 tons, faced a new challenge — it’s T-shaped, while previously relocated structures were square or rectangular. Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”.
Over the course of 18 days, the building was rotated 21degrees and moved 62 meters away to its new location. The old school building is set to become a center for heritage protection and cultural protection. The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.
In recent years, China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildings razed to clear land for skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage loss as a result of destruction across the country.
Shanghai has been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “Shikumen” houses in the repaired Xintiandi neighborhood has offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, which was then considered to be Shanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.
1. How did the primary school get moved?| A．By reducing the weight of it. |
| B．By using movable supports. |
| C．By dividing it into several parts. |
| D．By using robotic legs. |
| A．Replaced. |
| B．Burnt. |
| C．Protected. |
| D．Destroyed. |
| A．The use of advanced technology leads to growing concern. |
| B．Shanghai is the pioneer in preserving architectural heritage. |
| C．A number of old buildings have been given new life. |
| D．Many historic buildings will be relocated. |
| A．New preservation campaigns are launched in China. |
| B．New technology gives new life to historic buildings. |
| C．A building in Shanghai “walks” to a new location. |
| D．“Walking machine” makes heritage protection simpler. |
10 . As more and more people speak the global language of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will be likely to die out by the next century, according the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials —including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes — which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded — the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project — Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to schools but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
1. Many scholars are making efforts to ________.| A．promote global languages | B．rescue disappearing languages |
| C．search for languages communities | D．set up language research organizations |
| A．having detailed records of the languages | B．writing books on language users |
| C．telling stories about language speakers | D．living with the native speakers |
| A．The cultural studies in India. | B．The documents available at Yale. |
| C．His language research in Bhutan. | D．His personal experience in Nepal. |
| A．Write, sell and donate. | B．Record, repair and reward. |
| C．Collect, protect and reconnect. | D．Design, experiment and report. |
