2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Festivals have a wide range of     1     (origin). However, no matter how different they may seem, the spirit of     2     (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common.

Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture, which takes place after all the crops     3     (gather) in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. In spite of the fact that customs play     4     important role in festivals, sometimes     5     can change over time. For instance, in order to avoid air     6     (pollute), a number of big cities have given up the custom of lighting firecrackers during the Spring Festival.

These days, festivals are becoming more and more     7     (commerce). Some people believe festivals should not be commercialised,     8     others think the increase in spending is beneficial to the economy and public happiness.

In a word, festivals reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes     9     life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and help us to understand where we came from, who we are, and     10     to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you will find different cultures have a lot in common.

4 . What are the speakers talking about?

A．What life is like in the UK.

B．Their favorite dragons in films.

C．The meaning of dragon in different cultures.

5 . People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.

Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.”

According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”

In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

1. The discovery shows that Westerners ________.

A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

B．consider facial expressions universally reliable

C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A．The participants in the study.

B．The researchers of the study.

C．The errors made during the study.

D．The data collected from the study.

3. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.

A．do translation more successfully

B．study the mouth more frequently

C．examine the eyes more attentively

D．read facial expressions more correctly

4. What can be the best title for the passage?

A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul

B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions

C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills

D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

7 . There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.

On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.

Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.

We should embrace our heritage through our traditional food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.

1. What’s the function of food mentioned in the article?

A．To show national identity.	B．To help motivate homesickness.
C．To reflect a country’s history.	D．To show a community’s superiority.

2. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The national culture.	B．The specific traditional food.
C．A traditional expression of food.	D．The old-fashioned taste.

3. Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?

A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.

B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.

C．To present their own food culture in a new way.

D．To make the dishes popular among customers.

4. What's the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?

A．Negative.

B．unfair.

C．Positive.

D．Opposed.

8 . While tea may have originated in Asia, now there are many countries all around the world that have tea woven into their food culture and traditions. This is one of the very special parts of tea as it has a way of connecting people all over the world in different ways and ceremonies that finally all results in a group of people sitting together and enjoying a cup of tea.

Chinese tea culture

Since China is viewed as the birthplace of tea, it is no wonder that Chinese tea culture is rich with history and tradition. Today, Chinese tea continues to be used in Chinese medicine and is commonly consumed on both casual and formal occasions both for personal enjoyment and to represent Chinese cultural traditions.

Japanese tea culture

Japan also has a long history with tea,especially Japanese Matcha, which is a kind of ground green tea that is commonly used in Japanese tea ceremonies and only in recent years became popular in Western culture.

British tea culture

When many people think about tea, British tea culture is what comes to mind. A hot cup of English Breakfast or Earl Grey tea serves with a little milk and a biscuit in the afternoon as a pick-me-up for the day. Even though tea may not be native to England, this British tea tradition is still going strong today.

Moroccan tea culture

When you visit Morocco, it is hard to miss the outstanding tea culture that is such a large part of Moroccan hospitality. Before any gathering, negotiation, or sale of a product, a pot of mint tea is always prepared and served among the host and guests. This is an expression of Moroccan tradition and hospitality, which should always be accepted by guests as a sign of appreciation and respect to the host.

1. Why can tea find its way into various food cultures?

A．It originates in Asia.	B．It forms different ceremonies.
C．It gets people connected easily.	D．It allows people to sit together.

2. In which country may a cup of mint tea be served before negotiation?

A．China.

B．Japan.

C．Britain.

D．Morocco.

3. In which column (专栏) on social media may the text appear?

A．Healthy You.

B．Social Insight.

C．Cultural Corner.

D．Itchy Feet Travel.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are a few ways Chinese restaurants are different from Western restaurants. In the West, everyone always gets their own menu     1     orders their own food. Since the tables are usually small, it is quite difficult to talk to or even see more than a few people during the meal. However,     2     modern China, usually everyone sits at large round tables where it is easy to see and talk with each other, even if it is     3     rather large group. When the food comes and is put in the middle of the table, everyone then serves     4     (them) by taking a small bit of food. Just as in the West, people can choose what they want to eat. But in the West,     5     (important) is placed on the individual and having one’s own preferences, while in China on sharing and community. Everyone still gets what they want, but it is a     6     (share) experience. Since people     7     (seat) at around table, everyone is treated equally. No one is given     8     (great) power over another. Nevertheless, respect is still shown to older people or people of higher status, as they always sit at the far end of the room     9     (face) the door.

China has many different styles of food, a wide range of ingredients and cooking methods. Therefore, when you are in China you should make an effort     10     (enjoy) Chinese food as the Chinese do — as a group experience — a time for sharing, family, and friendship.

10 . Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture .This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality react to the strange new things we encounter when we move from one culture to another .

Culture begins with the “honeymoon stage”.     1     .We are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food.     2    .

    3     .After we have settled down into our new life , we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland, our family, friends, and even pets. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture .

The third stage is called the “adjustment stage”.     4     .Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!

The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings.     5     .You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them.

A．You can cope with most problems that occur.

B．This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture.

C．It is extremely difficult to get through the first stage of culture.

D．You may feel sad, anxious , frustrated , and want to go home.

E．Unfortunately, the second stage can be more difficult.

F．This stage can last for quite a long time because we feel we are involved in some kind of great adventure.

G．This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting.