1 . The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeii’s emergence as a dark ________. Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Coliseum to be one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18^th century, the appeal was ________ still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the ________, which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.

It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism’ entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow ________ it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F. Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism identify plenty of ________ for the growing phenomenon, including raised awareness of it as a(n) ________ thing. Access to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap ________ travel. It’s hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its ________ to Krakow’s international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also ________ the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people don’t want mainstream tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more ________ history than, say, a Roman ruin,” he says. “You go to Sarajevo (萨拉热窝) and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one’s own life story.”

Hohenhaus is also a fan of ‘beauty in ________’, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The crossover (交叉风格) with death is clear. “I’ve always been drawn to ________ things, “the 54-year-old says. Nevertheless, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational, the example of Grenfell Tower (many “tourists” flooded to a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) hints at the ________ felt at some sites. “I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ago and one of the ________ was ‘pay due respect’,” Hohenhaus says. “It’s big, it’s dramatic, it’s black and it’s a story you’ve followed in the news. I’ll be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the attraction. But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie ________.”

2 . People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are _________ their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with a green _________ in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.

If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a _________ community along the harbour front of British Columbia’s capital city. The community will be home to 2500 people and will _________ residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation (通风), and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials,, such as paints and wood, are_________ and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require _________ to grow.

Energy efficiency is one of the _________ concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures (照明设备) reduce the environmental_________ of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres_________ studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. __________, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing (冲洗) toilets.

Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the __________ into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce__________.

Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transportation system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use __________ energy instead of fossil fuels (化石燃料).

Dockside residents will __________ excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and plentiful green open spaces. The Eco-Community will favour the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be__________ places to live, promoting a tangible (看得见的)sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.

3 . The Greek historian Herodotus is said to have made one of the earliest lists of seven wonders of the world, including the still mysterious accomplishment of ancient horticulture known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. More recent times saw natural _________ to these marvels of classical architecture proposed: waterfalls, mountains, canyons, reefs.

As environmental consciousness has risen in the west, _________ to such sightseeing have changed. Yes, it is thrilling to visit remote forests or spot rare species. _________, travelling to faraway destinations is carbon-intensive. When flights or long road journeys are involved, _________ can be made more difficult as well as assisted by sightseers. There is a(n) _________ to be struck, and ethical governments and businesses around the world try to maximise the benefits while minimising, the harms. Colombia, _________, recently introduced laws aimed at promoting sustainable tourism

Most of us, in the rich countries where people take most holidays, understand better than ever that there are costs as well as benefits _________ exploring. One of the six promises proposed by an environmental campaign launched last month, The Jump, is to “holiday _________”, taking short-distance flights once every three years and long-distance flights very rarely. Fortunately, the UK’s 15 national parks, 86 areas of outstanding natural beauty and countless other landscapes mean that there is no _________ of special places for domestic nature tourists to visit.

One recent survey found that Windsor Great Park and Kew have become Britain’s most __________ attractions. Visitor numbers at wildlife trusts (野生生物托管组织) are high, with waiting lists for beaver-spotting. Some companies that formerly ran foreign trips have __________ to the pandemic by taking people to watch dolphins and other marine life off British coasts instead.

This is not to minimise the destruction of nature that is also __________. Sewage outflows are out of control due to failed water industry regulation The owners of a popular rewilded estate in West Sussex have waned that plans to build 3,500 homes next to their land would be __________ for the species that live there. But as we confront an environmental emergency that grows ever more dangerous, it is essential to cultivate __________ of nature that surrounds us. In a small way, holiday outings to watch dragonflies, kingfishers (鸟) or seals, or be surrounded by trees that are coming into leaf, could help us to focus on what __________.

6 . A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska. The poles, the dancing lights, and the winter wonderlands have always attracted extreme travelers—but this time, there is more than the magical draw of the _______ that is inviting people up towards the corners of the globe: climate change.

There’s a strange form of climate anxiety, which is driving more people to places and sights that may _______ to exist in the coming years or decades. Alaska _______ the list of climate-tempted travel destinations. The northern and otherwise-serene Alaskan village of Kaktovik _______ a major boom in tourism last year, as over 2,000 people appeared on its lightly _______ gravel(砂砾) and snowy streets. Until earlier in the decade, local news reports say, the village had fewer than 50 annual visitors. The main _______ now are polar bears, which are being forced into towns by a warming planet and the shrinking Arctic sea ice. All the heating is making it far easier for wildlife _______ and effortless bear selfies. Most visitors are reportedly from China, Europe, or the USA, often arriving on fuel-consuming chartered planes.

Around the mid-1990s, researchers began _______ more female bears denning(筑巢) on land instead of in the ice. And seasons of tourism match up with changing bear behavior. It peaks in autumn (which is also far warmer and breezier than the forthcoming winter—and climate change is making things more pleasant in general) when sea ice is far from the shore, and bears can become _______ on the land until the sea freezes again in winter.

A report in the Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment found, “Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States.” This year, alarming temperatures were reported from Alaska. Every day since April 25 saw above ____________ temperatures, the longest streak in a century.

While bears have their charm, melting glaciers are a landscape in their own right. With ____________ like the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ____________ thought, the number of tourists on ice seems to be going up consistently. Alaska’s tour companies have reported an extraordinary increase—and the number of polar cruises reportedly went up 33 percent in the last decade. Some glaciers have been marked by the rate of melt for tourists to watch and imagine the ____________ from where they stand, much like visitors to the Berlin wall picture the past. As the landscape changes, tour companies have had to ____________ their regular routes and hikes too—some glaciers that had ____________ by foot only a decade ago can now only be reached by helicopter.

7 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _______ with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the _______ of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I’m skepetical(怀疑的）about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon _______ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _______ among tons of rubbish. I find a _______ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _______ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _______.

The best of a Kilimanjaro _______, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are _______ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ________ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ________ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ________— low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ________ gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ________ you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ________ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.

8 . Green Collar Section

What is ecotourism? According to the International Ecotourism Society, ecotourism can be defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and _______ the well-being of local people. That is to say, most ecotourism experiences are _______ at helping people to foster an appreciation of the environment, the conservation of wildlife, plants and resources, and respect and understanding of native _______.

Ecotourism is socially important because it provides a way for people to travel responsibly, and to learn about and respect the environment of these natural places. Ideally, ecotourism professionals organize and _______ an experience that demonstrates local environmental sustainability and cultural sensitivity for travelers.

At the university level, ecotourism programs are usually found in environmental science and recreation management departments. Students learn basic knowledge about different _______ of tourism (such as accommodation, transportation, business, organization, and hospitality) as well as conservational issues (such as _______ protection for wildlife and rational _______ of resources). And in more advanced programs, students will focus on nature-based education, such as and ecological issues. _______, it is also helpful, and sometimes _______, to be fluent in a foreign language, or students will not be able to hold a global insight. After graduation, it is also ________ for students to receive further career training programs, such as Group Dynamics for Ecotourism, Green Event Planning, Natural Resource Assessment and Planning, Intercultural Communications, Wilderness & Remote First Aid, etc, in order to become better adaptable to the updating job requirement.

As the threat to our planet ________ in many communities, their inhabitants are becoming more interested in the natural world around them and in ways to conserve the environment. Ecotourism is growing at three times the ________ of the tourism sector itself, and demanding more knowledgeable workers ________ to sustainability.

Jobs in ecotourism can be highly risky and adventurous, but also limited by season. Green travel employes generally work for private companies, government and public institutions, and nonprofits. Salaries in ecotourism ________ from field to field, but it helps to have a degree and some experience. Group leaders and travel guides are responsible for guiding tours through the ecosystems of various destinations ________ pointing out the benefits of green travel and a green lifestyle. Leaders and guides come from a wide range of backgrounds. Many will have experience in the tourism industry, while some will be scientists looking for positions in education.