Today, environmental problems have been the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to
Dust storms are common throughout the year and cover the entire planet for weeks, blocking sunlight from reaching the surface. Perhaps more
To live on Mars, we should find permanent shelter that
For now, human settlement of Mars is decades away. Regardless, it seems that humans
2 . Welcome to your future life!
You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2045, medical technology is better than ever. Many people at your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging (抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of you look the same age!
You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2045, “smart clothes” contain particles (粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.
You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says, “You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk, and it knows the milk is old. In 2045, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.
It’s time to go to work. In 2045, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such “smart technology” is all around you.
So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed,” says scientist Andrew Zolli, “it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one example—what will be the next?
1. What can we learn from the text that in the future?| A．People will never get old. | B．Everyone will look the same. |
| C．Red will be the most popular color. | D．Clothes will change their pattern. |
| A．Milk will be harmful to health. |
| B．More drinks will be available for sale. |
| C．Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information. |
| D．Milk and meat in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer. |
| A．Nothing can replace the Internet. |
| B．Fridges will know what people need. |
| C．Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide. |
| D．Cars will be able to drive automatically (自动地). |
| A．Future technology in daily life. |
| B．Medical treatment of the future. |
| C．Food and clothing in many years later. |
| D．The reason for the success of new technology. |
3 . If you could travel in time, where would you go? Perhaps you would watch an original performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period? Or maybe you’d voyage far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds.
The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years. Perhaps the best known example is the science fiction novel The Time Machine, which was written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895 for the first time. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations. It is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally used to refer to a vehicle transporting people into the far future.
But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme circumstances. And British physicist Stephen Hawking said you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship—going at nearly the speed of light. Though building such a spaceship would of course be no simple task.
Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveller were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveller wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time?
And would you really like to visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then voyages 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacles (触角). If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
1. The novel The Time Machine mentioned in Paragraph 2 aims to show .| A．people’s interest in time travel |
| B．the special features of the book |
| C．the long history of time travel |
| D．the contribution of H. G. Wells |
| A．have similarities in many ways |
| B．push the invention of the first spaceship |
| C．have proved wrong by some time travellers |
| D．suggest the possibility to invent the time machine |
| A．the traveller is prevented from meeting his grandfather |
| B．the traveller goes back in time to seek for his grandfather |
| C．the grandfather’s death makes the traveller’s birth impossible |
| D．The reunion of the traveller and his grandfather brings happiness |
| A．Unclear. | B．Skeptical. |
| C．Supportive. | D．Unconcerned. |
4 . It’s possible that interstellar space explorers could come across problems communicating with previous and subsequent arrivals, as their spoken language has changed in isolation along the way.
Regarding the issue, two American scholars, Andrew McKenzie and Jeffrey Punske, co-authored the article “Language Development During Interstellar Travel”. What has been discussed in the article is the concept of language change over time. They wrote that given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones.
In a recent interview, McKenzie gamed it out.
“If you’re on a spaceship for 10 generations, new concepts will emerge, new social issues will come up, and people will create ways of talking about them,” McKenzie said, “and these will become the vocabulary particular to the spaceship. People on Earth might never know about these words, unless there’s a reason to tell them. And the further away you get, the less you’re going to talk to people back home.”
So if we have Earth English and spaceship English, and they become different over the years, you will have to learn a little Earth English to send messages back, or to read the instruction manuals and information that come with the spaceship.
Also, keep in mind that the language back on Earth is going to change, too, during that time. So they may well be communicating like we’d be using Latin—communicating with this version of the language nobody uses.
The authors concluded that if a study of the linguistic changes aboard a spaceship could be performed, it would “add to its scientific value”.
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?| A．Two American scholars. | B．Interstellar space exploration. |
| C．Language evolution on Earth. | D．The article by McKenzie and Punske. |
| A．Offered a new concept. | B．Made a further study. |
| C．Gave a detailed explanation. | D．Lost the game completely. |
| A．They tend to communicate in Latin. |
| B．They keep themselves updated on Earth English. |
| C．They don’t-feel much like talking to people on Earth. |
| D．They switch from spaceship English to Earth English. |
| A．Why space travelers change their language. | B．How language is changed in the future time. |
| C．The language issue during interstellar travel. | D．New concepts of language created in a spaceship. |
5 . With over 4.1 billion people, or around 55 percent of the world’s population, living in urban areas, cities and towns worldwide are getting increasingly jammed. In addition to spending hours stuck in traffic, residents are also exposed to high air pollution levels caused by transportation emissions(排放). Now, Saudi Arabia hopes to overturn urban living with “The Line”—a futuristic city designed around nature, without cars, roads and crowded places!
The totally different city, announced on January 10, 2021, is the brainchild of Saudi Crown Prince(王储)Mohammed bin Salman(MBS).Located in Neom, a 10, 000-square-mile high-tech planned development on the Red Sea coast. The Line will be the base of MBS’s Saudi Vision 2030. The strategic plan aims to diversify Saudi Arabia’s oil-dependent economy into other fields, like tourism, and create exciting job opportunities for its citizens.
The 105-mile-long city, expected to cost between $100 billion and $200 billion, will be built along a straight line and comprise several self-sustaining communities. To ensure all services are within a short, five-minute walk, each community will feature a three-layer infrastructure(基础设施)．
There will be no cars or roads on the top “pedestrian layer”, so residents can freely walk and bike in the surrounding green spaces. The second “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schools, medical clinics, leisure facilities, and grocery stores. The third “spine layer” will house ultra-high-speed transportation and autonomous vehicles transporting residents across communities in less than 20 minutes. The entire city will be powered with renewable clean energy sources such as solar and wind, and possibly even hydrogen．
If all goes according to the plan, construction of this groundbreaking, complex infrastructure project will start before the end of 2021. In addition to providing up to a million residents with a clean and stress-free living environment, the Line is expected to create 380, 000 new jobs, promote economic diversification, and contribute a shocking $48 billion to Saudi Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP)by 2030. More importantly, MBS believes it will provide governments worldwide a blueprint for how people and planet can co-exist in harmony.
1. Where can you purchase a bike if living in The Line?| A．Pedestrian layer. | B．Service layer. |
| C．Spine layer. | D．The green spaces. |
| A．Widely-accepted. | B．Ill-considered. |
| C．Risk-taking. | D．Mind-blowing. |
| A．To facilitate Saudi economic diversification. |
| B．To offer a model for nature-man integration. |
| C．To boost the government’s finances. |
| D．To create more job opportunities. |
| A．Saudi Vision for Environmental Protection |
| B．The Construction of The Line Is Underway |
| C．MBS：An Influential Leader of Saudi Arabia |
| D．MBS’ Vision of a Futuristic Zero Carbon City |
6 . Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of tiny sensors, big data and other technologies to become more responsive to its residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities livable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.
Kris Carter, co-chair of the Mayor's Office of New Urban Mechanics, rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014.It started with an app that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city checked those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair workers used to prioritize (确定优先顺序) their work.
The system worked beautifully，except for one problem: most of the alerts came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone-equipped residents was highest. "The complaints that had been coming in from the app didn't always reveal the greatest community need for repairs," explains Carter.
Boston's high-tech initiatives shouldn't disproportionately (不成比例地) benefit the already well-resourced. Under Carter, technology is getting into the city's functioning and daily life, but with a special eye to serving those populations and neighborhoods that need the most support. "What we want to know is how to target problems in a smart way that addresses both needs and equity (公正) goals," he says.
Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy (精通科技产品的) residents and high-tech companies drive the process. Instead，they run meetings in local libraries and other public spaces to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips. In addition to its smartphone app, it hired people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition.
Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives.
1. What is Boston like now?| A．It's well-equipped. | B．It's old-fashioned. |
| C．It's highly livable. | D．It's badly maintained. |
| A．It gets many inaccurate reports. |
| B．It fails to serve the whole society. |
| C．It always makes repair workers copfused. |
| D．It is ranked very low among various apps. |
| A．They rolled out a second app. |
| B．They reduced the running costs. |
| C．They asked the neighborhood for help. |
| D．They employed people to collect repair tips. |
| A．A commonly-adopted model was launched. |
| B．A smart city involves more than technology. |
| C．The app-backed system makes the city smarter. |
| D．The disadvantaged voiced complaints about high-tech. |
People are always buying things because they want to get the
In the past, new inventions brought many products into our houses, but digital technology often
Secondly, digital technology supports a
To sum up, digital technology will
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I always dream life in the future. What will it be like?
Perhaps some people will go to the moon for the holiday, and some people may live under the sea and in pace. Besides, probably there’ll be more educational program on the Internet. And therefore, students will be able to study at home instead of go to school every day. What’s more, maybe in the future each family will have a robot, that will be able to do whatever it was told to, such as going to shopping, doing housework and so on.
With the breakthrough of technology, I believe that their life will certainly become easier, happy and more colorful.
9 . It seems that we are one step closer to finding alien life and maybe a future home for humanity. Scientists from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) have found a new solar system filled with planets that look like Earth and could even support life.
The group of seven planets, which orbits a star called Trappist-1, is 40 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius(水瓶座). And three of them are in the so-called “habitable (宜居的)zone” ----the area around a star where liquid water is most likely to be found. This is important because water is a necessary ingredient for life.
All of the planets were found using a method called “transit photometry.” This works by watching out for when a planet passes in front of its host start. This blocks out a small amount of light, allowing us to see the planet and learn about its size.
“This is an amazing planetary system---not only because we have found so many planets, but because they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth,” astronomer Michael Gillon from the University of Liege in Belgium told The Independent.
Trappist-1 is a “dwarf star (矮星)” which is colder and shines dimmer than our sun. If a person were on one of the seven planets, everything would look a lot darker than usual. The amount of light heading toward our eyes would be about 200 times less than we get from the sun, according to The Independent.
Because of that, Trappist-1, together with many other dwarf stars, was never on the list of places where scientists look for alien life. but Michael Gillon, lead researcher behind the discovery, decided to give dwarf stars a chance. He built a telescope in Chile to observe 60 of the closest dwarf stars, and it turned out that Trappist-1 was worthy of the effort.
The researchers hope that they can spend more time watching the newly found planets to learn more about them. Even though more research is needed before determining whether these planets could really support life, the discovery is still encouraging. It shows just how many Earth-size planets could be out there.
“The discovery gives us a hint that finding a second Earth is not just a matter of if, but when,” NASA scientist Thomas Zurbuchen told the Telegraph.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the newly found planets?| A．It will take human beings about 40 years to travel to them |
| B．Some of them might have the proper conditions to support life |
| C．They are spread out in the habitable zone around Trappist-1 |
| D．Underground ice has been found in some them |
| A．tell apart different stars |
| B．test the brightness of stars |
| C．search for and measure planets |
| D．work out the distance between stars |
| A．scientists will soon find an Earth-like planet that can support human life |
| B．researchers know a little about the environment on the newly found planets |
| C．dwarf stars have long been a popular choice in the hunt for Earth-like planets |
| D．the size of a planet is the top concern when scientists search for a “second Earth” |
| A．Life in space soon? |
| B．Any aliens in space? |
| C．Trappist-1, a dark dwarf star |
| D．New record, seven new solar systems |
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星）in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system
Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory’s founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression’s dark encroachment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all. We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
1. Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
| A．Because it lost its major planet status. |
| B．Because it disappeared in the sky. |
| C．Because it was discovered by an American. |
| D．Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe. |
| A．An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh |
| B．Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy |
| C．Pluto’s Strange Romance |
| D．The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania |
| A．Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression. |
| B．Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh. |
| C．Clyde Tombaugh’s job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory. |
| D．Clyde Tombaugh’s telescopes used for searching stars were very simple. |
| A．Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system. |
| B．Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system. |
| C．Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky. |
| D．Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet. |
