1 . The fact that ants are fascinating insects has been known for some time. Now, scientists have discovered a large number of wood ants living in an abandoned underground storehouse in Templewo, Poland, despite having no obvious source of food.

Polish zoologist Wojciech Czechowski and his team began studying the underground colony in 2013. They found the ants built a 60-cm high nest in the soil directly over the storehouse vertical air pipe. As years passed, the metal covering on the pipe eroded, leaving behind a hole that thousands of worker ants accidentally slip into each day as they go about their daily chores. The scientists say that there are no sources of food in the storehouse. This means that the insects live in a state of near starvation.

In July 2015, the researchers disturbed part of the ant nest in search of larvae (幼虫), cocoons(茧), and queens. They found nothing, leading them to suspect that the lack of food and cold temperatures made reproduction impossible and that the group tending the nest is entirely made up of non-reproductive female workers. Their population is refilled every year, by a new rain of unfortunate ants that slide down the hole. The researchers say that when they returned in January 2016, the nest had been repaired. It appears that despite the terrible conditions, the worker ants do not stop constructing their nest.

Wood ants are known for their ability to adapt to bad living conditions. In this case, the millions of worker ants trapped in the storehouse have no choice. But instead of losing hope, they are making the best of the situation—a classic example of “when life gives you lesions make lemonade.”

1. How did the wood ants arrive in the storehouse?

A．They fell down there by accident.

B．The research team brought them there.

C．The storehouse builders left them there.

D．They were attracted by the environment.

2. What does the underlined word “eroded” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Expanded.	B．Rotted.
C．Exploded.	D．Melted.

3. What did the researchers find in the nest?

A．Larvae.	B．Cocoons.
C．A queen.	D．Worker ants.

4. Why did the population of wood ants remain steady?

A．They had enough food.

B．They were able to reproduce.

C．They adapted to the conditions.

D．They had new comers to join them.

2 . Climate change will increase US wildfires,and the smoky air will cause terrible problems in areas far beyond those burned,reports an environmental group Thursday.

Two-thirds of Americans,or nearly 212 million,lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago,according to the report by the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC).These areas,which had smoke for at least a week,were nearly 50 times greater than those burned directly by fire.

“It affects a much wide area of the United States than people have realized.” says author Kim Knowlton,a Columbia University health professor,adding the smoke can move up to hundreds of miles.She says the smoke contains air pollution and can cause several kinds of diseases.

Texas was hit hardest in 2011,when smoke stayed for at least a week in areas that are home to 25 million people,according to NRDC’s report.Illinois,which recorded no wildfires within its borders, came second with nearly 12 million people affected by smoke that moved in from elsewhere.The other eight states with the most people in touch with smoky air were,in descending   order: Florida,Missouri,Georgia,Louisiana,Michigan,Alabama,Oklahoma and Iowa.

Nearly two dozen states had no wildfires within their borders in 2011,but eight of them still had at least one week of smoky air: Illinois,Missouri，Iowa,Kansas,Nebraska,Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio.

Only 18 states and the District of Columbia had no people in touch with at least a week of smoke that year,although five of them—Alaska,California,Hawaii,Nevada and Utah—had a large area burned by wildfires.

The problem will only get worse.Knowlton says.Scientific research shows climate is causing higher temperatures and health problems.

1. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_______.

A．climate change killed many Americans

B．there are fewer states burned by wildfires

C．every state had wildfire smoke for at least a week

D．most Americans suffered from wildfire smoke 3 year ago

2. Which of the following states had wildfires within its borders in 2011?

A．Iowa.	B．Kansas.
C．Ohio.	D．California.

3. The underlined word “descending” in the fourth paragraph probably means _______.

A．going down	B．coming true
C．looking practical	D．turning back

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Climate change causes more wildfires.

B．Wildfire smoke becomes a serious health problem.

C．More wildfires cause climate changes.

D．Air pollution becomes a terrible problem.

3 . 假设你是李华，是一家英文报社的记者，你的家乡正在遭受洪水袭击，请你根据以下提示给报社写一篇100词左右的报道。
1．大雨三天三夜，田野、村庄全部被淹。
2．昨夜洪水来袭，村民在水中挣扎。
3．解放军全力抢救，村民转移到堤岸。
4．政府关心，帐篷、食物、药品等陆续到来。
参考词汇：解放军the PLA men
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4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dogs are     1    very popular pet. Most of them just live with their families. But some dogs have special jobs     2    (do). A group of dogs     3    (know) as “Therapy Dogs.” These dogs are family pets with special training,     4    allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people     5    need. The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet. Loud noises and unfamiliar places don’t frighten them. They enjoy spending time with people.
Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes. When the dogs visit the patients, the patients are cheered up. They have fun     6    (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits. The dogs help to brighten their day. Therapy dogs can improve people’s health as well. Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood     7    (press) and heart rates go down.     8    (they) mood improves.
Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries. They serve as     9    (friend) to children, but they also do     10    (much). In one town in California, therapy dogs have become children’s reading buddies. The dogs make a great audience. The children look forward to reading to the dogs, and the dogs love the attention.

5 . 书面表达
目前，街头出现了越来越多的猫与狗，对此你们班同学们组织了一场讨论：城市内是否可以饲养宠物。根据下表所提供的信息，介绍讨论情况，并说明自己的观点和建议。

支持饲养宠物	反对饲养宠物	你的观点
1． 安慰孤寡老人 2． 人与动物和谐相处，增添生活情趣	1． 造成环境污染 2． 吵闹声，甚至伤人	……

注意：1．词数100左右。2．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。
3．开头语已为你写好。
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities.
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6 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Winter begins in the north on December 22nd. People and animals have been doing what they always do to prepare for the colder months, Sqzeirrels, for example, have been busy gathering nuts from trees.     1    They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana. The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut trees.    2    The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests.

Rob Swihart of Purdue University did the study with Jake Goheen, a former Purdue student now at the University of New Mexico. The two researchers estimate that several times as many walnuts grow when gathered by gray squirrels as compared to red squirrels. Gray squirrels and red squirrels do not store nuts and seeds in the same way. Gray squirrels bury nuts one at a time in a number of places.    3    So some nuts remain in the ground. Conditions are right for them to develop and grow the following spring. Red squirrels, however, store large groups of nuts above ground.

    4    But Professor Swihart says their numbers began to decrease as more forests were cut for agriculture. Red squirrels began to spread through the state during the past century. The researchers say red squirrels are native to forests that stay green all year, unlike walnut trees. They say the cleaning of forest land for agriculture has helped red squirrels invade Indiana.    5    

A．Gray squirrels are native to Indiana.

B．But they seldom remember where they buried every nut.

C．Red squirrels bury nuts in a different way.

D．The black walnut is the nut of choice for both kinds of squirrels.

E．Jake Goheen calls them a sign of an environmental problem more than a cause.

F．Scientists are worried that they will drive away the gray squirrels.

G．Well, scientists have been busy gathering information about what the squirrels do with the food they collect.

7 . Mars appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer,scientists reported Monday. “It suggests that it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars,” NASA’s science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015. The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said.

“What we’re dealing with is wet soil, thin layers of wet soil, not standing water,” said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson, the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment.

Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.

The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASA’s goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.

       The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year.

Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.

The source of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere. Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there’s life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth — something a U. S. lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.

1. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Streams of Water Spotted on Mars	B．Astronauts will land on Mars
C．NASA’s Mars Exploration Program	D．A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars

2. According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be              on Mars.

A．salty water

B．standing water

C．rocket fuel

D．human beings

3. Scientists are uncertain about the               of the water on Mars.

A．state

B．source

C．temperature

D．taste

4. What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?

A．The distance from the sun.	B．The favorable climate.
C．The gravity of the earth	D．The salt in it.

8 . For career changers thinking about growth and advancement potential, forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories: Green is the way to go. According to Bracken Hendricks, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Progress, careers that promote environmental responsibility will become main stream within a decade. “The growth in green careers will be like the Internet boom, which not only created new jobs, but also had an influence on the overall economy,” he says.
The increasing environmental problems and need for eco-friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs. Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy-saving products and services. It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of green-collar jobs. Doesn’t the data look promising for the future?
Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chances for all. And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind. As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way. The increasing demand of newer resources has creating the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environment-friendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
Where can you find green-collar jobs? Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs.
1. Why does Bracken Hendricks mention the Internet Boom in Paragraph One?

A．To explain the importance of technology.

B．To provide evidence of his recent research.

C．To inform us of the way of finding green-collar jobs.

D．To indicate the bright future of green careers.

2. Which of the following probably creates green-collar jobs?

A．Promoting services.

B．Developing new resources.

C．Consuming fossil fuels.

D．Training employees.

3. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?

A．The requirements for green employees.

B．The development of the green industry.

C．The job chances in the environmental industry.

D．The economic influence of green careers.

4. The passage is written to _______.

A．discuss eco-friendly services

B．suggest ways of saving energy at work

C．introduce promising career chances

D．explain the best method of finding jobs

9 . 假定你是李华，暑假期间去某个岛上游玩，看见有很多可爱的动物。听岛上的一位老人说，现在动物的数量日渐减少，如果不采取措施，有些动物会有绝迹的危险。回来后你给野生动物保护协会写信，就保护动物提出以下建议：
1. 制定保护动物的法律
2. 建立动物保护区
3. 提高公众保护动物的意识
提示：提高---意识：raise one’s awareness     保护区：set up natural reserve
日渐减少 decrease year by year   处于灭绝的危险be in danger of extinction
注意：1. 词数：100词左右；开头和结尾已给出，该部分不计入总词数。
2. 涵盖所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当增加细节。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my opinion on how to protect animals on the island I visited last weekend.
______          _                                                              ________
______          _                                                              ________
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Please help the poor animals. I am sure that they will survive with your help.
Yours,
Li Hua

10 . 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As is well-known that birds are our friends. But the large number of birds have been killed for food. The other day I was walking in the woods while a shot was heard. Hearing the shot, the bird in the trees flew to all directions. A bird was injured badly and looked sadly. Finding the bird injured, so I decided to take it home. At home I take good care of it. When it recovered, I returned itself to the woods. I hope something should be done to prevent birds from killed.