1 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Sam was a junior high school student. He lived in a community in Charlotte and usually had little exposure to country life. So much of what he knew about plants came from text-books. Sam was a kind-hearted person. He longed for a chance to explore nature and he wanted to do his part to beautify the world.

Finally, the opportunity came. On Arbor Day (植树节), his class organized a trip to a local village to plant trees. Sam was excited about it and couldn’t wait to tell his mom the good news. So the next day, Sam and his mom went to buy some tools for planting trees, including a shovel(铲), a bucket, gloves and so on.

On the day of the event, Sam and his classmates arrived early at the starting point. It was a beautiful day and everyone looked particularly happy. With the tools in hand, Sam got into the bus with everyone else and headed off to their destination.

As soon as they reached the village, all the students were divided into three teams by their teacher. One team was responsible for planting the trees, one team for shovelling the soil and one team for watering the trees. At the teacher’s command, everyone started to do their job.

However, it was the first time that many of the students had taken part in planting trees, so they had no idea about how to start. Of course, Sam was one of them. Fortunately, their teacher was a middle-aged man from the countryside who had some knowledge of planting trees. In order to set an example to the students, the teacher started to plant trees himself. After watching the teacher plant the trees, everyone also became busy. Before long, they planted hundreds of trees. Sam watched very carefully, not wanting to miss any of the details. Finally, Sam learned how to plant trees by himself and felt happy.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A few days later, a storm damaged some young trees in the community.

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The neighbours praised Sam for what he had done.

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2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For centuries, Tibet has not been explored as much due to its remote    1    (locate), extreme climate and geographic environment. Since 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway    2    (become) the most popular way to connect Tibet to the rest of China.    3    (know) as the “sky road” and a man-made wonder in transportation, the railway begins in Xining and ends in Lhasa. The scenery along the railway offers not only a feast for the eyes, but also    4    journey for the soul.

Qinghai Lake is the    5    (large) inland lake in China. Be it the blue sky and water, the green grassland or breathtaking landscapes-Qinghai Lake has great charms that are worth exploring. It is    6    (definite) a perfect place for bird lovers as many different kinds of birds fly here in May and June due to the mild weather.

The high peaks of the Kunlun Mountains are covered with snow and mist all year round,    7    (create) an amazing view. The geographic and severe climatic conditions have made this place a “forbidden zone for humans”, which is also a reason    8     its biodiversity.

Lhasa offers almost every aspect of Tibetan culture. If one must pick a name card for Lhasa, the Potala Palace is very likely     9    (be) the answer. No one can really say that he has visited Lhasa     10    he has been to the Potala Palace.

3 . Electric cars are already greener than petrol cars in almost every part of the world today, according to researchers. They say electric vehicles are “a no-regret choice” even in places where power nets haven’t gone fully green.

Some previous comparisons suggested petrol cars produce lower net carbon emissions (净碳排放量) over their lifetime than battery- powered cars. Yet these analyses have often compared only two fixed models of cars.

Instead, the researchers from Radboud University looked at the average emissions across many classes of car to get a clearer global picture. It includes during its production, while it is being driven and when it is broken, for all the petrol and electric cars sold in 59 areas across the world in 2015. They connected with information of those areas in the following years and found that the electric vehicles are greener than the new petrol cars. Electric vehicles already have lower net carbon emissions in 53 of those 59 areas. Only in some countries that use coal heavily, such as India and Poland, are electric car emissions worse than those of petrol cars.

The researchers say that the differences between petrol and electric cars on the carbon emissions will grow bigger as power stations get greener. By 2030, they expect the carbon emissions of electric cars to be 20 percent lower than that in 2015, and 30 percent lower by 2050. The suggestions for governments are clear, says Knobloch.“There is no need to wait. Don’t be confused by all those different results out there. It’s a no-regret choice already.”

1. Why did the former comparison show petrol cars more greener?

A．It was too simple.

B．It had no scientific basis.

C．It lacked experimental evidence.

D．It lacked enough reference objects.

2. How many areas do electric cars have higher net carbon emissions?

A．6.

B．53.

C．59.

D．112.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Petrol cars will be fully replaced.

B．The carbon emissions of electric cars will be zero.

C．Power stations will get huge advance technologically.

D．Petrol cars’ pollution will force people to buy electric cars.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To state the development of electric cars.

B．To tell readers how to choose an electric car.

C．To show electric cars are greener than petrol cars.

D．To state the differences between petrol and electric cars.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR COP14) took place in Wuhan, Hubei Province in November. It was the first time that China    1    (host) this international event.    2    (know) as the kidneys (肾脏)of the Earth, wetlands are among the world’s three major ecosystems together with forests and oceans. China’s wetlands arc vast. diverse and widely distributed (分布),    3    (range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone. In recent years. China has been strengthening the protection and restoration of wetlands.    4    is remarkable is that more than 600 wetland nature reserves and 1.600 wetland parks have been established. China’s first law on    5    (specific) protecting wetlands took effect on June 1 this year.

Wuhan, the host city of RAMSAR COP 14. has 162,400 hectares (公顷) of wetlands, accounting    6    18. 9 per cent of its total area. In June,Wuhan    7    (award) Wetland City Accreditation by the Ramsar Convention,    8    international honor for the protection of urban wetland ecology.

Nature provides the basic conditions for human    9    (survive) and development. With a comprehensive approach to the conservation of ecosystems in place. China aims to boost their biodiversity, stability and sustainability. Wetland conservation is a crucial part of the country’s efforts to achieve    10    (it) green development goals.

5 . Recently, Venetia Berry, an artist in London, counted up the free cotton tote bags that she had accumulated in her closet. There were at least 25. “You get them without choosing,”   Ms. Berry said. Cotton bags have become a means for retailers, brands and supermarkets to telegraph a planet-friendly value - or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging.

So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton totes may actually have created a new problem.

An organic cotton tote needs to be used 20,000 times to offset its overall impacts or production, according to a 2018 study by the Ministry of Environment and Food Denmark. That is equivalent to daily use for 54 years --- or just one bag. According to that, it all 25 of her tote hags were organic, Ms. Berry would have to live for more than a thousand years.

“Cotton uses pesticides (if it’s not organically grown) and it is so water intensive,” said Maxine Bédar, a director at the New Standard Institute, a nonprofit focused on fashion and sustainability And she has “yet to find a municipal compost( 城市堆肥) that accepts textiles like cotton - something that’s much easier said than done”. Even when a tote does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto totes are PVC-based and thus not recyclable: they “have to be cut out of the cloth”, said Christopher Stanev; the co-founder of Evrnu, a seattle- based textile recycling firm. Then there is the issue of turning old cloth into new, which is almost as energy intensive as making it in the first place.

“The cotton tote dilemma”, said Laura Balmond, the manager for the Make Fashion Circular campaign, “is a really good example of unintended consequences of people trying to make positive choices, and not understanding the full landscape”.

1. Why did companies introduce cotton bags?

A．To lower packaging costs.

B．To cater to people’s fashion sense.

C．To shape an eco-friendly brand image.

D．To consume fewer natural resources.

2. What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Evaluate.

B．Achieve.

C．Enhance.

D．Balance.

3. Which of the following is a problem with cotton bags?

A．Low profitability.

B．Waste management.

C．Water pollution.

D．Lack of recyclability.

4. What is Laura Balmond’s understanding of the promotion of cotton bags?

A．It is a successful story.

B．It fails to win people’s support.

C．It benefits fashion brands.

D．It is a short-sighted decision.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

During summer vacation when I was twelve, a sawmill (锯木厂) was operating in the woods near our farm. Early each morning, I’d watch the men cut down big trees, saw them into logs, and deliver the logs to the mill.

The logs were dragged by a team of horses named Jack and Billy. They were gentle, and I petted them every chance I got.

One day, Mr. David, the mill owner, said he’d pay me 15 cents a day to bring fresh water to his men. In 1942, that was a lot of money! I said yes.

One afternoon when Jack and Billy were pulling a log up to the mill, a stick injured Jack’s right front hoof (蹄). After Mr. David removed the stick, the horse driver said that the foot should be doctored. But Mr. David said he didn’t have time for that. He said if the horse couldn’t earn his keep, he’d get one that could.

I felt sick inside. Jack and Billy were my best friends! I couldn’t stop thinking about Jack’s foot and what Mr. David had said.

For the rest of the day the team pulled logs from the woods. By nightfall, Jack was limping badly. Mr. David told his crew that the mill would be closed for three days because he’d be away for the Fourth of July. He offered to pay me a dollar to feed and water the horses while he was gone. I quickly agreed.

The next morning, I rode my bike to Mr. David’s barn. I wanted to look at Jack’s hoof. I reached down and grabbed the hair on the back of his leg, as I’d seen Mr. David do, and Jack lifted up his foot so I could see.

The part inside of the big iron shoe looked red and mushy (烂糊的).

I didn’t know anything about medicine, and Mr. David said he wouldn’t pay for a doctor. But if he didn’t earn his keep, Mr. David would get rid of him. But what could I do?

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

At my house, I saw our neighbor, Mr. Sherman who raised horses and knew how to care for them.

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The morning when Mr. David returned, I jumped on my bike to the mill.

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7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the village of Liuke in South China’s Hainan province, houses     1    (build) with dark bricks and red windows stand quietly among tall, green coconut trees. The village’s name     2    (suggest) hospitality(好客) as its English translation is “guests stay”.

Liuke is one of the ancient villages     3    (sit) on the plains in the lower reaches of the Wanquan River in Hainan. There is a classic Chinese folk song,     4     sings in praise of the clear water of the river. Different from the rapid water currents and mountainous landscape upstream, the lower reaches of the river flows     5     (smooth).

For hundreds of years,     6    (local) built villages and townships amid rainforests along the river. Liuke village is one of them. In recent years, in answer     7     the country’s rural revitalization drive(乡村振兴运动), authorities     8    (make) efforts to attract tourists to the village with sightseeing and entertainment programs. For instance, villagers and tourists can admire the beauty of the Wanquan River along a 1.2-km-long “landscape belt”.

To attract young people, village authorities have developed programs such as riverside camping and kayaking. “The     9    (transform) of the village not only attracted tourists,     10     helped retain(留住) villagers,” says local official Wang Kelu, adding that they can earn a salary by working in the village.

8 . “We’re getting brighter and brighter and brighter,” warns Paul Bogard, author of the upcoming book, End of Night: Searching for Natural Darkness in an Age of Artificial Light.

Bogard says the developed world’s desire to light up the night has gotten out of control. “Things like gas stations and parking lots are lit now 10 times as bright as they were just 20 years ago,” Bogard tells Celeste Headlee, host of weekends on All Things Considered. “It has everything to do with marketing, really. The gas station at the corner has figured out that if they turn up the lights, more people will be attracted to those lights.”

And, Bogard says, all that light is having some unintended consequences. For one, it affects our sleeping patterns, he says. Others say the effects of light pollution are worse, which involve the bird migration (迁徙), and humans’ extra weight problems.

Richard Stevens, an epidemiologist at the University of Connecticut Health Center, was one of the first to make the connection between bright, artificial light and breast cancer. Stevens’ research found that artificial light can interrupt our body clock — and affect our production of melatonin (褪黑激素). “We know for sure that the lighting in the modern world can interrupt our body clock, and that cannot be good,” Stevens tells Headlee.

Cities such as Santa Rosa, Calif., and Brainerd, Minn., are turning off a certain number of streetlights. Even Paris seems willing to cut down on its illumination (照明) to reduce light pollution.

The French Environment Ministry recently announced that starting this summer, office buildings and storefronts will have to turn off artificial lights between the hours of 1 a.m. and 7 a.m. Major landmarks like the Eiffel Tower will continue to be lit.

Yet Bogard says he hopes Paris will lead a lighting revolution. “The fact that Paris, the city of lights, is choosing to control their use of light at night is fantastic, and can serve as a model for cities all over the world,” he said.

Perhaps, someday soon, we’ll get off the subway, look up at the dark city sky, and see the stars of the Milky Way again.

1. Why do gas stations turn up lights?

A．To attract customers.	B．To ensure safety.
C．To motivate employees.	D．To comfort the passers-by.

2. What concerned Richard Stevens about the lighting?

A．It may cause overweight.

B．It may lead to a waste of resources.

C．It might affect the migration of birds.

D．It may contribute to breast cancer.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The subway will shorten its service hours.

B．We are losing the beautiful dark sky view with the stars.

C．The night lighting of the Eiffel Tower will be turned off.

D．We won’t see the artificial lights of office buildings at midnight.

4. In which section of a website can the text be found?

A．Business.

B．Education.

C．Life kit.

D．Environment.

9 . The first rule of popular science is to reveal the wonder and mystery of the world. For that reason, Sentient (Picador), written by photographer and wildlife film-maker Jackie Higgins, is my pick of the year. According to my interviews with many readers, I select other four newly-published books in 2022.

Delicious

This book describes how our ancestors hunted and consumed ancient animals such as mammoths, bison, giant camels and many more now-extinct species. The diet of the Clovis peoples of North America was a menu described as “a record of a lost world”. This book explains how our dinners robbed the world of so many large animals. It gives inspiration for how modern humans can be at peace with nature.

The New Climate War

In 1999, Mann published a graph showing the rapid post-industrial rise in global temperatures. Two decades later, his book The New Climate War remains convinced that we can prevent climate change. This book sets out a common-sense approach to carbon pricing and a revision of the Green New Deal. Of course, there are still many people who deny that climate change is even happening.

The Geodesic Dome

Physicist Kate Greene imagines that she spends four months in a geodesic dome in Hawaii, with five other people, to mimic living in a colony on another planet. The story describes the future of our Earth. Kate makes readers cherish the natural environment. “No sunshine on our skin, and no fresh air in our lungs,” Greene turns the frustrations into a moving story.

Florida Scrub-Jay

The birds were once common across the peninsula. But as development over the last 100 years reduced the habitats on which the bird depends, the species became endangered. Mark Walters travels the state to report on the natural history and the current situation of Florida’s flag ship birds. This book can raise people’s awareness of protecting the birds’ habitats.

1. What can we infer about the author from the text?

A．He’s a column journalist.	B．He’s a scientist.
C．He’s a film-maker.	D．He’s a photographer.

2. Which book might be science fiction?

A．Delicious.	B．Florida Scrub-Jay.
C．The Geodesic Dome.	D．The New Climate War.

3. What do the listed books have in common?

A．They have happy endings.	B．They record the natural history.
C．They face doubts from many scientists.	D．They involve the environmental protection.

10 . It has long been thought that only humans have personalities, but in recent decades, personalities have been found in animals from spiders to apes. Personalities have been linked to cognitive capabilities, like academic or work performance in humans. Thus in a new research article, Vedrana Slipogor and his colleagues from University of Vienna focused on exploring whether such a link is also present in many common marmosets (狨猴).

The researchers first individually assessed the personalities of these monkeys by measuring their reactions in various tasks, like their engagement with novel or strange objects, new types of food, or time needed to approach a toy snake. With the help of these tasks, they found that some monkeys were very explorative and bold (大胆自信的), while others rather tried to avoid the novel objects presented to them and keep a distance.

The researchers then assessed the monkeys’ learning performance in several learning tasks. For instance, in the simpler learning tasks, the monkeys were trained to hold a target training stick, to stand on a weighing scale (磅秤), and to reach the furthest point in the test set-up. The monkeys’ learning skills were also tested in other tasks, which were more challenging, where they had to either form an association between objects of the same size, but of different colors and shapes, or between objects that had the same features, but had different sizes. The results show that personalities could predict the learning speed in these monkeys. And the bold monkeys learned faster than the shy ones across different tasks.

Finally the researchers tested the learning performance of the female marmosets and male ones separately. The results also have differences.

1. How did the researchers evaluate the marmosets’ personalities?

A．By comparing them with bold human beings.

B．By measuring how they responded to different tasks.

C．By observing their speed of finishing tough tasks.

D．By letting them play with different kinds of monkeys.

2. What do we know about marmosets?

A．There is no difference in their personalities.

B．Their personalities affect how fast they learn.

C．They can tell the numbers on a weighing scale.

D．They tend to avoid approaching strange objects.

3. What is most likely to be discussed following the last paragraph?

A．Marmosets’ ability to distinguish objects’ shapes.

B．The challenges marmosets face when learning skills.

C．The research about shy and bold marmosets ‘learning speed.

D．Different learning performance of female and male marmosets.

4. What is the text probably taken from?

A．A chemistry paper.	B．A history book.
C．A science magazine.	D．A travel journal.