1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式答案写在答题卡上。

According to a new report by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), the deadly heat waves, floods     1     droughts are disturbing the     2     (life) of thousands of people from the American West to southern Europe and central China. And they will be likely only to get     3     (bad) as global temperatures continue to rise. “So far, all regions of the world     4     (affect) by some extremes,” says Sonia Seneviratne, an environmental     5     (science). “We can link extreme weather to climate change in     6     same way we can link cancer to smoking,” says Friederike Otto, one of the report’s authors. And, like smoking, the damage is hard     7     (disappear), Otto says. The most important thing, experts say, is to make sure these events don’t grow even more common and intense     8     they are now. “I feel     9     (strong) that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now,” says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher. To limit global warming to just 2℃, Wehner says, “It’s my feeling that we would have to do something rather extreme.” Something extreme, he adds, means completely     10     (get) rid of consumption of coal, oil, and natural gas.

2 . Imagine your smartphone’s screen gets broken, or your favourite boots get a hole in them. What do you do? You could buy a replacement. Or you could join the worldwide trend of taking your broken stuff to a “repair café”.

The Bower Reuse and Repair Centre has just launched Australia’s first repair café, in Sydney’s inner west. The crowd-funded project will hold weekly repair sessions focusing on bikes, furniture and electrical items.

The first repair café was set up in Amsterdam in 2009, and the Repair Cafe Foundation says there are now more than 400 around the world. A repair café is a free face-to-face meeting of skilled volunteers and local residents who want things fixed. Visitors bring broken items from home and watch, learn or help as the repairs get done. Some things are fixed during the event, while for more challenging items people might be referred to local speciality repair shops.

Last year, according to the ABS, Australians sent more than half a million tons of leather to landfill—more than ten times the amount that was reused or recycled. Mending represents an attempt to resist the throwaway culture. Repair cafés get people talking and give them the chance to network and learn about the local resources available. And, perhaps most surprisingly for anyone who considers mending to be some kind of drudgery, repair cafés can be fun and creative.

“In a circular economy, repair cafés fit right in”, says the organiser Martine Postma. In rejecting buy-use-throw, the circular economy aims to keep resources moving around in the economy, rather than moving them through it to a dead end, where they cannot be put into valuable use.

It might be quicker and easier to throw stuff in the bin, but it’s more expensive and less fun too.

1. What can we know about the repair café in Sydney?

A．It’s financed by the government.	B．Its visitors are involved in the fixing.
C．It’s the first repair café in the world.	D．All items are fixed during the event.

2. Why does the author discuss landfill in paragraph 4?

A．To stress the difficulty of landfill.	B．To indicate the urgency of reusing.
C．To support the throwaway culture.	D．To show the influence of repair cafés.

3. What does the underlined word “drudgery” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Special network.	B．Weekly meetings.
C．Unpleasant work.	D．Interesting games.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Places to Meet Up and Drink

B．Repair and Share Every Month

C．Repair Cafes Continue the Art of Mending

D．Repair Cafes Fix Things- Including the Economy

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In a new cartoon named Turtle Journey, Greenpeace UK, an environmental organization,     1    (highlight) ocean destruction from the perspective of a family of sea turtles.

    2     (create) the film, Greenpeace UK teamed up with Aardman Animations, as well as Oscar-winning actors and stars. The    3     (power) film follows the family of turtles as they make their way across the seafloor to their home on a coral reef.

“Our ocean has been driven to breaking point during     4     past few years but it's a story that doesn't get told often enough,” says Will Mccallum, head of ocean at Greenpeace UK. Ocean damage is     5     (serious) affecting sea turtles and other sea creatures, many of which are faced     6    extinction at present.

“The story of this turtle family     7     (attempt) to get home in the damaged and changing ocean is a     8     (real) for many ocean creatures that are having their habitats destroyed due to human activity,” says actress Olivia Colman,     9    voices a character in the film. “It is my hope     10     this film can inspire more people to take action to protect our ocean.”

4 . 语法填空

Since mid-July, a large part of Henan province has seen many heavy rains, during     1     time the rainfall over a few days in Henan exceeds (超过) that of a typical year, according to local officials. It was the first time that we     2     (suffer) such heavy rains in several days. Last month, more than 9.3 million people in Henan     3     (report) to have been affected by floods, with over hundreds of people     4     (lose) their lives. The government said that by 29^th July, huge funds had been raised by     5     (count) organizations and individuals voluntarily. Lots of netizens released videos of support and     6     (encourage) to people affected by the heavy rains,     7     (inspire) them to be more active in responding to frequent extreme weather changes.

We are reminded how fragile we human beings are when faced     8     natural disasters. Despite being struck, we firmly believe that our government will pay     9     it takes to save her people. As     10     matter of fact, rainstorm has no sympathy, but people have love.

5 . Cheng Gang is a home renovation (整修) worker in Zhongzhai Town, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. Living in a three-story building with his family, he has a steady income. It is hard to imagine that he used to worry about where his next meal will come from a few years ago.

At that time, he lived in Daping Village and grew corn for a low income. The village sits in the steep mountains at an elevation of 1,800 meters, where wild monkeys are commonly seen. To the villagers, the naughty monkeys are both their old neighbors and a big trouble. Chen’s cornfields were damaged by them from time to time.

To protect the ecological environment while solving the problem of poverty, the government carried out a relocation policy by moving residents to Zhongzhai in early 2017. The policy has bought changes to Chen and other villagers. The goal of the policy was not just to relocate villagers but make their lives better and solve practical problems after the move.

The mountain roads were steep in Daping. Children had to walk five kilometers for over one hour to school. And during rainy days, falls were frequent occurrences. Now the children from the relocated households can go to a school that’s only about 100 meters away, with more qualified teachers and better facilities.

The happiest thing for Chen and his fellow villagers is that they have finally shaken off poverty after years of hoping. The town government provides free training courses on various working skills. Having learned how to renovate a house, Chen’s monthly income is about 3,000 yuan. His wife also found a job in a nearby tea mountain.

Meanwhile, their relocation has given wild monkeys a better environment in the nature reserve. There are about 2,000 wild monkeys in the world, of which around 730 inhabit the Mayang River National Reserve. As being neighbors with monkeys has become a thing of the past, people from Daping Village are embracing the new life they have hoped for.

1. What do you know about Chen Gang according to the text?

A．Wild monkeys are his special friends.

B．He has lived in a three-story building since seven years ago.

C．He is paid a regular paycheck as a house renovation worker.

D．He lives in a house at an elevation of 1,800 meters in southwest China.

2. Of the following things, what do the villagers hope for most?

A．A steady income.	B．A three-story building
C．Moving out of the village.	D．Getting rid of the wild monkeys.

3. What do we know about the relocation policy?

A．It is a policy the villagers have hoped for.

B．The policy has benefited the children a lot.

C．All the villagers moved into three-story building.

D．Most villagers were given a job in a tea mountain.

4. What can be the best title of the passage?

A．Protect Your Friends: Wild Monkeys.

B．A Relocation Policy to Help Shake Off Poverty.

C．Be a Renovation Worker for a Steady Income.

D．Relocate to Given the Children a Better Education.

6 . The herd of elephants moving north after leaving the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan province has drawn widespread public attention, with tens of millions of people following its movement on TV programs and social media platforms.

But this is not because it’s the first time wild Asian Elephants have wandered away from their habitat and headed northward, but for only this time the herd has traveled more than 400 kilometers as far as Kunming. Photographs, videos and stories of the herd’s movement have sparked widespread discussions even overseas.

However, there is a need to go behind the “cute photos” and the seemingly “fantastic” event and identify the reasons why wild elephants are leaving their habitat, and find ways to establish harmonious human-animal relationship within habitats and the surrounding forests and human settlements. It is important to scientifically mark the limits of the habitats for elephants and other animals in Xishuangbanna and elsewhere in the country for ecological reasons as well.

Planting trees is a key and fundamental step toward restoration of nature. Yet long-term investment and a more scientific approach are needed to maintain the remaining forests as well as to extend the forest cover and strengthen conservation.

Nevertheless, tree cover alone doesn’t mean a suitable habitat for all animals, for different species need different types of vegetation to survive and breed. The elephant herd in Yunnan is a reminder that we have to scientifically conserve the existing forests and turn them into suitable habitats for different species of animals and birds, which will ultimately benefit humans.

More ambitious targets should be set to rebuild or improve the food chain, and measures taken to ensure forest resources help wildlife flourish, in order to establish a harmonious human-animal relationship.

Forests around the globe are still shrinking, particularly those in tropical and developing countries. The next decade therefore will be extremely important for the world’s forests and wildlife, and China can play a leading role in saving them by better protecting its forests and expanding its forest cover.

1. Why has the herd of elephants caused so much public interest?

A．There exist heated discussions in the whole country even overseas.

B．TV programs and social media platforms want to benefit from them.

C．They are the first wild Asian Elephants to leave their natural habitat.

D．The elephants has traveled a long distance and lived in harmony with humans.

2. What can we infer from the third paragraph about the “fantastic” event?

A．More research on the reasons behind the event is required.

B．Scientists need to limit the habitats for elephants and other animals.

C．People should find ways to have a good relationship with elephants.

D．There’s an urgent demand for detailed information about the elephants.

3. Which method is provided in the passage to restore nature?

A．Expanding the coverage of forest.

B．Getting the government’s policy support.

C．Bringing up various ways to protect the forests.

D．Offering more kinds of vegetation to all animals.

4. What does this event of elephants leaving their habitats remind us to do?

A．To set more goals to change the food chain.

B．To be aware of the situation of the existing forests.

C．To realize harmonious coexistence of human and nature.

D．To reduce the destruction of the forests around the globe.

7 . For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to severity. “Naming and categorizing heat waves is also a must,” states a newly formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage,” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University. Heat waves, however, have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.

Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster. Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat. By comparison, there were fewer deaths by floods(2,907), tornadoes(2,203) or hurricanes(1,405) over the same period. What’s more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide, getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.

Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat, including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions. Historical racial discrimination also places minority communities at higher risk. Due to housing policies, communities of color are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack the green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.

Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. No single definition currently exists. Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don't have a common understanding of the danger we face,” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group. “Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to address potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures. And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”

The union is in ongoing conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.

1. What do we know about the heat wave in America?

A．It causes most serious physical damage.

B．It has got more attention in recent years.

C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.

D．It is the biggest killer among weather-related disasters.

2. Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves?

A．They live in poorly-built houses.	B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.	D．They are restricted in their movements.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A．Supportive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Conservative.

D．Tolerant.

4. What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves?

A．They also kill lives like hurricanes.	B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.	D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。

It’s not unusual for a person to help someone else out without getting anything in return. But this    1    (behave) hadn’t been seen in birds. That’s why scientists created an experiment    2     (design) to test whether African grey parrots were willing to help each other out.

The first step was to teach the parrots to trade tokens (代币) for food,     3    were small metal rings. When the parrots gave these tokens back to the researchers, every time each parrot was given     4     walnut they enjoyed. Once they knew how    5    (exchange) tokens for walnuts, two parrots were put in clear plastic cages next to each other,     6    an opening between the two cages.

There was a feeding window in both cages that allowed the scientists to give walnuts to the parrots. Then the feeding window     7    (close) for one of the parrots, who had been given ten tokens. The results showed this parrot that couldn’t trade for walnuts would pass a token     8     (eager), beak-to-beak, to the bird in the next cage, who could then trade it for a walnut.

“Many of the parrots tested passed all 10 tokens, always     9    (watch) how their partners got the food and getting nothing for     10    (they). How unselfish they were!” said Desiree Brucks, the lead scientist.

9 . A duck has been saved by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals(RSPCA) after getting stuck with a plastic ring around its neck. It is believed that the plastic ring is the same sort used to package cans of beer together.

Animal Collection Officer(ACO) Lauren Bradshaw was one of the three people to find and rescue the duck on the canal near Sellars Square in Manchester on August 23. They entered the water to reach the bird. “Our plan was to round up the duck and get him to a bridge as the width of the canal is smaller there,” Lauren said, “The duck managed to escape from us a couple of times but eventually we managed to net and catch him. Then I freed him and gave him an examination.”

She added that the plastic was fortunately not tight around the animal’s neck and did not cause any injuries or difficulty breathing. However, plastic stuck around the neck and throat area is a hazard to many sea animals, as the animals think it is food and, once trapped, are unable to remove it. She suggested that people cut open any plastic rings so that if they are deserted, they will not be able to trap animals like this.

Lauren also reminded people that ducks may starve to death due to litter being thrown away rather than being put in a dustbin. When hungry ducks swallow floating pieces of plastic, they can cut through their organs or trick them into feeling full, causing them to stop eating.

The RSPCA says it has received more than 21,600 reports of animals injured or caught in litter over the past five years.

1. Why did the RSPCA staff drive the duck to a bridge?

A．To catch it easily.	B．To free it conveniently.
C．To ask passers-by for help.	D．To make it go to the bank soon.

2. What can we infer about Lauren after she examined the duck?

A．She was annoyed at the bird.	B．She felt lucky not to hurt it.
C．She was guilty about her delay.	D．She breathed a sigh of relief.

3. What does the underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 3 refer too?

A．Danger.

B．Criterion.

C．Shock.

D．Failure.

4. What did Lauren suggest people do about ducks’ safety?

A．Cut plastic rings into pieces.	B．Deal with plastic litter properly.
C．Reduce plastic-based food wrappers.	D．Improve the recycling rate for plastics.

10 . The skull(颅骨)of a tiny bird preserved in a 100-million-year-old Myanmar amber has been discovered by an international team of scientists, according to a paper newly published in the scientific journal Nature.

The 14-millimeter-long skull is smaller than that of a bee hummingbird, the smallest living bird, making the new species the smallest bird and dinosaur ever found.

When Xing Lida, a paleontologist(古生物家)at the China University of Geosciences, who led the research, first saw the amber in 2016, he was amazed. "It's like a tiny arrow with a long beak(鸟喙)and big eyes. . . Only birds have such characteristics," he said.

The well-preserved fossil skull has rows of nearly 100 teeth that extend all the way under its big eyes that are supported by eye bones of a unique structure. The unusually high number of teeth and the unique shape of the eye make it difficult to classify the specimen(标本).

Scientists think that about 100 million years ago this bird-like animal lived in the tropical Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar, where the amber was mined.

Despite its small size, the specimen, named Oculudentavis khaungraae(宽娅眼齿鸟), has more teeth than any other fossilized bird. The large number of teeth indicates that it was a predator(捕食者), the paper said.

"Judging from its size, it might prey mainly on insects," Xing said. "In fact, it has some characteristics that do not belong to birds or even dinosaurs. At present we think of it as a bird or a dinosaur, which is the most likely conclusion based on the characteristics of the skull.”

One of the biggest advantages of amber lies in its high-quality preservation of the fine details in the skull and soft tissue features. "Amber gives us almost the only opportunity, to learn about tiny vertebrates(脊椎动物)from the dinosaur age," Xing said. "Oculudentavis is by far the smallest and most important specimen."

1. What has the international team of scientists found recently?

A．The smallest fossil ever found.	B．The oldest amber ever discovered.
C．The smallest bee hummingbird fossil	D．The skull of the smallest known bird.

2. What do we know about Oculudentavis?

A．Its teeth and eyes were different from any other animal.

B．Its eve structure shows that it might have good eyesight.

C．It was classified in 2016 when first seen by Xing Lida.

D．Its small size suggests that it might feed on plants.

3. What proves Oculudentavis's identity as a predator?

A．Small size.	B．Tropical habitat.
C．High number of teeth.	D．Unique shape of the eye.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The way that the fossil was well preserved.

B．The reason why Oculudentavis was stuck in amber t

C．The contribution of the fossil to scientific research.

D．The importance of amber research in scientific research.