1 . Global surface temperatures last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average of 60.1 degrees, breaking previous records, from August 2016, by more than half a degree, according to NOAA researchers. “That to me is a really huge
The report
It wasn’t just the land that
“We’ve seen unheard-of warmth in the global ocean, and that’s definitely alarming because its effects
In fact, the report comes after a series of severe natural
“The scientific evidence is
A.distance | B.jump | C.travel | D.flight |
A.confirms | B.emerges | C.quotes | D.argues |
A.holds | B.touches | C.surrounds | D.includes |
A.boiled | B.cooled | C.stricken | D.disappeared |
A.contributed to | B.suffered from | C.resulted from | D.devoted to |
A.slowest | B.lowest | C.highest | D.fastest |
A.enlarge | B.discharge | C.extend | D.undertake |
A.creating | B.saving | C.remaining | D.disturbing |
A.issues | B.debates | C.events | D.proposals |
A.floods | B.disasters | C.storms | D.earthquakes |
A.Though | B.Because | C.Unless | D.When |
A.damage | B.destroy | C.decrease | D.increase |
A.irresistible | B.unchangeable | C.inaccessible | D.unbearable |
A.conveying | B.releasing | C.relieving | D.dismissing |
A.predicted | B.expected | C.doubted | D.determined |
Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem
Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline,
Lately, a study
In a paper
The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain
“This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning
A.award B.house C.hit D.namely E.specifically F.grabbed G.traded H.gang I.bar J.principled K.transmission |
American authorities arrested Masphal Kry, an official in Cambodia’s forestry administration, last November when he was heading to an international meeting about trade regulations for endangered species in Panama. Prosecutors accused him of conspiring with a smuggling ring. The contraband (违禁品): monkeys,
Getting lab monkeys from abroad became harder during the pandemic. Chinese authorities banned the export of all primates in early 2020. The Chinese government wanted to
That forced American companies to rely on less
Health Warning as UK Swelters
People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also been advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.
A heat wave is defined
However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly
Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people
The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. Temperatures are expected
To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm,
Throughout the world, only 15% of the material that are used to make clothing is properly recycled, according to the Alle SacUrthur Club, an organization in Liverpool, UK, that boosts the circular economy. Most clothing waste—an
A change in the manufacturing process is being applied to the textile-waste problem by Essen, a start-up in Seattle, Washington.
Although there are abundant technical challenges, the main barrier
6 . Homing pigeons combine precise internal compasses and memorized landmarks to re-trace a path back to their lofts — even four years after the previous time they made the trip, a new study shows.
Testing nonhuman memory retention (保持) is challenging; in research studies, “it’s rare that there is a gap of several years between when an animal stores the information and when it is next required to retrieve it,” says University of Oxford zoologist Dora Biro. For a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biro and her colleagues compared domestic homing pigeons’ paths three or four years after the birds established routes back to their loft from a farm 8.6 kilometers away. The study built on data from a 2016 experiment in which pigeons learned routes in different social contexts during several flights — on their own or with peers that did or did not know the way.
Using data from GPS devices temporarily attached to the birds’ backs, the researchers compared the flight paths a pack of pigeons took in 2019 or 2020, without the birds visiting the release site in between. Some birds missed a handful of landmarks along the way, but many others took “strikingly similar” routes to those they used in 2016, says Oxford zoologist and study co-author Julien Collet: “It was...as if the last time they flew there was just the day before, not four years ago.”
The team found that the pigeons remembered a route just as well if they first flew it alone or with others and fared much better than those that had not made the journey in 2016.
The result is not surprising, says Verner Bing-man, who studies animal navigation at Bowling Green State University and was not involved with the study. But it provides new confirmation of homing pigeons’ remarkable memory, he says: “It closes the distance a little bit between our self-centered sense of human intellectual abilities and what animals can do.”
1. The underlined word “retrieve” is closest in meaning to ________.A.reserve | B.return | C.recover | D.record |
A.Pigeons remember specific routes home after years away. |
B.Pigeons remember routes better when flying with others. |
C.Pigeons can find their way back though taking different routes. |
D.Pigeons can retrace the path home through an attached GPS device. |
A.Oxford zoologist Julien Collet designed the experiment procedure. |
B.GPS devices were attached permanently to collect data about flight routes. |
C.The experiment was designed to eliminate pigeons that missed key landmarks. |
D.Pigeons were made to fly from the release site to their lofts several times. |
A.Humans need to adopt a more rigid approach to pigeons’ memory. |
B.Humans are blinded by superiority when it comes to animal intelligence. |
C.Riddles about animals are too complex to be solved in the foreseeable future. |
D.There have been mixed responses to the findings about pigeons’ memory. |
7 . Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.
Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.
Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.
One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.
1. In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______.A.not widely supported | B.costly to carry out |
C.generally recognized | D.temporarily beneficial |
A.Drivers will become more productive employees. |
B.Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. |
C.Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. |
D.Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. |
A.They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. |
B.They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. |
C.They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. |
D.They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. |
A.support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. |
B.oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. |
C.provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. |
D.indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. |
假设你是明启中学高一学生李明,你在The Evening News这份报纸上看到一篇关于改造你所在的城市的文章,文中提到了将河边的一块空地改造成自然保护区(nature reserve)。你认为这个改造方案的提议不受年轻人欢迎,请写一封信给该报的编辑,谈谈你的看法,你的文章必须包括:
1. 你不赞同建自然保护区的原因;
2. 提出一个替代的方案并说明原因。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9 . Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex
“If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the
Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to
“The two greatest
That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the
The campaign also recognizes the importance of
“Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants
A.argument | B.term | C.structure | D.problem |
A.altering | B.developing | C.stabilizing | D.worsening |
A.ecosystem | B.threat | C.cycle | D.procedure |
A.affect | B.change | C.reverse | D.continue |
A.aspects | B.causes | C.consequences | D.occasions |
A.acquiring | B.protecting | C.exploiting | D.possessing |
A.management | B.announcement | C.campaign | D.competition |
A.consume | B.destroy | C.lose | D.contain |
A.denying | B.enjoying | C.ignoring | D.respecting |
A.essential | B.simple | C.temporary | D.profitable |
A.Besides | B.However | C.Thus | D.Otherwise |
A.witness | B.detect | C.confirm | D.avoid |
A.measure | B.absorb | C.survive | D.prevent |
A.mission | B.decision | C.option | D.exploration |
A.worried about | B.confident in | C.responsible for | D.good at |
A. address B. challenges C. imaging D. monitor E. navigate F. operations G. respond H. setting I. short J. successive K. worth |
Satellites Can Help Us Fight Climate Change
At the beginning of 2021, President Joe Biden exclaimed that “science is back” as we continued our efforts to
Recently the Interior Department’s U.S. Geological Survey assumed
I attended the historic launch of Landsat 9 in California. It was nothing
All around the globe, scientists are using Landsat and other imagery to interpret what is happening on Earth today and to compare it with the 50 years’
This science-based program and those like it across federal agencies are powerful tools in our efforts to responsibly manage our resources. Their prioritization helps to demonstrate the Biden-Harris administration’s commitment to lead with science. So, too, the resources provided through the president’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act will be key to the development of longer-term sustainability measures as we
Landsat NEXT is the upcoming mission we will develop with NASA to power better science and decision-making for the next 50 years. Science is indeed