1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a recent study led by Miquelle, 46 Amur tigers were identified in four forested landscapes in China. “Persistent efforts     1     (protect) tigers have paid off,” Miquelle said. The reason for the tigers’ sudden     2     (appear) in northeast China is due, in a large part, to a Chinese national policy called the Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP). “By stopping the harvesting of trees in many parts of China, they essentially made whole villages whose economy, in the past,    3     (base) on timber harvest economic wastelands,” Miquelle said.    4     the timber industry shutting down, the forests were able to recover, and that’s “a big reason     5     tigers are expanding.”

The NFPP has shifted China toward environmental stewardship and wildlife protection. In 2016, China established the Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park, which covers nearly 15,000square kilometers,    6     (represent) the largest tiger shelter in the world. “China is working hard to turn this national park into     7     model for conservation,” Miquelle said.

Amur tigers may be well protected in northeastern China now,    8     they will face a number of threats     9     (link) to climate change. With a more changeable or     10     (dry) climate, forest fires pose a serious threat to tiger habitat.

2 . According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋的) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here.

Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle

The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle.

Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution.

Vaquita

As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting.

Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011.

Whale

Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000.

Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world.

Hawaiian Monk Seal

A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals.

According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation.

1. Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups?

A．To nest.

B．To reproduce.

C．To avoid attack.

D．To hunt foods.

2. What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal?

A．Global warming.

B．Lack of food.

C．Natural enemies.

D．Habitat pollution.

3. Which of the following is the most critically endangered species?

A．Vaquita.

B．Fin Whale.

C．Humpback Whale.

D．Hawaiian Monk Seal.

3 . Cities, often seen as ecological wastelands, actually have the potential to produce exceptional biologists. While traditional biologists typically come from rural backgrounds, urban residents possess diverse skill sets that make them better ones.

Take myself as an example. Growing up in Philadelphia provided me with a unique angle to look at urban ecology. The city’s distinct seasons, plentiful squirrels, row homes, and festivals served as my first ecological classroom. It was there that I witnessed wild cats eating birds and rats, people driving bats from their homes, and snakes being killed by lawn mowers (割草机). This was ecology in action, as real as any observation in fields and forests.

The unique environment of urban areas encourages wildlife there to develop distinct feature s and behaviors that set them apart from their rural counterparts: they may be larger in size, be active at different times of the day, move differently, and even display different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even “smarter” because they balance more risks, such as exposure to roads, poisonous chemicals and diseases from domestic animals — with rewards, of course, like inhabitable parks and human-provided food.

As human residents of cities, we too adapt to the risks and challenges of urban living. This adaptation sharpens our intuition (直觉) — we learn which streets to avoid and lock our doors for safety. Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. Shared experiences such as these enable us to better understand and appreciate urban wildlife.

Most of the world’s population now accesses green and blue spaces, as well as wildlife, within urban neighborhoods. Nature is no longer only untouched wilderness; it includes sounds of human laughter, trash trucks and fire alarms. We urban residents are resourceful and imaginative. We need more capacity, more participation, more energy and more innovation in science to create solutions to fight environmental degradation and reduce biodiversity loss. Identifying this talent across cities presents a practical approach.

1. What did growing up in Philadelphia teach the author?

A．Philadelphia is uniquely rich in wildlife.

B．Studying biology at school helps greatly.

C．Urban wild creatures need protection too.

D．Cities are far from ecological wastelands.

2. What does the underlined word “counterparts” in paragraph 3 most likely mean?

A．Similar species.	B．Potential enemies.
C．Natural resources.	D．Qualified biologists.

3. What experiences help urban residents understand wildlife better?

A．Eco-friendly habits.	B．Risk-aware behaviors.
C．Ill-informed choices.	D．Fast-paced urban life.

4. What is the best title for this passage?

A．Cities Build Better Biologists	B．What Makes Smarter Residents?
C．Urban Areas Encourage Wildlife	D．Who Saves Ecological Wastelands?

4 . 语法填空

In Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, the height of buildings     1     (limit) because of earthquake danger. As one of the most crowded cities in the world, the traffic in Tokyo has become so heavy that it is very difficult     2     (go)from one place to another. The price of the land, too, has always been going up     3     (rapid). All these explain why a group of Japanese land developers came to     4     conclusion that there was nowhere to go but down. So far they     5     (dig) out space underground for fifteen shopping centers.

One of the     6     (advantage) of shopping and eating underground is its clean air. The city of Tokyo has one of the most serious smog problems in the world. Also, while     7     (travel) underground, you escape the ever-present threat of traffic accidents on the city’s busy streets. Still, the advanced underground traffic system makes it     8     (convenience) for people to get around in Tokyo: you are usually right next to, or even in, a subway station. And you can even spend the night underground     9     you like. The Ginza Station, for example, in downtown Tokyo, has a hotel     10     a bar, restaurant, and barbershop.

5 . 假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说打算暑假到中国旅游，请你给他回复一封邮件，推荐历史文化名城——西安，内容包括：
1. 推荐的城市——西安；
2. 城市特色；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2. 参考词汇：the ancient capital of 13 dynasties 十三朝古都；Terracotta Warriors 兵马俑；Shaanxi History Museum 陕西历史博物馆；Huaqing Pool 华清池。
3. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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6 . Salad is good for you, generally speaking, so growing fresh greens in orbit seems like a winning way for space workers to stay healthy. New research suggests that as nutritious as space salad might be, it could pose something of a risk to astronauts.

The problem is growing leafy plants like lettuce (生菜) in space can come with a side dish of bacteria (细菌), according to a new study from a team at the University of Delaware. In tests on plants grown in modeled micro-gravity, they were shown to actually be more sensitive than normal to the Salmonella enterica (SE) (沙门氏菌).

We know that the International Space Station (ISS) is home to a lot of aggressive bacteria, and if these space virus were to cause widespread sickness in an astronaut crew, it would mean lives were at risk. “You don’t want the whole mission to fail just because of a food safety outbreak,” says plant biologist Harsh Bais from the University of Delaware.

Bais and his colleagues used a device to perform some clever rotation tricks in the lab, putting lettuce plants into a similar state as they would be in micro-gravity. They then added SE bacteria to the leaves. What was interesting — and surprising — was that the tiny stomata (气孔) in the lettuce opened up to allow the bacteria to get in. Ordinarily, the job of the stomata is to keep dangerous attackers out, while at the same time helping the plant to breathe.

The researchers then added a more helpful species of bacteria, one that typically protects plants from external stressors. Again, the defense didn’t work in micro-gravity — suggesting there’s something about this state that disables the chemical reactions that the lettuce would normally use to keep itself safe.

Add in what we know about space bacteria being particularly tricky, and this is a potential problem. The team behind the study wants to see a lot more research into making sure our foodstuffs are safe outside of orbit.

1. Why can’t lettuce be grown in ISS?

A．Its leaves takes up too much space.	B．It brings in illness-causing bacteria.
C．It is only a side dish to astronauts.	D．It can’t grow well in micro-gravity.

2. What is Bais’ attitude to growing plants in space?

A．Negative.

B．Sensitive.

C．Enthusiastic.

D．Unconcerned.

3. What did the tiny stomata do in the experiment?

A．They kept lettuce from breathing.	B．They ensure the safety of lettuce.
C．They failed to function as expected.	D．They stopped all bacteria coming in.

4. What is a best tile for the text?

A．SE, the Worst Bacteria in Space	B．Greens for Salad, a Risk in Space
C．Lettuce, Plant Samples Used in Space	D．Food Safety, a Key Problem in Space

7 . At just a few inches long and living on an affordable diet of flakes, goldfish are often viewed as the world’s most unnoticeable pet — a kind of gateway animal to prepare new caregivers for cats and dogs to come. But their blank stare and expression cover up a little-known and somewhat horrifying fact: Released into the wild and upping their caloric count goldfish can develop into massive fish, damaging local ecosystems.

According to The New York Times, the Great Lakes are currently suffering from an inflow of goldfish. They eat everything from algae (海藻) to plants to animals without backbones and can reach 16 inches to 19 inches in length, weighing in at 4 pounds. And all that consumption is destructive. The goldfish swallow plants that native fish eat. They also consume algae, which promotes further algae growth. Because they’re resistant to changing water temperatures, they can be lasting trouble. They are also forcing native fish out of their natural habitat.

Researchers have observed a significant increase in the goldfish population over the past few decades, a likely consequence of people releasing pets that then reproduce. It’s possible that tens of millions of goldfish now live in the Great Lakes; similar goldfish problems have also been observed in Australia.

Possible interventions include electrical currents that would kill the fish and netting to capture them and control the population in breeding grounds identified by tracking.

Goldfish grew popular in the U.S. in the late 19th century,when the U.S. Commission on Fisheries gave away thousands of them in Washington D.C They’re fairly crafty fish with the capacity to learn some simple tricks. Advocates say the typical fishbowl is too small for them and recommend a tank of at least 20 gallons per fish so they have room to move.

With the right environment, goldfish can reproduce fast and live for decades. But if you’re not interested in keeping them, experts at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service suggest donating them to a school, pet store, or interested party — not a local pond.

1. How can goldfish grow super big?

A．By growing uninterruptedly in a tank.	B．By staying together with other fish.
C．By living with considerate caregivers.	D．By eating enough food in a big lake.

2. What do goldfish do to the ecosystem?

A．They eat up local fish.	B．They help keep biodiversity.
C．They occupy the habitat of native fish.	D．They promote the spread of algae.

3. What is the goldfish problem in Australia?

A．Goldfish population is increasing fast.	B．Capturing goldfish becomes very difficult.
C．Goldfish are growing too big to live in a tank              .	D．Tracking goldfish’s breeding grounds is impossible.

4. Which can replace the underlined word “crafty” in paragraph 5?

A．Pitiable.

B．Foxy.

C．Cute.

D．Popular.

8 . Artificial Intelligence (AI) has greatly sped up how long it takes to sort, label and analyze(分析) animal sounds—as well as to figure out which aspects of those sounds might carry meaning. One day we’ll be able to use AI to build a chat box that translates complex(复杂的) animal sounds into human language. Project CETI is just one organization working toward this goal.

“AI could eventually get us to the point where we understand animals, but that’s hard to deal with and long-term,” says Karen Bakker, a researcher at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. “Some species have been on the planet longer than humans. Some species could go extinct before we figure out their language,” Bakker adds. “Besides, the idea of walking around with an animal translator may seem cool, but many animals might not be interested in chatting.”

“Why would a bat want to speak to you?” she asks. What interests her is what we can learn from how bats and other creatures talk amongst each other.“We should listen to nature and ask the animals’ requirements in order to better protect them,” she argues. For example, a system set up to record whales or elephants can also track their locations. This can help our boats avoid whales or protect elephants from poachers (偷猎者).

Protection is one goal driving Project CETI. “If we understand sperm whales better, we will be better at understanding what’s troubling them,” says Gašper Beguš, a linguist at the University of California, Berkeley. Learning that a species has something very similar to language or culture could also inspire people to work harder to protect it.

When we protect an animal that has some version of language or culture, we’re not simply protecting nature and we’re also saving a way of life. Marine biologist Denise Herzing says that animals are supposed to have a healthy environment so that their cultures can develop well.

1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?

A．We can tell the complex animal behavior.

B．We will find ways to talk with animals.

C．We can share our language with animals.

D．We need conduct more research on animals.

2. Bakker thinks that understanding animals’ language fully is ______.

A．difficult.

B．costly.

C．harmful.

D．worthless.

3. How can we protect the animals effectively according to Paragraph 3?

A．By learning about their needs.	B．By setting up shelters for them.
C．By mapping out their locations.	D．By living peacefully with them.

4. Which statement does Herzing probably agree with?

A．Animals’ culture should be given up.

B．Saving nature means saving ourselves.

C．Short-term and long-term goals need to be set.

D．Animals should be in a healthy natural world.

9 . Bad news for banana lovers: A fungus (真菌) that’s particularly good at killing the fruit has finally reached Latin America — a major supplier of the world’s bananas.

Recently, officials in Colombia announced a national emergency after confirming the presence of this fatal fungus, known as Fusarium oxysporum Tropical Race 4 (TR4), in the country. This is the first time the fungus has been found in Latin America. However, the fungus isn’t new. Over the past years, it has been destroying banana plantations in Asia, Australia and East Africa.

Although this fungus isn’t harmful to humans, it is a “serious threat” to banana production. The fungus attacks the plants’ roots and blocks their vascular (维管的) system — the network used to transport water and nutrients (营养物) and finally kills the plants. Once the fungus finds its way into soil, it can’t be treated with fungicides, and it’s very difficult to remove.

What’s more, the fungus attacks the most commonly exported banana — the Cavendish banana. “For Western countries, the vast majority of the bananas we eat are from the same Cavendish subgroup,” said Nicolas Roux, a senior scientist.

Sarah Gurr, Exeter University’s chair in food security, continued to explained to Wired, “Cavendish bananas are in effect clones of their parents. So the similarity in their genes makes them easy targets of the disease. Actually, we are likely to lose the Cavendish banana.”

Officials reported that the TR4 fungus was found in a l75-hectare area in the La Guajira region of northern Colombia. The country has separated affected areas and destroyed some of them in an effort to fight the fungus. A number of ideas have come up to help save the Cavendish banana, including genetically engineering plants that will not be affected by TR4.

1. Why did Colombia announce a national emergency?

A．Because the TR4 fungus stops banana trees producing fruits.

B．Because there was TR4 fungus in Colombia.

C．Because a fearful fungus was spreading quickly.

D．Because Colombia had no bananas to transport to Europe.

2. What do we know about TR4 fungus?

A．It causes the death of banana plants.	B．It is dangerous for human beings.
C．It competes with banana trees for water.	D．It exists in the air to attack plants.

3. What makes Sarah Gurr worried about the Cavendish banana?

A．Their importance in global fruit supply.	B．Their poor ability to gain nutrients.
C．Their lack of genetic diversity.	D．Their wide planting in Latin America.

4. Which is the best title for the text?

A．Bananas crisis in Latin America	B．The best bananas in the world
C．Fungus harms plants	D．Banana-killing fungus reached Latin America

10 . Are you a fan of birds? If so, you may have admired their beautiful colors and sweet songs. But do you know these feathered friends can actually do more than that?

A new study published in the journal Scientific Reports finds that exposure to birds, either in the home or outdoors, can boost people’s moods.

Researchers at King’s College London used a smartphone app built by the school’s Urban Mind project to collect the real-time feelings of study participants upon seeing or hearing a bird. A total of 1,292 people living in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States participated in the study which was conducted between April 2018 and October 2021.

The app asked participants three times a day whether they could see or hear a bird followed by a series of questions on their mental well-being. Participants were also asked questions about whether they could see trees, plants or hear any water to see if people were experiencing better mental well-being due to being in or seeing nature, and not just because of exposure to birds.

According to the study, the mental well-being of study participants with and without depression was significantly improved after seeing a bird or hearing birdsong compared to not seeing or hearing a bird.

There is a growing number of studies that link spending time outdoors (either in green leafy places or next to bodies of water) to improved mental health. But there are few studies that look at how different aspects of nature can play into humans’ mental well-being.

And while the study adds to the small pile of research on birds and mental health, the report marks the first time researchers have studied the responses to birds and mental well-being in real-time, according to Ryan Hammoud, lead author of the study.

“They kind of examine nature as a single object when nature includes many different characteristics and features like trees, plants, water, birds,” said Hammoud, “We choose to focus on bird life to try and understand which specific characteristics of nature benefit mental well-being.”

1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

A．To introduce a phenomenon.	B．To bring in the topic.
C．To ask an interesting question.	D．To provide background information.

2. How did the researchers conduct the study?

A．By analyzing previous studies.	B．By observing the behavior of birds.
C．By gathering feelings of participants.	D．By studying people’s effect on birds.

3. What does Hammoud think of the new study?

A．Pioneering.

B．Interesting.

C．Conventional.

D．Practical.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Bird watching has become a popular hobby.

B．Exposure to birds can improve mental well-being.

C．Nature is the best medicine for mental health issues.

D．Spending time outdoors can impact mental health positively.