Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America,
Peru
There are two especially interesting things for us
2 . Since the days of Charles Darwin, the long necks of giraffes have been a textbook example of evolution. The theory goes that as giraffe ancestors competed for food, those with longer necks were able to reach higher leaves, getting a leg-up or neck-up over shorter animals.
But a very unusual prehistoric giraffe relative reveals that, in addition to finding food, fighting may have driven early neck evolution. In a study published Thursday in Science, a team of paleontologists described the Discokeryx(獬豸盘角鹿), a giraffe ancestor, as having a helmet-like head and large neck vertebrae(脊椎).The Discokeryx evolved like this to absorb and deliver skull-cracking collisions to seek mates and defeat competitors.
“It shows that giraffe evolution is not just lengthening the neck,” said Jin Meng,a paleontologist at the American Museum of Natural History and co-author of the new study.
Head-butting is an ancient and widespread form of conflict solution. Dinosaurs like Pachycephalosaurs have firm skulls(头骨), and knocking heads remain common in bighorn sheep, chameleons and even whales.
But the researchers suggested that the Discokeryx was uniquely expert at head-to-head fight. The team estimated that collisions between Discokeryxes were likely twice as forceful as head-butting muskoxen, which strike each other at nearly 25 mph.
The series of interlocking neck joints haven’t been discovered in any other vertebrate(脊椎动物),living or dead,giving the Discokeryx the greatest head-bashing equipment yet discovered, according to the researchers. “This animal is an extreme example of using head-butting as a fighting tool,” Meng said.
1. What do we know about the Discokeryx?A.Its evolution helps make and bear crashes. |
B.It has tiny neck vertebrae. |
C.Its thin neck can stretch to find mates. |
D.It has a horn-like head. |
A.Whales move at the speed of 25 mph. |
B.Muskoxen are good at giving a side attack. |
C.Many vertebrates have amazing neck joints. |
D.Discokeryxes hit opponents with big power. |
A.How Jin Meng completed a research paper. |
B.Why giraffes’ necks evolve so long. |
C.How the impact force between Discokeryxes is measured. |
D.Why giraffes’ development goes against Charles Darwin’s theory. |
A.In a:history book. |
B.In a story collection. |
C.In a science magazine. |
D.In a celebrity biography. |
3 . Wetlands, making up about 6% of Earth’s land surface, are found on every continent except for Antarctica.
Protecting against floods. Wetlands play a crucial role in protecting against floods. The plants and soil in wetlands act as natural sponges (海绵), storing excess water during heavy rainfall or storms.
Purifying (净化) water. Wetlands have exceptional abilities to purify water. Acting as natural filters, the plants, soil and micro creatures in wetlands remove sediments, excess nutrients and pollutants from water sources.
Fighting climate change. Aside from these vital functions, wetlands also play a significant role in fighting climate change.
However, the world’s wetlands are being lost at an alarming rate. Restoration and conservation projects offer hope that these ecosystems can be saved.
A.Supporting life |
B.Protecting birds |
C.This process helps to improve water quality |
D.The water stored in wetlands can be drunk |
E.Wetlands play an important role despite their small coverage |
F.Wetland plants have remarkable carbon storage capabilities |
G.Thus, wetlands can reduce the risk of flooding in surrounding areas |
4 . It happens every spring. Flowers suddenly come out everywhere on the same day, as if they made an appointment with one another. But how exactly do plants “know” when to flower?
It is a question that has puzzled biologists for years. But according to Science Daily, a US research group may have finally answered it —the secret lies in a protein (蛋白质) called FKF1. This allows plants to sense the differences in day lengths so that they can tell the seasons are changing.
Researchers discovered the FKFI protein when they were studying a plant called Arabidopsis. They found that the FKFI protein is a photoreceptor (感光器). This means it is sensitive to, and can be activated by sunlight.
“Plants produce this protein every day in the late afternoon throughout the year. If there is no light at this time, for example, in winter when the sun goes down early, the protein won’t be activated,” explained Takato Imaizumi, the leader of the study. “But when spring comes and the days get longer, the FKF1 protein can be activated by daylight and the plants ‘know’ it is time to flower.”
Although researchers have only studied how the FKF1 protein works in the Arabidopsis, they believe that the process is similar in other plants, including crops like rice and wheat. This could be useful to the agricultural industry in the world.
1. The underlined word “activated” in paragraph 3 probably means__________.A.woken | B.prevented | C.produced | D.weakened |
A.produce more rice and wheat in winter |
B.develop the global agricultural industry |
C.grow plants that flower the whole year |
D.produce more protein to activate plants |
A.a travel brochure | B.a science magazine |
C.a medical magazine | D.a personal journal |
5 . What should you do if there’s an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede (踩踏)? March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.
This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students (NDESEMSS) (全国中小学生安全教育日). The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.
A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries.
What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice.
A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean to one side, curl up your body and bend your legs.
Earthquakes are common natural disasters. When you feel the ground shake and drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines.
When there’s a fire, follow the teachers’ instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don’t breathe in smoke.
1. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage?A.Run away. | B.Stand there. | C.Keep calm. | D.Cry loudly. |
A.Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents. |
B.When there’s a fire, you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose. |
C.If you fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there. |
D.When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings or trees. |
A.The happening of accidents. | B.The coming of an earthquake. |
C.Being far away from accidents. | D.How to protect yourself in accidents. |
A.The reason for the earthquake. | B.The causes of different fire accidents. |
C.How to stay away from sports injuries. | D.Some disadvantages of smoking everyday. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Spring has come with all its beauty! Trees have turned green or flowers can be seeing everywhere. Last Friday, my friends and me went on a spring outing. It was such a great fun! We cycled along the streams and down the paths. It didn’t take us long to get the foot of the mountain, that we left our bikes. Then we begin hiking. As we reached the top of the mountain, we were shocking to see many plastic bottle and food bags here and there. All of us started to collect the rubbish and then took it down the mountain. We felt happily to have done our part for the environment.
7 . Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most-talked-about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906.Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. 140,000 people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 830, 000 people were killed. This earthquake happened in 1556.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for them beforehand.
1. How many people died in the earthquake in Portugal?A.About 2,000. | B.Around 140,000. | C.Over 830,000. | D.Above 700. |
A.Portugal, 1755. | B.Japan, 1923. | C.China, 1556. | D.America, 1906. |
A.For sure. | B.With care. | C.By hand. | D.In advance. |
A.Earthquakes are not likely to cause big fires. |
B.Earthquakes often hit people unexpectedly. |
C.Mountainous countries have no earthquakes. |
D.Strong earthquakes often kill the most people. |
My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse (松鸡). It’s unusual for a grouse to have any contact with people. In fact, they’re hard to spot, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.
This grouse came into our lives in spring. Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field. She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.
Tom saw the friendly bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him. We quickly grew fond of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.
One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. Tom pretended (假装) he didn’t see her and kept working to see what she would do next. Apparently, she didn’t like to be ignored (忽视). She’d run up and peck (啄) at Tom’s hands, then back off to see what he would do. This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the game and left.
As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to come out more and more often. Eventually Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom’s leg and stay long enough for me to get a picture of the two of them together. This friendly grouse soon felt comfortable not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.
When hunting season opened, we put a sign (标牌) at the end of our driveway asking hunters not to shoot our pet grouse. My father, who lived down the road also warned people not to shoot her. In fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.
注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didn’t show up.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The four mountain climbers were still breathing heavily as they looked out into the distance. The views from the top of the mountain were breathtaking. In all directions, valleys, forests and other mountains were laid out before them. They could even see the small wooden houses of the village where they had spent the night and the route they had taken to reach the top of this small but dangerous mountain. Laughing loudly, they were surprised at their courage in climbing such a steep and rocky mountain slope. Filled with an enormous sense of achievement, the four young climbers patted each other on the back.
As the other three continued to enjoy the views, Jason, the leader of the group, stared at the horizon with a troubled look on his face.
“What is it, Jason?” Sofia, the youngest of the group, asked.
“Those dark clouds in the distance mean a heavy storm is fast on the way,” Jason replied. He remembered the villagers had warned him of the unpredictable weather conditions on top of the mountain and that a terrible storm could appear from nowhere.
“But it's so warm and sunny here. I don't think the storm is coming this way,” Sofia said, more in hope than expectation.
However, Jason feared the worst and knew only too well what would happen if the storm caught them in the open. He addressed the group in a calm but serious tone, “If the storm hits us, the temperature will fall dramatically. The rain and mist will make it difficult for us to see where we are going and we could easily get lost or fall off a cliff. The wind will take our strength, so we need to get moving fast.”
The four mountain climbers packed up their facilities and immediately started back down the mountain. Unfortunately, despite their best efforts, the storm was upon them sooner than expected. The wind screamed in their ears, the driving rain stung (刺痛) their eyes and the mist made it impossible for them to see clearly.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With it getting dark, Jason decided that it was just too dangerous to continue.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Finally, the storm showed signs of stopping and the climbers decided to continue their way down the mountain.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. 保护野生动物的重要性;2. 保护措施;3. 其他。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your attention!