1 . Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.
“This is a very exciting technology,” says Liu Xiaomeng, graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources, its production is totally green.”
That’s because this biofilm — which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper-is produced naturally by an engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (硫还原地杆菌). G. sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.
The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. Though we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper’s one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.
1. What function is the biofilm expected to achieve?A.Updating wearable electronics. | B.Acquiring power from evaporation. |
C.Changing the way of getting electricity. | D.Supplying energy to “microbial batteries”. |
A.It’s thinner in thickness. | B.It’s environmentally friendly. |
C.It reduces the cost in usage. | D.It employs a rare energy source. |
A.By interacting with solar power. | B.By gaining energy from electronic systems. |
C.By using water to generate electricity. | D.By producing continuous electricity from sweat. |
A.Flexible. | B.Controversial. | C.Promising. | D.Delicate. |
Foster homes play
3 . Discover how you can help endangered species! Volunteer to help conserve endangered species around the world with GoEco.
Sea turtles, Sri Lanka
The species is threatened by human hunters. The Sri Lankan government has approved the creation of hatcheries (孵化场) in order to protect this species. Volunteers on this program spend 60% of their time working in the hatchery and the other 40% is spent on activities such as beach cleanups and creating awareness within the local community.
Program Fees: $1,280 for 2 weeks and $1,680 per month for volunteers.
Wildlife Rescue, Western Australia
Adult kangaroos and wallabies are hunted for food, leaving thousands of their babies without parents. Many are killed or injured in road accidents. At the wildlife rescue center in Perth, Western Australia, volunteers live and help in the bushland caring for sick, injured, and displaced animals.
Program Fee: $2,095 for four weeks. Volunteers stay on-site in a small room. Due to very limited space, applications must be sent at least 9-12 months in advance.
Endangered Species Reserve, South Africa
The project will give you an incredible wildlife experience while learning about conservation efforts. For the rest of the time between monitoring sessions, volunteers are required to enter all the data that they have collected into our databases. At times, volunteers need to operate on night shifts. We also give lectures and presentations over the lunch period.
Program Fee: $1,750 for 2 weeks
Big Cat Refuge, South Africa
As a volunteer on this project, you will be involved in a wide variety of activities. Volunteer’s work ranges from enrichment activities, such as toy-making and farm work, to educating the visitors. Volunteers will also directly care for the cats by preparing food or feeding them as well as maintaining their living space.
Program Fee: $1,450 for 2 weeks
1. What is the monthly project fee for volunteers in Sri Lanka?A.$1,280. | B.$1,680. | C.$2,560. | D.$2,960. |
A.Having previous experience. |
B.Working night shifts sometimes. |
C.Applying for the project in advance. |
D.Having a good knowledge of wildlife. |
A.Study the habits of big cats. |
B.Help to sell some toys about cats. |
C.Guide visitors to the habitat of the cats. |
D.Do daily routines in the cats’ living space. |
Taylor Swift does great donation to help victims of tornadoes
Severe storms and tornadoes have killed at least six people in Tennessee,
Although born in Pennsylvania, Swift has a close relationship with Tennessee, having moved to Nashville with her family at the age of 14
Her music catalogue since 2019 is worth an estimated $400m, ticket and merchandise sales from concerts have earned her 370 million dollars while streams from Spotify, YouTube and other
The Eras tour alone
The CFMT operates a fund supporting non-profit organizations providing services in all phases of a disaster.
The National Weather Service issued multiple tornado warnings in Tennessee with reports of
5 . Once there was a dandelion (蒲公英) living alone by the road. It felt bored and sad all day as no one ever stopped to take a look at or talk to it.
One day, a mother was walking on the road with her baby. The baby was crying hard and loudly. No matter what the mother did, she couldn’t get the baby to stop crying. Then the mother looked down, and she found the lonely dandelion. It looked so lovely in the sun with its white seeds widely open, and more beautiful than other plants around.
The mother squatted down, (蹲下) picking the dandelion softly. Then she brought it up to her baby so that he could see it clearly. When the baby saw the flowers of the dandelion, he quickly stopped crying and looked at them with interest.
His mom put the dandelion near her mouth and blew the flowers up and down. The dandelion seeds then flew in the air, spreading far away with the wind. The mother gave the dandelion to her son. He didn’t know what the plant was, but he knew it was fun to play with, which made him giggle (咯咯笑) so happily.
Now the dandelion knew its value and didn’t feel sad. It lived a beautiful life just by being itself. It wasn’t as beautiful as other flowers, but it brought the child a simple kind of happiness that money can’t buy.
The dandelion’s story tells us that everyone is special and great. We can help others in one way or another. We’re far greater than we think we are.
1. Why did the dandelion feel lonely at first?A.Because no one noticed it . | B.Because it left its mother. |
C.Because it lived by the road. | D.Because it had no friends. |
A.Kind and honest. | B.Friendly and helpful. |
C.Patient and careful. | D.Beautiful and funny. |
A.it could travel farther | B.it found its value |
C.it was powerful again | D.it had more seeds than before |
A.Great minds think alike. |
B.Two heads are better than one. |
C.Rome was not built in a day. |
D.All things in their being are good for something. |
6 . A forest after a wildfire
Throughout my career, I’ve had many chances to enter various wildfire areas. But I’ve
So when I
Knowing there was a story here that needed
For a nature photographer passionate about environmental protection, it’s important to
A.rarely | B.merely | C.usually | D.possibly |
A.sank | B.ran | C.broke | D.stepped |
A.threat | B.warning | C.silence | D.charm |
A.set apart | B.faded away | C.spread out | D.bounced back |
A.smoke | B.pollution | C.trash | D.product |
A.hidden | B.protected | C.bothered | D.held |
A.writing | B.telling | C.adapting | D.continuing |
A.painful | B.strange | C.popular | D.dangerous |
A.appealing | B.rewarding | C.surprising | D.challenging |
A.description | B.cruelty | C.impression | D.recovery |
A.remember | B.enhance | C.confirm | D.record |
A.maintaining | B.abandoning | C.requiring | D.receiving |
A.inspiring | B.refreshing | C.damaging | D.astonishing |
A.belief | B.fantasy | C.imagination | D.harmony |
A.game | B.role | C.rule | D.Idea |
China has planted millions of trees in its northwest over the past two decades as part of its
The effort has paid off. Around 2000, deserts across the country were still increasing by 10,400m2 a year. But in 2017, they were decreasing by more than 2,400m2 a year. The
“In 1999, the Chinese government began planting millions of trees in its Grain for Green Program. It
“The growth of forests is significant
The national forestry department has recognized the error. In recent years, it has worked more closely with researchers and communities to find ways to plant less
“All
8 . Some parents may have had trouble getting their kids away from electronics and outside this summer. But for one Virginia family, this wasn’t the case. Josh and Cassie Sutton recently completed a full-length hike of the Appalachian Trail with their son, Harvey.
At just 5 years old, Harvey, who earned the nickname “Little Man” from fellow hikers, is one of the youngest people known to have completed the roughly 2, 100-mile trail that stretches across 14 states in 209 days.
When Harvey was 2 years old, his parents began training him for hiking by going on mini walks. They slowly increased their mileage day by day—eventually making him adapt to his big adventure. “A lot of people are surprised at how well he did. They’re like, ‘How did you get your 5-year-old to do that because my 5-year-old won’t even walk half a mile without com-plaining?’” Mom Cassie Sutton said.
The Suttons said that while the adventure of the 2, 100-mile hike was fun as a family, it did have its challenges—especially when it came to keeping Harvey entertained. “We learned that he is gifted in hiking, but as long as we’re playing make-believe with him all day long, then he moves quickly and hikes a lot faster than a lot of us imagine,” Josh Sutton said.
While the Suttons have plans for more hikes and family adventures ahead, the family is getting adjusted to life at home again as Harvey begins his latest adventure: kindergarten.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.A 5-year-old hiked 2, 100 miles in about 7 months. |
B.Josh earned the nickname “Little Man” because of his son. |
C.Harvey is the youngest person to cover the 2, 100-mile trail. |
D.One Virginia family had trouble getting away from electronics. |
A.Playing make-believe. | B.Keeping him amused. |
C.Hiking fast enough. | D.Having meals as a family. |
A.Negative. | B.Naughty. | C.Talented. | D.Normal. |
A.To have more games. | B.To get adjusted to family life. |
C.To have more hikes with his family. | D.To receive pre-school education. |
Located in southwest China’s Sichuan Province, Jiuzhaigou Valley is famous
Jiuzhaigou got
The valley is the
Over 80 percent of the scenic area is covered by forests. In the lower regions, there are plenty of grasses and reeds. These are quickly replaced by bamboo forests
The most comfortable climate
10 . Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的)defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, ” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
1. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.A.make them grow better |
B.give them a warning |
C.keep plant-eating animals away |
D.inform plant-eating animals of danger |
A.To introduce another animal. |
B.To confirm the result of the study. |
C.To appeal to people to protect animals. |
D.To analyze different resistance chemicals. |
A.How tomato plants become aware of danger. |
B.What the chemicals in the snail slime are. |
C.Whether the research is of practical value. |
D.What the finding of the research is. |
A.Watchful Plants. | B.Greedy Animals. |
C.A Snail’s Approach. | D.A Defense Attack. |