1 . Don’t call Madison Stewart an environmentalist. She sees herself simply as an individual taking action in defense of something she loves that’s in need of protection.
Despite her youth, the 24-year-old is an undersea veteran (老手). She grew up sailing around the Great Barrier Reef on her parents’ boat and spent her early life free diving while patiently waiting for the day when she could get her scuba diving (水肺潜水) certification, aged 12. Already impressed by sharks, Madison was now pleased to be able to observe them in their own world. “I got to know the sharks...I could recognize them by sight,” Madison says. “Other people had dogs around them growing up. I had sharks.”
But within a couple of years, she saw a great reduction in shark numbers on the reef. “One day I went in the water and couldn’t find my sharks anywhere, sharks I’d spent my childhood with,” she says. “They’d been caught and killed.” It was a great moment for Madison.
She left school at 14 to be homeschooled so she could spend more time in the ocean. She taught herself to shoot underwater video to document sharks in their own world and share her sense of wonder with others. She launched a YouTube channel and built a huge following for her documentaries where she focuses on issues like inadequate protection for some shark species and the global shark fin (鳍) industry.
In 2014 Madison was the subject of the encouraging documentary Shark Girl, which introduced her to a global audience. In 2017 she appeared as an “Ocean Guardian” in the documentary Blue that explored a lot of threats to the world’s marine environments, including the damaging effect of the global shark fishery. The film encourages viewers to get involved and includes practical steps to guide them to do so. It shows Madison’s philosophy that the power of the individual to make a difference by their own direct action should never be underestimated.
1. What did Madison do before getting her scuba diving certification?| A．She went sailing often. | B．She went boating alone. |
| C．She practised free diving. | D．She protected the Great Barrier Reef. |
| A．To record sharks’ world of wonder. | B．To popularize her photography works. |
| C．To raise awareness of shark conservation. | D．To spare more time to accompany sharks. |
| A．Many hands make light work. | B．Action speaks louder than words. |
| C．Together we can make a difference. | D．Personal influence can’t be ignored. |
| A．To introduce an influential conservationist. |
| B．To advertise some encouraging documentaries. |
| C．To inspire people to protect whatever they love. |
| D．To inform people how to preserve marine wildlife. |
1. 简述学校内存在的环境问题;
2. 可以采取的措施;(至少写出两点措施或建议)
3. 提出倡议。
注意：词数 100 左右;可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
What Can We Do for the Environment in Our School
Hello, everyone.
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Thank you for your listening.
People in Bangladesh and India are struggling as they face serious flooding caused by early heavy rains. The floods
The flooding
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last month, our school launched a campaign which intention was to promote environmental protection. The campaign last for one week. Firstly, there was a photo display to show the seriously pollution caused by human activities. Secondly, there was a lecture on many small step that we could take in our daily life protect the environment. For example, taking the bus and using the bike-sharing system would be a good way. Last but not the least, we students were encouraging to decorate our classrooms with recycled materials. Through the campaign, they have benefited a lot. We realize that it is our responsible to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.
5 . Back in 2007, Uruguay had a serious problem with no obvious answer: The economy was growing very fast, but there wasn’t enough energy to power the rapid
Then Ramón Méndez Galain, a physicist, started
Méndez Galain’s plan was built around two simple
To solve the problem of how to pay for all those wind farms, Méndez Galain came up with a variation on a(n)
The strategy worked
| A．decline | B．growth | C．consumption | D．program |
| A．building | B．blocking | C．repairing | D．seeking |
| A．rely on | B．find out | C．refer to | D．give up |
| A．risk | B．power | C．pollution | D．benefit |
| A．facts | B．theories | C．answers | D．principles |
| A．water | B．light | C．wind | D．ice |
| A．tended | B．undeveloped | C．protected | D．limited |
| A．break | B．put | C．send | D．turn |
| A．tool | B．software | C．image | D．approach |
| A．responsible | B．weak | C．private | D．profitable |
| A．public | B．opposite | C．rich | D．powerful |
| A．managing | B．selling | C．abandoning | D．starting |
| A．hardly | B．relatively | C．unexpectedly | D．rarely |
| A．forgotten | B．achieved | C．apologized | D．approved |
| A．income | B．food | C．supply | D．electricity |
6 . Many pet owners desire to talk with their animals. After all, if pets were able to talk, people could take care of them more easily and have closer emotional connections to them, so a number of companies are working on devices and apps that could help understand what animals have to say.
One such app is called MeowTalk.
For dogs, a Japanese company called Inupathy has developed a harness (系带) with a heart rate monitor to record dogs’ heart rate and thus assess dogs’ emotional state.
The harness also has a light that turns red when the dog is excited, but when the dog is relaxed, the light is blue.
The most obvious application of this technology is to help pet owners empathize (共情) with and provide for their pets better.
Anyone who interacts regularly with animals could benefit from understanding their animals better. Thus these technological developments might transform the way we interact with the creatures around us. Maybe in the near future, we can interact with our furry friends more effectively.
| A．Consequently, they can step in more quickly. |
| B．That’s why owners can cure their pets by themselves. |
| C．That’s because different voice indicates various emotions. |
| D．The more owners understand their pets, the easier it is to meet their needs. |
| E．Using voice recognition, it identifies different sounds and offers translations. |
| F．It’s possible because, like humans, it goes up when they are excited or stressed. |
| G．It’s important because an individual uses specific sounds to mean certain things. |
7 . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report. It stated that the world is quickly running out of time to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, the level widely agreed to be the conservative, safety-first goal to prevent serious climate harm. To get there, the world would have to cut current emissions (排放物) by 45 percent by 2030. That sounds absurdly unlikely.
But before we give in to despair, we should remember that the technology to address climate change is going along at high speed. The largest source of US carbon emissions is transportation, and a Green New Deal program for motor vehicles would be quite straightforward.
The reason is simple: With some subsidies (补贴), electric cars and buses are cost- competitive with fossil-fuel vehicles. Electric buses have gone into the market at the greatest speed, because they are a logical choice for electrification. At the end of 2018, electric vehicles were displacing about 280,000 barrels of oil demand per day. That’s more than the whole consumption of Greece.
And the electric car market is also reaching maturity, with appealing designs, longer range, and a quickly-expanding rapid charging network in many countries. It’s worth emphasizing that most of the basic systems necessary to recharge electric vehicles already exist. People often tend to assume that we would need to replace every gas station, but virtually all homes and businesses already have an electrical connection which can be easily improved for fast charging. All that is needed to go fully electric is enough battery capacity and fast charging stations to deal with long trips.
Now America would have to repair its electricity production, rails, shipping, and so on to fully decarbonize (脱碳) the transportation sector. It will be considerably more difficult than simply rooting out fossil fuel vehicles from the market.
But greening America’s vehicles would be straightforward, relatively cheap, and a huge step forward on climate. The politics of climate change are so fearful that despair can seem logical, but the first step in achieving a tough goal is the firm belief that it can be done. And this particular step wouldn’t even be that tough.
1. What can we infer from the IPCC’s report?| A．The world is suffering serious climate harm. |
| B．Global warming is growing out of our control. |
| C．We are too conservative to deal with global warming. |
| D．Cutting emissions is the easiest way to stop climate change. |
| A．By running at the greatest speed. |
| B．By changing the way of transportation. |
| C．By making consumers have logical choices. |
| D．By getting financial support from governments. |
| A．They aren’t so efficient in reducing emissions. |
| B．There’s still much room for designing new ones. |
| C．There aren’t enough fast charging stations for them. |
| D．Home electrical connection can be used for charging them. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Critical. | C．Positive. | D．Uncaring. |
8 . A Swedish company training crows to pick up litter in exchange for food, claims that its program could save communities a fortune in cleaning costs.
Teaching humans not to throw cigarette butts on the street has so far proven impossible, but a Swedish company claims it can teach crows to pick up after us and save local communities millions of dollars in cleaning fees every year. It teaches wild crows to do our dirty work through a step-by-step learning process by rewarding the birds with food for every cigarette butt they collect.
“They are easier to teach and there is also a higher chance of them learning from each other. At the same time, there’s a lower risk of them mistakenly eating any rubbish,” company founder, Hanssen, said. “They’re wild birds taking part in on a voluntary basis.”
Crows are among the smartest birds on Earth, and such training programs have proven successful several times in recent years. In fact, the company is so confident it can pull it off that it has expressed interest in testing it in on a larger scale, in the town of Södertälje.
Hanssen believes that the initiative could save the municipality(自治市)at least 75% of the costs involved with picking up cigarette butts, depending on how hard the crows work. If it proves successful, the company hopes that it will provide a permanent cleaning solution that can be used in other parts of the country and eventually nationwide.
The approach to litter cleaning has gotten positive feedback online, but there are those who think the fact that we can train crows to pick up cigarette bults, but we can’t get humans not to throw them away is hard to accept. Plus, there are the health problems of constantly exposing the birds to the cigarette butts.
1. What is the advantage of the program?| A．It can save food. | B．It can save money. |
| C．It helps protect birds. | D．It helps change people’s bad behavior. |
| A．They have a strong ability to learn. | B．They have a strong sense of smell. |
| C．They are good at collecting rubbish. | D．They are in large numbers in Sweden. |
| A．Only a few people support the program. |
| B．The program can do harm to the crows. |
| C．The company can get a fortune from the program. |
| D．The program has served as a cleaning solution nationwide. |
| A．Crows Learn to Exchange Food | B．Crows Are Good at Collecting Litter |
| C．Crows Are Trained to Pick Up Litter | D．Crows Begin to Feed on Cigarette Butts |
9 . Wang Yaping’s dream of becoming an astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight, which was China’s first manned space mission.
Born in a small village in Yantai, Shandong Province in 1980, Wang had been an enthusiastic long-distance runner since primary school, and competed in local sports meetings.
In 1997, Wang, a high school student, was encouraged to register for the pilot recruitment program by her classmates because she was good at sports and didn’t wear glasses. The 17-year-old had been considering applying to a teaching college, as her parents suggested.
Given her strong build and ability to stay calm under pressure, Wang passed all tests as well as physical examinations and became a female pilot in China. After four years of systemic education and tough training, Wang eventually learned to fly four different types of aircraft before graduation.
During her service as a military pilot, she accumulated 1,567 hours of flight time and was involved in major tasks such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake relief effort and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
In May 2010, Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts. The joy of being selected did not last long as the hard training quickly sank in.
In the first year, Wang could not get the top level in the high-G training, during which she had to endure eight times the force of gravity in a spinning centrifuge. The training imitates the environment when the spacecraft takes off, enters orbit and returns. Wang improved her performance by doing extra core-strength exercises every day to strengthen her back and abdominal muscles. She got the top level at the end of 2011. Wang realized her space dream in 2013 as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission.
Over the past two years, Wang has logged in over 6,000 hours of strict training. The most tiring exercise was the seven-hour underwater training session during which she had to wear a special suit that weighed over 100 kilograms to simulate extravehicular activities in a weightless environment.
Wang has become the first female taikonaut to work in China’s Tiangong space station as well as the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk.
1. Why did Wang want to become an astronaut?| A．Because she was able to stay calm under pressure. |
| B．Because she was good at sports and didn’t wear glasses. |
| C．Because she was influenced by China’s first manned space flight. |
| D．Because she was advised to register for the pilot program by her parents. |
| A．Wang won a long-distance runner championship |
| B．Wang was the first Chinese female to take a spacewalk |
| C．Wang went to a teaching college encouraged by her classmates |
| D．Wang thought the seven-hour underwater training session was easy |
| A．She learned to fly four different types of aircraft. |
| B．She participated in the Shenzhou-10 mission of China. |
| C．She received four years of systemic education in university. |
| D．She got involved in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake relief effort. |
| A．Calm and friendly. | B．Warm-hearted and creative. |
| C．Modest and honest. | D．Hardworking and determined. |
10 . Last year in early summer, I was walking to my house when I saw two large birds standing in my yard. They didn’t seem to
A few weeks later, the birds
As I inched towards the birds,
The mother put the baby birds under her wings and carefully crouched down over them so her babies were well
I was watching them with respect when I suddenly
I felt sorry to have disturbed them and left quickly. I am amazed by their
| A．remind | B．confirm | C．notice | D．protest |
| A．immediately | B．familiarly | C．creatively | D．slowly |
| A．feeling | B．sense | C．opinion | D．idea |
| A．investigated | B．removed | C．gathered | D．reappeared |
| A．stuck out | B．put down | C．hang out | D．turned around |
| A．collection | B．discovery | C．conclusion | D．mission |
| A．jumping | B．fighting | C．seeking | D．marching |
| A．curious | B．patient | C．worried | D．careful |
| A．neater | B．simpler | C．longer | D．stronger |
| A．fed | B．hidden | C．raised | D．identified |
| A．tripped | B．moved | C．alarmed | D．responded |
| A．target | B．defence | C．threat | D．escape. |
| A．shooting | B．spilling | C．folding | D．spreading |
| A．military | B．individual | C．brave | D．average |
| A．gratitude | B．respect | C．emotion | D．pleasure |
