1 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

People in Bangladesh and India are struggling as they face serious flooding caused by early heavy rains. The floods     1     (cover)roads, bridges, and entire villages so far.     2     (million)of people have been left helpless by the floodwaters. The flooding in Bangladesh is the     3     (bad)in nearly 20 years. The United Nations(UN)says that the flooding has affected at least 4 million people in Bangladesh. The floods have hit the districts of Sylhet and Sunamganj     4     (especial)hard. In these areas, about 2 million people were left cut off from areas nearby.

The flooding     5     (cause)by heavy rains. Two rivers     6     run near Bangladesh’s border with India, the Surma and the Kushiara, hit the highest water levels ever recorded. The government has made the     7     (decide)to close almost 600 schools. Some are to be closed because of flooding. Others will be turned     8     emergency shelters. Bangladesh is a low-lying country, and often has floods.     9     same is true for parts of India. But normally, most flooding happens later in the year. Scientists say that because of the climate crisis, extreme weather     10     (include)heat waves, severe storms, heavy rains, and flooding is becoming far more common.

2 . With greater climate disasters lying ahead, it is natural for us to make every effort to stop a series of floods, unusual snowstorms, and alarming reports from scientists. For many of us, part of that means running out to buy reusable drinking tubes, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products.

However, before you are joyful of your “green” purchases, take a second to consider a principle that should be obvious: simply consuming less is better for the planet. After all, every new item a factory pumps out requires some resources to produce. But in the confusing stream of environmental news, this simple truth can get lost. Take plastic bag bans for instance. If your city is getting rid of single-use shopping bags, it can be tempting to pay for that fashionable organic cotton bag hanging in the check-outline of supermarkets. However, experts who have analyzed the data on environmental impact insist that growing cotton is actually no better for the Earth than producing the conventional plastic bag. Any bag you already own is your best bet for carrying your groceries if you care about sustainability.

It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less. You will feel more contented too. There is a common view that green buying patterns mean people are going green. However, it doesn’t seem to be that way. Reduced consumption has positive effects on increased well-being, but you don’t see that with “green” consumption.

Many studies have shown that materialism in general makes us unhappy and lonely. It is perfectly possible to be a materialist and an environmentalist at the same time. Lusting (欲望) for every new “green” product on the market might make you feel good about yourself but it presents the same emotional traps as lusting for whatever the Joneses next door are buying. If you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.

1. What is the function of Paragraph 1?

A．To introduce the topic.

B．To send a warning.

C．To offer practical advice.

D．To advocate green purchases.

2. Why does the author mention “plastic bag ban”?

A．To promote cotton bags.

B．To call for less consumption.

C．To ban the using of plastic bags.

D．To reveal the harm of using plastic bags.

3. What do many people believe according to the text?

A．Buying less does benefit to the Earth.

B．Green consumption increases well-being.

C．Buying green indicates a green awareness.

D．Being green gives rise to more consumption.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Green Products Win Popularity

B．Don’t Be Lost in Environmental Passion

C．Buying Green Is Never a Final Solution

D．Buying Less Beats Buying Green

3 . Scientists from Deakin University in Australia have traced how about 30 species changed across various time periods in response to rising temperatures. They searched through nearly 100 past studies by other researchers, and tracked comparisons that date back a century or two in some cases. They found many creatures are changing the sizes and shapes of certain body parts.

“Warm-blooded animals in the wild rely on their own bodies to avoid overheating. They release heat through their appendages (肢体),” explains Sara Ryding, who led the study. For little creatures. like mice, tails do the job. For birds, their bills (喙) do the work.

The animals’ shape-shifting changes make sense, researchers say. In biology, an established concept called Bergmann’s rule shows that creatures that live in colder climates tend to be larger and thicker than those closer to the equator (赤道). Later, a biologist, Joel Asaph Allen further expanded the concept, saying that animals that adapted to cold climates have shorter limbs (肢) and bodily appendages — to keep the warmth in. For similar reasons, in hotter climates, warm-blooded animals"appendages become larger, relative to their body size. Larger appendages can help animals release more heat into the surrounding air.

Ryding’s team also conducted various field studies. One of them measured the bills of Galapagos finches from 2003 to 2011 and found they enlarged in response to temperature rises. Other data the researchers analyzed focused on European rabbits, which were brought to Australia and settled in areas with different weather. Those that found themselves in hotter places developed longer ears over time.

However, the researchers aren’t sure whether this shape-shifting is a good development. If larger ears or bills can help the animal cool off, that’s a good thing. But certain changes may damage some creatures’ ability to hunt for food. “If you’re a hummingbird and your bill is getting broader and wider, it may become too large to effectively feed on flowers where you’ re drawing your nutrition from,” says Ryding.

1. How did the scientists carry out their study?

A．By experimenting in the wild.	B．By referring to previous data.
C．By exploring a variety of fields.	D．By collecting information worldwide.

2. Why is Bergmann’s rule mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To offer background information.	B．To raise doubts about a concept.
C．To stress the role of weather changes.	D．To explain the researchers’ findings.

3. What do the researchers want to find out about animals’ shape-shifting changes?

A．Their rules.

B．Their reason.

C．Their effects.

D．Their frequency.

4. What does the text mainly tell us?

A．Animals are good at surviving tough situations.

B．Animals base their body changes on their environments.

C．Climate change forces animals to change their habitats.

D．It is wise of animals to use their different body parts effectively.