3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. prevented              B. stubbornly              C. banning              D. attention              E ignore F. fortunately              G. overlooked              H. track              I. extend              J. solution              K. bowing

Climate protests drew millions around the world in September. Many of the Democratic presidential candidates have rolled out ambitious plans to cut carbon while making the economy greener. And yet a leading cause of climate change remains persistently     1    : clothing.

The clothing and footwear industry is responsible for 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Without intervention (干预), the industry’s impact on the climate is on     2     to increase by almost half by 2030.

Clothes are easy to     3     because they are made far away and have throughout history been made by low-paid laborers. But clothing affects every other environmental problem we care about. A cotton T-shirt requires thousands of gallons of water to make. And when the polyester or nylon clothes get washed, they junk up our oceans with microplastic pollution.

But     4    , some clothing companies are waking up to the climate crisis. A growing number of brands are     5     to grass-roots pressure and consumer surveys that show that sustainability and ethics are top concerns for young shoppers.

But fashion can’t go green by itself. It won’t even make a dent (凹痕) in the problem without international cooperation and mainstream     6    .

The clothing industry, like most industries, is also     7     reliant on fossil fuels. They’re used to fire up boilers in textile mills, to make the pesticides dumped onto cotton fields and to produce the gobs of chemicals that dye and finish fabrics. Getting clothing off oil will not be easy.

Consumers have an important part to play in making fashion sustainable. We can work to     8     the life of all clothes by switching more of our purchases to secondhand and online resale, renting for special occasions, and repairing clothes instead of throwing them away.

We need activists, journalists, scientists and academics who focus on sustainability to include clothing in their work. And we need government action and innovative policy that addresses the global impact of the stuff we buy. For example, France has passed a bill     9     the destruction of unsold clothing.

But first we need all people who care about climate change to understand that they’re part of the problem and the     10    , just by wearing clothes.

6 . • What are geysers?

Geysers are types of hot springs which periodically shoot a column of steaming water high into the air. They occur in areas of volcanic activity where hot lava is found close to the Earth’s surface. The name comes from the Icelandic verb geysa, to gush.

• How do geysers work?

Geysers only form under very specific conditions. There must be ample groundwater; an underground heat source; and a ‘plumbing system’ made up of reservoirs and vertical passages or ‘pipes’ through which heated water travels on its way to the Earth’s surface.

Cool water on the Earth’s surface trickles down through porous (多孔渗水的) rock. As it approaches the heat source (hot rocks or a magma chamber) it is heated to extremely high temperatures and starts to rise through a ‘pipe’. The water would usually turn to steam but its depth, plus the weight of cooler water above it, creates what is called a confining pressure that prevents the superheated water from boiling and turning to steam. As the water rises this pressure lessens and steam finally forms and is trapped in' the reservoir. Over time the pressure in the reservoir continues to build until the steam forces the water upwards through the passage to the surface of the Earth, where it erupts through a vent in a spectacular column of steaming water.

• Where are geysers found?

Geysers are rare, with only around 1,000 active worldwide. They occur in the United States (US), Russia, Chile, New Zealand and Iceland. Some erupt almost predictably in cycles of minutes, hours or days, and some have years between eruptions. The tallest active geyser in the world is Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park (US) which can shoot water more than 90 metres into the air. Unfortunately, it has only done so five times from 2003 to 2013.

1. The diagram helps to ________.

A．give more detailed explanations of the terms in the text

B．provide additional information through a graphic

C．illustrate why geysers are unpredictable

D．show the information in the text in a graphic form

2. What is the correct order of events as they occur in the formation of a geyser eruption?
①magma heats water
②steam pressure lifts water
③water collects in a reservoir
④groundwater penetrates rock
⑤water rises in a pipe

A．④①③⑤②

B．⑤④③①②

C．①⑤③④②

D．④①⑤③②

3. Where does the passage probably come from?

A．A science fiction.	B．A research plan.
C．An encyclopedia.	D．A travel journal.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Boyan Slat, a Dutch inventor is cleaning the world’s most polluted rivers in an effort to save the oceans. He has made it his mission    1    (remove) plastic from the oceans. His organization, The Ocean Cleanup, has successfully started to clean the pollution that has been circling in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But millions more tons of plastic enter the oceans every year, almost all of it     2     (flow) from rivers.

Just 10 rivers are responsible for around 90% of all that plastic,     3    a 2017 study from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. “So     4    we focus on the worst rivers, we believe we can really have the fastest and most cost-effective way to close the tap and prevent more plastic from reaching the oceans in the first place,” Slat said.

The Ocean Cleanup is effectively using floating trash collectors called “Interceptors”. These solar-powered, autonomous systems use the rivers’ currents to guide the trash onto a conveyor belt that carry the waste to     5     (await) bins.

The first interceptor went to work in Jakarta, Indonesia, to pull plastic from a waterway called the Cengkareng drain. A second interceptor began collecting trash flowing down the Klang river in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On the other side of the world,     6    Interceptor has recently started removing river pollution near the mouth of the Rio Ozama in the Dominican Republic.

“    7    the river is polluted, the fish die. Every year there are less fish,” Luis Peguero, a local fisherman, explained. When Peguero is lucky enough to reel in (收线拉起) a catch, it     8    not be safe for his family to eat. “You find stuff in the fish, especially the catfish. Trash, bottle lids, even a shoe. The fish can’t survive this,” said Peguero. To him, the modern trash-collecting catamaran (双体船) is a peculiar but welcome sight.

The Ocean Cleanup is working with the local governments and communities to help retrieve (取回) the plastic the Interceptors collect. “By stopping plastic in rivers, we hope to not only address the big global plastic pollution issue, but also really help make life better for the people    9    live near these problematic rivers,” said Slat.

The Ocean Cleanup’s goal is to tackle the thousand most polluted rivers within 5 years. Soon interceptors     10     (head) to Vietnam, Thailand, Jamaica and Los Angeles County in the United States.

“We are getting out tons of plastic every single day,” Slat said. “We accept that we won’t deliver magic in one go. But we’re doing this, step by step.”

10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

We Must Act Now to Protect Our Threatened Oceans

Last week, climate strikers young and old came out in force to call upon the government to act with greater urgency in tackling the global climate emergency.

They     1     very well feel a need to step up their demands upon hearing the awful findings of the special report on the ocean and cryosphere（低温层）in a changing climate, released on Wednesday by the International Panel on Climate Change. The report highlighted the intimate connections which exist between our climate, our oceans and our very existence. It presented irrefutable scientific evidence     2     our warming climate is placing marine and frozen areas of our planet in grave danger, with some changes happening at a much larger scale and faster rate than previously     3    （predict）.

Urgent action is needed     4     we are to keep our planet-and our oceans-safe and habitable. This requires     5    （ambition） targets to reduce our carbon emissions and to shift our energy system away from polluting fossil fuels towards 100% renewable energies Change is also needed in international cooperation around     6     our oceans are protected.

It is hoped that early next year UN member states     7    （sign）a strong global ocean treaty that could pave the way for the creation of marine sanctuaries（禁猎区）.     8    （place）at least 30%of oceans off limits to human activities such as commercial fishing and oil and gas exploration. This is a crucial step towards building the resilience of marine ecosystems and securing a sustainable future for those     9     livelihoods depend on our oceans.

The government has been a vocal champion for ocean conservation. Now is the time for Britain     10    （turn）political will into decisive action by leading the way with the forging of a new global ocean treaty. The prime minster's direct involvement could make the difference between a watered-down agreement or a powerful one