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文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。

1 . Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.

Group Assignments (30%)

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A.A textbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.
C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.
2022-06-08更新 | 13526次组卷 | 30卷引用:上海南汇中学2023-2024学年高三学期上10月阶段练习英语试题
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文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉,安全舒适的旅馆。

2 . Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.

Youth Station Hostel

If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.

1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A.Comfort.B.Security.
C.Price.D.Location.
2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A.Yellow Hostel.B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C.Youth Station Hostel.D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A.It gets noisy at night.B.Its staff is too talkative.
C.It charges for Wi-Fi.D.It’s inconveniently located.
2021-06-09更新 | 15591次组卷 | 77卷引用:上海市顾村中学2021-2022学年高二上学期10月考试英语试卷
完形填空(约190词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次春假时,作者去工厂打工赚钱,感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让孩子感谢得到的报酬,而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。

3 . My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.

My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, _________ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its _________throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for _________ help during our spring break, for which I had no_________ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d _________ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory_________. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their _________.

Our_________in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose._________ bunny from the belt. This was ____________ than it sounds.____________ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d   ____________ .

Dad __________. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood____________ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you____________ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.

1.
A.soldB.orderedC.madeD.reserved
2.
A.storesB.familiesC.schoolsD.citizens
3.
A.generousB.financialC.technicalD.temporary
4.
A.plansB.problemsC.excusesD.hobbies
5.
A.offerB.earnC.setD.suggest
6.
A.workedB.closedC.developedD.survived
7.
A.ambitionB.permissionC.experienceD.invitation
8.
A.joysB.ideasC.rolesD.choices
9.
A.SaveB.KeepC.StopD.Remove
10.
A.harderB.betterC.longerD.cheaper
11.
A.Calm downB.Slow downC.Stay onD.Move on
12.
A.indicatedB.witnessedC.expectedD.remembered
13.
A.criedB.smiledC.hesitatedD.refused
14.
A.tastingB.findingC.sharingD.delivering
15.
A.withdrawB.donateC.receiveD.appreciate
2021-06-09更新 | 15845次组卷 | 49卷引用:上海市顾村中学2021-2022学年高二上学期10月考试英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕,拍摄自己的旅行,并将自然当作一个品牌,推销给年轻人。

4 . We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.

In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.

“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”

Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.

1. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A.They often annoy their neighbours.B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play withD.They stay in front of screens for too long.
2. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A.By making a documentary film.B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media.D.By creating a network of friends.
3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Let Children Have FunB.Young Children Need More Free Time
C.Market Nature to ChildrenD.David Bond: A Role Model for Children
2021-06-15更新 | 5589次组卷 | 41卷引用:上海市金山中学2021-2022学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷
语法填空-短文语填(约190词) | 容易(0.94) |
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文,介绍了宁波市一名年轻女子将其家族公司的竹制品销往世界,帮助相当多的竹农增加收入。
5 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Ningbo city, a young woman has made the bamboo product brand of her family’s company famous around the world,    1    (help)a fair number of bamboo farmers increase their income.

Wang Xiaoqing, born in the 1990s,    2    (find) that in the US, Chinese bamboo products were popular among customers,    3    many of them carried foreign brands, despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”. She decided to return to China and build a bamboo product brand after finishing her education abroad in 2013.

In 2018,a bamboo table    4    (produce) by the company of Wang’s family shined at the first Global Bamboo Congress.“    5    fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamboo culture and its long history. It provides a sound foundation for the global    6    (expand) of China’s bamboo industry”, Wang said. Her company is    7    (current) engaged in the design, manufacturing and sales of bamboo products. It produces over 10 million bamboo products each year, 85 percent of which     8     (sell) in the global market.

Serving    9    vice president of the entrepreneurship promotion association for returned overseas students in Ningbo city, Wang plans to contribute more to rural vitalization. “I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get     10     (rich),”Wang said.

阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 较难(0.4) |
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6 . Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patters.D.They were closely connected
2. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Complex.B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modern.
3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A.About 6,800 .B.About 3,400
C.About 2,400D.About 1,200.
4. What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
2018-06-09更新 | 10292次组卷 | 62卷引用:上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约450词) | 困难(0.15) |
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文章大意:本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中,Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来,这是其诱发用户精神紧张,放大了自身的自尊问题所致,本质上是人的问题。

7 . Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.

While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram.

Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.

While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?

While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.

Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.

Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.

1. The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________.
A.are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps
B.address the Instagram - induced mental pain
C.are only based on the data released by Facebook
D.are not directed at the fundamental problem
2. Netflix is mentioned to __________.
A.compare the criticisms against it and Facebook
B.defend why Facebook is to blame
C.suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point
D.show Netflix does more harm to teens
3. The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________.
A.it is human nature to get addicted to social media
B.users decide on their experiences on social media
C.people have a tendency to feel insecure online
D.people are keen on fabricating their self - profile
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A.the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook
B.the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide
C.the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains
D.the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers
阅读理解-阅读单选(约450词) | 较难(0.4) |
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8 . Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.

Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.
C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.
2. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________.
A.present an assumptionB.evaluate an argument
C.highlight an experimentD.introduce an approach
3. What can we learn from this passage?
A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.
4. What can we infer from this passage?
A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C.We should live in harmony with nature.
D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.
2021-09-06更新 | 3947次组卷 | 13卷引用:上海市洋泾中学2021-2022学年高三上学期12月考试英语试题
9 . Adults, ________overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ children do not.
A.unless … butB.although … and
C.when … whereD.even if … unless
2022-01-28更新 | 1452次组卷 | 3卷引用:上海市浦东新区华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题
21-22高三上·上海·阶段练习
阅读理解-阅读单选(约550词) | 困难(0.15) |
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文章大意:这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法,无情地探索现实的结构。作者认为但是科学未能发展的更好的原因在于激励。大多数科学家对了解世界真的很感兴趣,而且是诚实的。激励的问题在于,它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下塑造文化规范。

10 . Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentives.

There are often substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.

All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not to replicate (复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them — but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.

But there are also ways in which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.

It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears. Why? Why aren’t scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.

In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.

We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure (终身教授) grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?

An oft-used metric (标准,度量) is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.

If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system (钻空子). And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud (欺诈). If malicious (恶意的) fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.

However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Scientists are expected to persistently devoted to exploration of reality.
B.The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.
C.Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments’ results.
D.The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.
2. What does deaf ears in the fourth paragraph probably refer to?
A.The public.B.The incentive initiators.
C.The peer researchers.D.The high-impact journal editors.
3. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A.Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.
B.Competition for resources pushes researchers to publish in a more productive way.
C.All the credentialed scholars and researchers will take up university professorships.
D.The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.
4. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?
A.High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.
B.The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.
C.Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.
D.Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.
2023-05-23更新 | 1016次组卷 | 4卷引用:上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2022届高三上学期10月阶段测试卷英语试题
共计 平均难度:一般