1 . 根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。

The Baihetan hydropower plant, China's second largest hydropower facility on the upstream branch of the Yangtze river, was     1     (formal) completed on Tuesday after the last generating unit was connected.

The plant is estimated to generate 62.44 billion kilowatt-hours annually,     2     could save about 90 million tons of coal a year and cut annual carbon dioxide emissions (排放) by about 248 million tons.

Baihetan is one of six huge hydropower     3     (station) along the Yangtze river, China's longest. The Three Gorges Corporation, the project's developer, has described the 289-meter dam (大坝) and     4     (it) associated facilities as one of the country's biggest and     5     (challenging) engineering projects.

Construction began in 2017, with a total investment     6     (estimate) at 170 billion yuan. As     7     major project in China's west-east power transmission (输送) program, it will deliver electricity across the country     8     cities in the east.

China goes on     9     (construct) hydropower plants in the southwest, despite a long and severe drought in the summer of 2022 that saw generation volumes drop, forcing regions     10     (limit) power consumption.

2 . High on the top of California's White Mountains, the hard conditions make it difficult for life to take root. But for a certain type of tree — and for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect place.

These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the world. Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the ancients. "It's remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these trees and know that it was growing when the Pyramids were built." Bunn added.

"By studying samples (样本) from the trunks, it's possible to discover their hidden history. Each annual tree ring is like a time capsule of the environment for that year from which it was formed," said Matt Salzer, a scientist at the University of Arizona's Laboratory of Tree Ring Research. "And it contains many different types of information — chemical information, the information on growth, and climate information."

"If you're trying to look at people in the past through time, tree rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human life," said University of Arizona Professor Charlotte Pearson. She first became fascinated with the bristlecones after reading about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini. "It blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be used to date this thing within a single year," she said excitedly.

The oldest known living bristlecone is estimated to be over 4, 800 years old. For Bunn, the climate record written in the rings offers guidance for how we might think about what's happening in the present as we plan for the future. "What we're seeing increasingly is that a lot of the climate events that we are experiencing and living through right now have no example in the paleoclimate (古气候) record," he said. “So, we really are moving into unknown field."

1. Why does Bunn mention the Pyramids in Paragraph 2?

A．To state the trees' age is very old.	B．To prove his discovery is important.
C．To attract readers' attention.	D．To stress the hard living condition of the trees.

2. What's the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The result of the research.	B．The process of the research.
C．The method of the research.	D．The significance of the research.

3. What do the underlined words "It blew my mind" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．It confused me.	B．It surprised me.
C．It defeated me.	D．It disappointed me.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Paleoclimate record is hard to find.

B．There are lots of unknown things about pines.

C．Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.

D．There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A freezing downpour washed the street in front of the small-town bar. I sat gazing into the watery darkness, alone as usual. I had been in that old bar for half an hour, quietly drinking, when my thoughtful eyes finally focused on a medium-sized lump (一团) in a puddle (水洼) a hundred feet away. For another ten minutes, I looked out through the window trying to decide if the lump was an animal or just something.

The night before, a German dog named Shep had come into the bar begging for potato chips. He was starving and just the size of the lump in the puddle. Why should a dog lie in a cold puddle in the freezing rain? I asked myself. The answer was simple: Either it wasn’t a dog, or it was, he was too weak to get up.

The wound in my right shoulder ached all the way down my fingers. I didn’t want to go out in the storm. Hey, it wasn’t my dog. It was just a stray on a cold rainy night, a lonely drifter (流浪者). So was I, I thought, as I tossed (扔) down what was left of my drink and headed out the door.

He was lying in the three inches of water. When I touched him, he didn’t move. I thought he was dead. I put my hands around his chest and raised him to his feet. He stood unsteadily, and his head hung like a weight at the end of his neck. His floppy ears were just hairless pieces of flesh dotted with open sores (伤口).

“Come on, Shep,” I said, leading him to a corner next to the bar, where he lay on the cold cement and closed his eyes. A block away I could see the lights of a late-night convenience store. It was still open. I bought three cans of dog food and fed him. He couldn’t swallow but poorly look at me. He was dying!

注意：1. 续写词数应为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The local vet (兽医) was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Three days later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

May 22 marks the annual International Day for Biological Diversity,    1     theme for this year is “From Agreement to Action: Build Back Biodiversity”. Nearly half of the global GDP output is related    2    biological diversity. Nearly 40 percent of the global population makes their living on marine or coastal biodiversity.

China is one of the world’s most biologically     3    (diversity) countries. China is home to the world’s third largest number of higher plant species with 35,000,     4     (account) for the world’s 10 percent of the category. The country also owns 686 species of mammals and     5    largest number of unique mammal species. China has 24.02 percent of    6     (it) territory covered by forest and     7    (top) the fifth globally in terms of forest resource coverage.

From the perspective of the world, however, the numbers of wild animals in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region have dropped 66 percent and 55 percent     8    (respective) due to habitat degradation (恶化), development and pollution, climate change and diseases. The threat that worldwide biological diversity is under is worsening as 41 percent of the world’s amphibians, 26 percent of the mammals and 14 percent of birds are facing extinction.

What are we supposed to do? Don’t eat, purchase wild animals. Reduce using plastic     9     (item). Save water and power. Reduce     10     (consume) of domestic paper. Plant trees and forests.

5 . Most pet owners are clear about the immediate joys that come with sharing their lives with companion animals. However, many of us remain unaware of the physical and mental health benefits that a furry friend can bring us.     1    

Increasing exercise. Taking a dog for a walk, hike or run is a fun and rewarding way to fit healthy daily exercise into your schedule. Studies have shown that dog owners are far more likely to meet their daily exercise requirements, and exercising every day is great for the animal as well.     2    

Providing companionship. Companionship can help prevent illness and even add years to your life, while isolation and loneliness can trigger symptoms of depression.    3     Most dog and cat owners talk to their pets, and some even use them to work through their troubles. And nothing beats loneliness like coming home to a wagging tail or purring cat.

    4    The companionship of an animal can offer comfort and build self-confidence for people anxious about going out into the world. Because pets tend to live in the moment — they don’t worry about what happened yesterday or what might happen tomorrow — they can help you become more mindful and appreciate the joy of the present.

Adding structure and routine to your day.     5     Having a consistent routine keeps an animal balanced and calm, and it can work for you, too. No matter your mood — depressed, anxious, or stressed — one pitiful look from your pet and you’ll have to get out of bed to feed and care for them.

A．Reducing anxiety.

B．Finding meaning in life.

C．Pets provide valuable companionship for older adults.

D．Caring for an animal makes you feel needed and wanted, especially if you live alone.

E．In fact, caring for a pet helps us make many healthy lifestyle changes.

F．It will deepen your bond and keep your pet fit and healthy.

G．Many pets, especially dogs, require a regular feeding and exercise schedule.

6 . In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.

The limited lifespan of many tech gadgets(设备)has caused the issue of e-waste to increase over the years. “People tend not to realize that all these seemingly insignificant things have a lot of value, especially in large amounts, ”Pascal Leroy, director general of the WEEE Forum, said in a statement

How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers. Actually, large amounts of e-waste are shipped to developing countries that lack the power to refuse and safely recycle these imports. The WHO warned that children, with their smaller hands, are often used to deal with mountains of e-waste in developing nations in search of valuable elements such as copper, silver, palladium and so on. The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.

Personally, what can you do to reduce the e-waste burden? Find an e-waste disposal(处理) service. The impact of recycling e-waste can be staggering. For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered. Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible

1. What might come along with companies launching new e-products?

A．More electronic waste.

B．Few optional tech gadgets.

C．Limited lifespan of the devices.

D．Important things for consumers.

2. Why are children greatly influenced by e-waste according to the WHO?

A．Developed countries can’t recycle e-waste safely.

B．E-waste mountains are places for children to play.

C．Many valuable elements can be found on e-waste mountains.

D．Children are hired in the informal e-waste processing industry.

3. What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Interesting.

B．Surprising.

C．Annoying.

D．Challenging.

4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A．What is the source of e-waste?	B．E-waste—a serious problem?
C．E-waste—a processing industry?	D．What to do with your e-waste?

7 . In the animal world, speed is king. Fast animals have a leg up in outrunning other animals, which puts them high on the food chain. It would seem that all animals would go for speed, but then there’s the sloth (树懒). While a lion can go from 0 to 60 miles an hour in only five seconds, it takes a sloth all day to cover no more than 50 meters.

Sloths live entirely in trees on a diet of leaves. And for this, they are extremely rare. While most of the land world is covered in trees, there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree home. The aim of a 2016 study, says Jonathan Pauli, a University of Alabama professor of forest and wildlife ecology, was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique. “Among vertebrates, this is the rarest of lifestyles”, says Pauli. “When you picture animals that live off plant leaves, they are almost all big-things like deer. What’s super interesting about sloths is that they can’t be big.”

For their research, Pauli and his Wisconsin team studied wild sloths at a field site. When the researchers measured the energy use of sloths, they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day. And for this, they take the cake: it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal (哺乳动物).

“The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day,”says Pauli, who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating-so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets, which means using tiny amounts of energy, dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace.

Their reward? A wonderfully widespread ecological system to call their own, one slow inch at a time.

1. Why is a lion mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To admire lions’ speed.	B．To state sloths’ weakness.
C．To confirm lions’ lead position.	D．To highlight sloths’ uniqueness.

2. What is the 2016 study mainly about?

A．The lifestyle of sloths.	B．The diet of vertebrates.
C．The species of rare animals.	D．The energy use of creatures.

3. What does the underlined part “take the cake” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Break down.

B．Keep on.

C．Stand out.

D．Grow up.

4. What can be inferred about sloths from Pauli’s words?

A．Their slow pace is a balanced choice.

B．They are in face of possible extinction.

C．Their slow pace decides a tiny appetite.

D．They suffer a lot against natural enemies.

8 . Michael Jackson had Bubbles, a chimpanzee(黑猩猩). Justin Bieber had Og Mally, a capuchin(卷尾猴), until it was seized by German customs officials and put in a zoo. Rihanna has been photographed bottle-feeding a baby monkey on holiday. The stars would find few fans in the British government, which on December 12, 2020 placed new restrictions on keeping primates(灵长目动物)as pets. Somewhere between 1,000 and 5,000 marmoserts, lemurs, tamarins and other little species of primates are kept in private ownership in Britain, the government says, often bored to misery.

One of the benefits of cutting loose from the European continent is that Britain can fully express its passion for animals. Politicians are only too happy to work for it, for pet-friendly policies are cheap and popular. In the previous election, the Tory Party promised to help reunite missing pets with their owners by making it compulsory to put chips into the bodies of cats and dogs, and to deal with animal smuggling(走私). The Labour Party promised to ban the live-boiling of lobsters in restaurants.

Yet, Britain’s animal welfare laws are already among the most comprehensive in the world, according to the Animal Protection Index.

Wild animals in traveling circuses were banned by law last year, but a decreasing public appetite for parades of elephants and tigers balanced on chairs had already put an end to the business. By the time the ban came into force, only two licensed animal circuses were left in Britain. Members of Parliament are moved by the sad loss of pets because of motor accidents. James Daly has proposed Gizmo’s Law, named after a cat, the victim of a hit-and-run accident, which was burned without its owner’s knowledge. The law requires that dead animals be brought back from the roadside to scan them for microchips, so that they can be reunited with their brokenhearted owners rather than being burned without their names being known. A draft bill in 2018 proposed criminalizing drivers who failed to stop after striking a cat. Hit-and-runs on dogs, pigs, goats and humans are already illegal.

1. What does the author want to introduce by mentioning the three stars in Paragraph 1?

A．A recent pet-friendly policy in Britain.

B．British people’s passion for animals.

C．A trend towards keeping primates as pets.

D．The present situation of primates in Britain.

2. What do we know about Britain’s politicians?

A．They’re two-faced about animal welfare.

B．They disapprove of European animal welfare.

C．They used to blame each other on animal welfare.

D．They devoted to making laws on animal welfare.

3. Why are dead animals in Gizmo’s Law scanned?

A．To track the hit-and-run driver.

B．To help the animals find their way home.

C．To inform their owners of the accidents.

D．To find out the exact locations of the accidents.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Animal welfare: all you need to know

B．Could Britain be a leader in animal welfare?

C．Could animal welfare plans be smart politics?

D．Animal welfare: a favorite issue for politicians.

9 . Returning home from a fortnight’s holiday, we noticed there had been a lot of rain in our area. As I was checking out some pole holes that my husband, Peter, had _________, I noticed that they were a quarter _________ with rain. I was surprised to see that a little hedgehog (刺猬) had _________ into one of them.

I am still amazed that he did not _________. Peter put some gloves on, reached in and pulled the _________thing out. It was quite _________ in the evening so we put him on a _________ to keep warm and gave him some vegetables. The next morning when Peter went out to _________ the hedgehog, he was nowhere to be seen.

We didn’t see him again until six months later. It was about 8 pm when I heard a(n) _________ sound and light knocking at the front door. I opened the door, and to my __________, there was the hedgehog.

I had read somewhere that hedgehogs carry worms so I tried to __________ him out. I didn’t want him to __________ on my carpet. The children, on the other hand, were quite __________ because the hedgehogs rolled up into a __________ when they touched him. After sticking around for a few minutes, he slipped off. I came to the __________ that he had come in to thank us for saving him.

1.

A．dug

B．found

C．tom

D．cut

2.

A．low

B．high

C．wide

D．full

3.

A．slept

B．swum

C．fallen

D．hidden

4.

A．float

B．drown

C．escape

D．fear

5.

A．poor

B．heavy

C．dirty

D．terrible

6.

A．hot

B．cold

C．frightening

D．comfortable

7.

A．wood

B．table

C．blanket

D．bag

8.

A．pick up

B．check on

C．take out

D．send away

9.

A．unusual

B．rude

C．impossible

D．sharp

10.

A．confusion

B．comfort

C．surprise

D．disappointment

11.

A．carry

B．lead

C．show

D．drive

12.

A．lie

B．walk

C．jump

D．stand

13.

A．excited

B．nervous

C．calm

D．concerned

14.

A．pile

B．box

C．ball

D．pole

15.

A．condition

B．argument

C．question

D．conclusion

10 . Instead of being addicted to smartphones and games, Zhang Yixuan prefers to spend his summer vacation walking in nature, meeting with little creatures like shrimps and crabs (蟹).

The 17-year-old boy went viral on Sina Weibo recently for his knowledge of biology, which led him to discover a new species of freshwater crabs of Sinolapotamon in 2022.

Zhang’s father, who was born in a rural area, loved catching fish and crabs himself at an early age, so Zhang was always taken outdoors by his parents to explore as much as possible and observe little creatures quietly without being interrupted. Now a grade 12 student at Yulin High School, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous regıon, Zhang has dozens of “living treasures” that he has collected from the outdoors, including insects, fish, shrimps and crabs.

“This one is a species of Nanhaipotamon that I caught in a mountainous area,” said Zhang, pointing to a bright-colored crab moving its amusing eyes around. “You can see it just shed its shell.” There is also a row of empty bottles and jars in Zhang’s room to store his specimens. “I can notice the small differences between two shrimps, and then I take them back to my room for further observation,” said Zhang.

It is the microscope his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini biology lab than anything else. It’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying shrimps or observing crabs day and night. With the help of his microscope, Zhang concentrates on exploring the natural world. Sometimes he spends hours simply examining a piece of fish scale, the leg of a crab or the antenna of an insect. He often works so late that his parents have to force him to go to bed.

“I’m often amazed by what I see while placing these tiny and fragile things under the microscope. No matter how unimportant an insect is, each life is so delicately and uniquely organized,” said Zhang.

1. What made Zhang popular on Sina Weibo?

A．His love of biology.

B．His videos of outdoor adventures.

C．His collection of “living treasures”.

D．His discovery of a new type of crab.

2. What inspired Zhang’s interest in exploring nature?

A．His father’s early job.

B．A crab he once caught.

C．His school’s field trips.

D．His childhood experiences.

3. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?

A．Zhang’s tools for observations.

B．Zhang’s achievements in biology.

C．Zhang’s mini biology lab at home.

D．Zhang’s addiction to his specimens.

4. Which of the following best describes Zhang?

A．Honest and energetic.

B．Outgoing and adventurous.

C．Curious and hard-working.

D．Knowledgeable and thankful.