According to a new report by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), the deadly heat waves, floods     1     droughts are disturbing the     2     (life) of thousands of people from the American West to southern Europe and central China. And they will be likely only to get     3     (bad) as global temperatures continue to rise. “So far, all regions of the world     4     (affect) by some extremes,” says Sonia Seneviratne, an environmental     5     (science). “We can link extreme weather to climate change in     6     same way we can link cancer to smoking,” says Friederike Otto, one of the report’s authors. And, like smoking, the damage is hard     7     (disappear), Otto says. The most important thing, experts say, is to make sure these events don’t grow even more common and intense     8     they are now. “I feel     9     (strong) that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now,” says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher. To limit global warming to just 2℃, Wehner says, “It’s my feeling that we would have to do something rather extreme.” Something extreme, he adds, means completely     10     (get) rid of consumption of coal, oil, and natural gas.

Global warming refers to the fact that the earth's atmosphere is warming near     1     (it) surface — in other words, it's getting hotter. Some scientists say it is human activity     2     has caused global warming. However, there are other theories as well.

One popular theory relates to the “greenhouse effect”. Gases that make up the atmosphere are similar to     3     greenhouse because they allow sunlight     4     (pass) through, and then trap much of the heat from     5     (escape). This naturally occurring phenomenon,     6     is called greenhouse warming, keeps the earth's surface     7     (warm) than it would be.

While scientists agree that human-produced compounds (化合物) like carbon dioxide and others are being released into the atmosphere, some argue it's not clear how this results     8     the changes in temperature.

Global warming can     9     (great) affect human life on many levels. Scientists have made great     10     (contribute) to finding out how long the earth has been warming, at what rate it is warming, and what factors are causing it. These answers may better prepare people to handle its effects.

The topic of this programme is environmental     1    (protect). We human beings     2    (do) a lot of things at the cost of the environment to develop economy quickly in the past few years. I do think it is time for us to understand     3     importance of protecting the environment and do something about it. Today I would like     4    (introduce) some simple but useful ways that we can follow     5     (easy) in our daily life. Firstly, turn off lights if it is unnecessary. Then, go out     6     environment﹣friendly ways such as by bus, by subway or by bike. We can even walk to work when possible,     7     is really helpful for both of our budget and health. Thirdly, take a cloth bag when we go     8    (shop). Please don't use plastic ones. Of course the public should raise environmental awareness and realize     9     is our duty to protect the environment. Last but not least, the government should make laws to guide people's     10     (behave).

Sanjiangyuan, literally meaning the “source of three rivers”, is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers. The pilot national park, with a total area of 123,100 square km     1     (locate) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and harbors more than 70,000 herdsmen. Therefore.     2     is very important to maintain the purity and cleanliness of this area, because it directly affects the water quality in most of China.

For a long time, there were too many local herdsmen and animals     3     (use) the grass in the area and consequently the local lakes were getting smaller.     4     the national park was established, the government has invested a significant amount of money in equipment and training for accurate monitoring of wildlife. For example, the population of snow leopards is an important indicator of ecological health in the area, and as long as     5     number of these animals stays stable, the area is safe and     6     (environmental) healthy. Much of the grassland has been returned to its natural state, and the herdsmen have been helped to move to the local towns and to find new jobs.     7     (encourage) by local government, more and more local people are supported to take part in environmental protection. They have been appointed as conservators in the area, responsible for collecting rubbish or for observing the wildlife.     8     more people working as conservators, the     9     (aware) of environmental protection has gradually become part of their lives. Local officials also have said that their jobs have become a lot     10     (easy) now that the training programmes and government support are in place. Now, in Sanjiangyuan National Park, the mountains have become greener, the water clearer and the sky bluer.

A male elephant that broke away from the wandering elephant pack     1    ( send) back to its forest home on Wednesday in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China's Yunnan Province, local authorities said.

Yuxi City headquarters in charge of monitoring the pack's migration (迁徙) took the     2     (decide) early Wednesday morning     3     ( prevent) the lone animal from entering heavily populated areas. At 3 p. m.，the elephant was caught and returned to the nature reserve. The animal appeared     4     (health) and did not suffer from any injuries.

The pack of 15 wandering wild Asian elephants travelled about 500 kilometers north from their forest home. The male elephant separated from the pack on June 6, and moved around in the     5     (city) of Kunming, Anning and Yuxi, with an activity area of 140 square kilometers and a walking distance of 190 kilometers. It had relied mainly on     6     was provided by the locals. The     7    (remain) 14 elephants have been moving southward recently but are still far from the reserve.

Asian elephants are     8     A-level state protection in China, where they are     9     (most) found in Yunnan. Thanks to determined protection efforts in recent decades, the wild elephant population in     10     province has grown to about 300, from 193 in the 1980s.

As we all know, the pollution of air, water and soil are the most serious problems. The     1     (pollute) air, which causes diseases and deaths, does great harm     2     people’s health. What’s more, vegetation (植被) has been greatly reduced with the rapid     3     (develop) of the modern city.     4     (protect)the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. In the past few years, legislative (立法的) steps     5     (introduce) to control air pollution. Governments are playing the most important role in     6     (environment) protection today. In my opinion, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize     7     importance of environment through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into effect, because more people means more pollution. Finally, those     8     destroy the environment intentionally (有意地) should be     9     (severe) punished. Everyone should be aware that     10     (destroy) environment means destroying mankind themselves.

The world's oldest known wild bird is a 70-year-old albatross (信天翁)    1     （name）Wisdom. Since last fall, she and her mate     2     (sit)on an egg. Last month, their chick hatched (孵化).

The Midway Atoll (环礁)     3     (make) up of two small islands in the Pacific Ocean.     4     area is home to about 3 million seabirds. About 1.3 million of these birds are Laysan albatrosses, like Wisdom Albatrosses are huge birds-their wings measure around 2 meters.

In 1956, when Wisdom was about five, she was banded by a scientist, Chandler Robbins. In 2002, when Mr. Robbins returned to Midway, he was     5     (excite) to find Wisdom again and realized she was over fifty.

Albatrosses normally have just one partner. But Wisdom has lived so long     6     she has had several partners. Akeakamai has been her partner since around 2012. It takes so much effort to hatch an egg     7     raise a chick that many albatrosses only lay one egg every other year.

Wisdom laid her most recent egg in late November of last year. Since then, she and Akeakamai had taken     8    (turn) sitting on the egg and keeping it warm. The chick arrived on February 2.

Now Wisdom and Akeakamai are keeping busy,     9    (take) long trips over the sea to gather food for their chick. These trips can last for days and can cover as much as 1,600 kilometers. Scientists think Wisdom's age and experience are     10     (possible) helping keep her safe on these trips.

Leafcutter ants     1     (consider) an advanced species of ant. While most ant species are made up     2     three types of ants —the queen, workers and males. Leafcutter ants have     3     many as five, since worker ants are     4     (far) divided into different groups according to their sizes. There     5     (be)medium-sized leaf-collecting and leaf-cutting ants, tiny gardening ants and massive soldier ants. Different ants show different features that make     6     (they) do specific jobs. Soldier ants, for example,     7     role is to protect the nest(蚁穴), are about 300 times the size of their gardening sisters. Their jaws are strong enough     8     (cut) leather. A single nest may be home to millions of ants and contain a thousand     9    (room). Not all ants are environmentally     10    (friend) farmers like leafcutter ants.

The worst thing about plastic straws (吸管) is that most of the time, they’re not a     1     (choose). Like much of the single-use plastic that     2     (come) our way, they just appear, placed in take-out bags or     3     (provide) with iced tea. And if you pick up plastic on beaches, you know that one of the most common pieces of plastic waste you’ll find is plastic straws. They’re everywhere. And once they make     4     (they) way to the sea, they’re eaten by fish or birds that mistake them for food. Straws are used once and then they are immediately thrown away and become waste, staying in the environment     5     years.

    6     (fortune) , we can do something to help. If you like to use a straw at home     7     you want to provide them at your business, there are two options. The first one is trying a reusable straw, which can     8     (wash) along with dishes. They come in stainless steel or glass. And they come in all kinds of sizes and some have fun decorations.

Another option is paper straws,     9     also come in all kinds of pretty decorative colors and patterns. You can even find them     10     (make) from recycled paper!

With so many options available, there’s no reason to add to the plastic straw waste problem.