1 . 选词填空

plastic, traffic jam, reusable, species, gas, for instance, have a role

There is no doubt that human activities have warmed the atmosphere, oceans and land. To improve the situation, what can we do? Here are some tips on how to help protect our planet.

★ Keep talking about climate change

The first and most important thing you can do is keep talking about climate change to everyone. The greatest challenge in the history of our     1     should not be a taboo (禁忌) subject. Just one idea shared with one of your friends or relatives can     2     in protecting our planet.

★ Reduce and reuse what you can

As consumers, let’s try to make better choices. Think about these questions before you buy something. Can I reject all that packaging? Do I really need the new product? Besides, use     3     bottles and throwaway coffee cups less. You should keep refillable and     4     alternatives to hand. In addition, fix things when they are broken.     5    , you can replace your smartphone’s battery or screen instead of buying a whole new device.

★ Use cars less

If you use cars less, there will be less harmful     6     sent out to the environment. At the same time, there will be fewer     7    . You can get to your destination by walking, cycling or using public transport. If you need a car occasionally, hire an electric one. If you really need your own set of wheels, choose the most environmentally friendly one possible.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. agreed             B. captured             C. gentleness             D. gestures        E. giant            F. limitations G. message          H. mutual                 I. outside                  J. stimulated        K. touched

Little Kids & Their Big Dogs

In his work photographing dog shows in Russia and across Europe, Andy Seliverstoff has access to many amazing dogs, including rare breeds. He says he’s learned that these dogs “aren’t just beautiful on the     1    ; they have amazing tempers, and in particular the large and giant breeds have an inborn     2    that disagrees with their big size.”

His interest was     3    when friends asked him to photograph their two-year-old daughter. “They showed up at the park with their Great Dane,” he says. The St. Petersburg-based photographer was “blown away by the relationship between tiny Alice and     4    Sean,” he says. He decided to have the dog in the photos.

Next came a photo session (阶段) with a little boy named Theodore and Ringo the Newfoundland. “As with Alice and Sean, these photos     5    me deeply,” he says. The images     6    the special connection between children and dogs. “It’s a connection that doesn’t need words. Love, joy, trust, honesty and acceptance, to name a few, fill the relationship. You can see it in their     7    , in their faces.” Posting the photos on the social network website, he found many     8    

In his 2017 book, Little Kids and Their Big Dogs, from which the photos are taken, Seliverstoff aimed to demonstrate the state of endless joy and     9    confidence between the children and the animals. The one big     10    , he says, is this: “Love for dogs and children makes people kinder.”

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. paid             B. recognized             C. required            D. disappeared          E. remarkable            F. turned G. built            H. home                         I. preserving            J. taken                 K. make

Care Needed for Great Wall’s Preservation

Although the Huanghuacheng section of the Great Wall in Huairou, Beijing, was     1    as a key heritage site under state protection as early as March 2013, for years, local villagers have     2    it to a cash cow to collect “entrance fees” and “guide fees” from sightseers without the permission of the cultural relics and tourism authorities.

As long as the fee is     3    , tourists are allowed to climb the mountains along whose ridges the Great Wall meanders. The damages inflicted by the villagers’ “business” upon the Great Wall, which was     4    in the 15th century during the Ming Dynasty (1368 —1644), are self-evident. It is not rare for tourists to bring     5    bricks from the already run — down wall as a souvenir or to carve their names on the wall.

How can the local watchdogs of the tourism industry and the cultural relics protection departments sit back with folded arms ignoring the practice for such a long time is a question that still awaits an answer.

Reportedly, some of the money the villagers     6    finds its way into the pockets of those who are legally bound to protect the Great Wall. That’s why the villagers have become so assured and bold that they claim as natives to the area at the foot of the Great Wall, they are naturally entitled to profit from it, as if the Great Wall is their private property.

Unlike the Badaling section of the Great Wall in Yanqing, Beijing, which is     7    good care of as a showpiece of the nation’s historical heritage, most parts of the Great Wall have been weather — worn over the years without repair since the Manchurians from the north put an end to the rule of the Ming Dynasty, making the once important national defense project nothing but a wall running through the middle of the large Qing Empire.

Nearly one-third of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty has     8    because of weathering and human causes over the past 300 years. Not to mention the parts that had been built before that.

With the Beidou satellite global navigation system in place and the advancement of technologies in other fields related to the protection of cultural heritage, the country is now better able to protect the Great Wall. But unless the malpractice of the grassroots authorities is addressed, no technology will be of practical assistance in     9    this historical legacy for future generations.

The Great Wall’s     10    length and magnificence are not reasons for its being left untended, but exactly why it should be well preserved.

4 . Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words and expressions to complete the passage. Note that there are two more options than you need.

sail                    exceptional             set out             crew                    starve             freezing rescue               remote                    accompany       sink                    wave             abandon

Shackleton’s 1914 adventure, called the Endurance Expedition, was designed to cross Antarctica. His ship, the Endurance, was unfortunately stuck in ice and the     1     had to spend their days in complete darkness and     2     cold for eight months. When spring finally came, the ship, to their great disappointment, broke in the melting ice. They had no choice but to     3     ship. With three open lifeboats saved from the broken ship, Shackleton and his men eventually made it to Elephant Island. However, since the island was     4     from any shipping routes, it was unlikely that the men would be     5    . In order to save themselves, Shackleton,     6     by five most trusted men, left most of his men on Elephant Island and     7     for South Georgia, 810 miles away. The     8     in this part of the world can often reach 50 feet. Can you imagine that? They     9     in an open 23-foot boat! Almost three weeks later, Shackleton and his men, extremely tired and     10    , reached a whaling station after marching over the mountains of South Georgia. With help provided by the Chilean government, the captain finally made his way back to Elephant Island to save his men. Nobody died. Nobody!

5 . 选词填空

Death, suffer, breathe, deliver, damage, strike, bury, shock

Disasters such as tornadoes, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another, causing great     1    to many countries. Among them the earthquake has the worst effects. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000     2    . 90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people     3    a lot. Everywhere the     4    survivors saw destroyed bricks and useless metals as if the world were at an end. Rescue teams dug out the trapped,    5    the dead and built shelters.   With unified efforts and wisdom of all people, the city revived itself and began to     6    again. Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis. The tsunami that     7    Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines and swept away many people. Foreign countries aided these areas by     8    food and supplies by helicopter.   (Tips for emergency: ※Keep calm※Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines※Survive on what you have on hand.)

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advances               B. colonize               C. concerns               D. eventually            E. extremely F. face                      G. spread                  H. stop                    I. surface               J. survive   K. visit

Living in Space

Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most important scientists in history, believed that to survive, humans must move into space: “Once we     1    out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,” he once said.

Today, the European Union, India, China, Russia, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to the earth’s closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will prepare humans to     2    and later live on Mars or other earthlike planets.

Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should     3    space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot — for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Then we can     4    create new human societies on other planets. In addition, any     5     we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health will also benefit us here on the earth.

However, not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it’s too expensive, even if it’s just a short journey. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance     6    many health problems. Also, these first people would find life     7    difficult out in space. On the moon’s     8    , for example, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.

Despite these     9    , sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar cities or even new human cultures on other planets. First     10    : the moon.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative             B. appeal             C. benefit               D. differ            E. energizing            F. fascinated G. marine                  H. naturalist          I. preserve             J. specializing       K. unspoiled

Ecotours are unique adventures that join nature and sightseeing into one exciting package. Learning about the environment and the world around us is the     1    of an ecotour because you get to experience the natural world firsthand. A great way for students studying biology and environmental sciences (生物与环境科学) to experience     2     life and nature is to take your own ecotour! Orlando airboat rides can give you an experience to remember and can be a fun and     3    way to learn more about the Florida environment.

Ecotours involve travelling to a natural environment where you are guided by a(n)    4    helping you learn about the surrounding environment and extend your environmental education. This can include learning how the plants and animals on your Orlando airboat rides     5    from each other, or you can be simply becoming more aware of preservation efforts towards the Everglades, the largest wetland in North America.

Orlando airboat rides can help you learn about Florida history, observe alligators (短吻鳄) and other wildlife, and experience the     6    nature of the muddy wilderness. Taking an ecotour can help you become more aware of your environment and further instruct you on the impact we have on the environment. Our goal is to help you understand the Everglades and how important it is to     7    the wetland.

Wild Florida provides the perfect opportunity for a school trip that satisfies those     8    with learning more about biology and environmental sciences, or to those just curious about the Everglades. Hands-on and active learning on an airboat ride is often a more exciting and adventurous     9    to sitting in a classroom, so why not plan your eco-trip with Wild Florida?

Wild Florida is reputable for     10    in creating an exciting and unique ecotour that’s fun for everyone in your family!

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. balance            B. communicate            C. contaminated            D. deprive                  E. disruptive F. dramatically       G. interrupt                 H. mate                       I. occupational            J. respectively K. vibrations

Noisy Earth

When we think of pollution, we usually think of harmful toxins in the environment. For example, air pollution is    1    air that can be dangerous to breathe. But there is another kind of pollution which can be just as harmful to living things as other types of pollution.

Noise pollution consists of loud sounds in the environment that are    2    . Just like other types of pollution, noise pollution is caused by humans and is mainly a problem in urbans. Car alarm sirens, construction work and the roar of engines are just a few examples of noise pollution.

Why should we be concerned about noise pollution? According to a World Health Organization report, noise can cause serious health problems. It may    3    people of sleep and causes heart disease and hearing loss. These problems are    4    hazards for people who work in noisy places. Musicians, mechanics, police officers, and airport workers all have to put up with noise pollution.

Physical health problems are just some of the effects of noise. Noise also affects learning ability and memory. Noise poses a threat to animals in nature as well, which can cause them to die from lack of food. For example, some types of birds cannot find food in areas that have bad noise pollution. Whales, for example, produce sounds in order to     5    with each other. Noises in the ocean from ships and other human activities can    6    whale communication. The noises can also affect the ability of whales to find a    7    , which could reduce whale populations. In addition, researchers discovered that noise pollution can cause physical harm to those marine animals. They found several dead giant squids off the coast of Spain. In this respect,     8    from the guns of naval ships in the area tore holes in the squids’ statocysts. Statocysts are organs behind the squids’ eyes that help them maintain    9    . Damage to the statocysts made it impossible for the squids to swim, eat, or reproduce, and they died.

Countries around the world recognize that noise pollution is a real problem. Many government agencies already control noise from trucks and buses. Noise barriers covered with plants along the highway    10    reduced noise for nearby apartment dwellers. With these health and safety regulations and increased awareness, we may be able to live in a quieter world.

9 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. recorded            B. roughly            C. especially            D. narrow            E. advocate F. transformation       G. challenge       H. emitting               I. changing          J. address          K. strive

“Climate change is moving faster than we are,” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said back in 2018 in his     1     to the UN General Assembly — a statement that in hindsight now rings     2     true.

The essential goal of the Paris agreement of 2015 has been to limit the rise in average global temperatures to no more than 2℃ above pre-industrial levels — a time period centered     3     on the mid-19th century. The aspirational or wished — for objective of the agreement is to     4     for a rise in temperatures that doesn’t exceed 1.5℃.

But with carbon dioxide levels in the global atmosphere topping 420 parts per million — the highest level in     5     history — the 1.5℃ target appears to many experts to be out of reach. A United Nations report in 2018 concluded as much, saying back then that average global temperatures will likely reach 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels sometime between 2030 and 2052 if emissions continue rising as they have been.

With a 1.5℃ rise, about 4% of Earth’s terrestrial land area is projected to undergo a     6     of ecosystems from one type to another. With a 2℃ global temperature rise, about 13% is projected to undergo a shift. Across the American West, ecosystems stressed by diminished snow-melt, drought, insect infestations, and wildfire are     7     forests from the Rockies to the Sierra Nevada. Ten percent of iconic Giant Sequoia trees died in wildfires in the Sierra Nevada in 2020.

According to the UN’s 1.5℃ report, the world’s countries     8     the largest amounts of carbon dioxide have to turn things around soon: to limit warming to 1.5℃, global net greenhouse gas emissions from human activity must decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, and reach net zero by 2050. To limit warming to 2℃, emissions must decline by about 25% by 2030 and reach net zero by about 2070.

Despite the great     9     ahead, IEA chief Fatih Birol remarked recently that clean energy investments can still “shift the world on to a pathway to net-zero emissions by 2050”.

The path “is     10     but still achievable”, he said, “if we act now.”

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. effective          B. matter                 C. sustains          D. rest                  E. ecosystems             F. destroying G. miles               H. optimistically        I. crucial             J. significantly       K. generates

Our planet is our home, the place that    1    us; but are we living in harmony with nature? It seems like we humans have embraced a path of self-destruction,     2    the very home that shelters us. From rising carbon emissions, to deforestation and land degradation, anthropogenic activities are having detrimental effects on our    3    and environmental biodiversity. Not many are aware that the United Nations General Assembly had declared the period of 2011-2020, as the “Decade for Biodiversity”. We have just gone through the final period of this    4    decade, and despite several strategic plans and initiatives to mobilize people at different levels, we are    5    behind in achieving the stipulated targets. The negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystems conservation, indicate that we need to do a lot more.

As teenagers, sometimes we feel helpless and powerless, unable to take action, or do things that really    6    to us, since governments and large corporations are the ones taking vital decisions. While major changes are only possible if countries and corporations alter their policies and actions, we as individuals also have the potential to make a difference, whether through small actions, or larger initiatives. Let’s not forget that consumers dictate markets, and they can    7    impact the way goods are produced and traded if they decide to change their consumption habits.

Recycling is a simple, yet    8    way of conserving resources and reducing your individual carbon footprint. Rather than throwing everything in the trash, separate your plastic, paper, and metal waste, and deposit it in a recycling bin. Recycling helps reduce landfill pollution, raw materials and fossil fuel consumption, and    9    a circular economy.

Lastly, think about your purchasing habits. As natural resources are limited, our excessive consumption can be counter-productive, and undermine our planet’s biodiversity.

The hopes of the world    10    on young people.