2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. magical       B. cultural       C. meets          D. built          E. strong     F. damaged G. entrance       H. views        I. calendar        J. ranked        K. lit

A long red bridge stretches out across water. It runs across the Golden Gate. This is not the     1     to some sacred land, but it is just as     2    . The Golden Gate is where San Francisco Bay     3     the Pacific Ocean, and at night the scene of the bridge     4     up over the water takes your breath away.

Welcome to San Francisco, a place famous for its beautiful parks, hilly streets and lovely beaches. But the bridge is undoubtedly the most well-known symbol of the city. Before its completion in 1937, the bridge was considered impossible to build because of the foggy weather, powerful winds, and     5     ocean currents in the city. However, despite the difficult conditions, the bridge was built in no more than four years. Its total length is nearly 2 kilometers.

San Francisco     6     first on Lonely Planet’s list of the best cities to visit in 2013. According to the world’s largest travel publisher, it came top as a result of its     7     mix.

According to the census, 21 percent of the city’s population was made up of Chinese people. San Francisco’s Chinatown is the largest outside of Asia and the oldest in North America. Two traditional festivals, the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are the biggest events of the year on the city’s     8    .

If yellow cabs are a key part of New York city life, then the cable car is San Francisco’s equivalent. The first cable car came into public service in 1873, and the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of the city ever since. The cable car network was once     9     by a serious earthquake but, luckily, it has now recovered and provides better     10     than the subway.

3 . 语篇选词填空

equally   recycle   portion dissolve threaten   countless   capable   convenient   comforts concern

The pollution of the earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that     1     has focused on the land     2     of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is     3     important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or     4    .

Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a     5     place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly     6     into a kind of organic soup that provides food to     7     species of single-celled plant and animal life.

As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed     8     of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to     9     marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to     10     humanity’s waste.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. process        B. stimulate        C. consequences        D. cultivate       E. solution F. especially       G. present       H. total     I. initially     J. associate     K. address

Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in home is significant of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have far more material than we need, we are dealing with the     1     of that over-consumption. It would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home     2    .

Statistics have shown that the     3     amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and     4     their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus gaining more profits.

Without doubt, too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which may cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the     5     itself uses energy. Therefore, the     6     is not to produce such items in the first place.

Food waste is another serious issue we need to     7     immediately. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. Fortunately, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have always learned to     8     packaging with quality, which is especially true when it comes to food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.

Luckily, there are signs of hope at     9    . As more and more people come to recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are being collected. However, despite the ongoing campaigns to     10     consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. behavior	B. challenging	C. appear	D. responsive	E. increased	F. sheltering
G. command	H. evaluate	I. banned	J. similar	K. frustration

Perhaps you’ve had to put up with a moody, uncooperative teenager. You may have been one yourself. A new study suggests that dogs go through a     1     phase of stubbornness and disobedience when they hit puberty (青春期) at about eight months old.

Looking at the behavior of a total of 378 dogs, researchers found that the animals were more obedient and more     2     on either side of that eight-month period—but only when it came to their owners, not to less familiar trainers.

So not only do dogs     3     to have a difficult puberty just like we do, they also share the     4     that we often feel towards our parents or caregivers when we hit our teenage years. That means a lot to long-term puppy care and     5    .

“This is a very important time in a dog’s life,” says animal     6     researcher Lucy Asher, from Newcastle University in the UK. “This is when dogs are often rehomed because they are no longer a cute little puppy and suddenly, their owners find they are more     7     and they can no longer control them or train them.”

“But as with human teenage children, owners need to be aware that their dog is going through a phase and it will pass.”

In one experiment with 93 Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and their cross breeds, the dogs at eight months old were found to take longer and be more reluctant to respond to a ‘sit’     8     given by their caregiver than they were when just five months old. The eight-month-olds didn’t show the same stubbornness when the command was given by a stranger, though.

The researchers found further evidence of this effect in survey data gathered on 285 Labradors, golden retrievers, German shepherds and their cross breeds. Dog owners and trainers less familiar with the dogs were asked to     9     the animals’ ‘trainability’ by answering questions on obedience and how quickly commands were responded to.

Again, the caregivers ranked their dogs as less obedient at eight months old compared with five months old or 12 months old. The trainers reported the     10     obedience between the ages of five months and eight months.

6 . Vocabulary

A.extremely 　　　B.dramatically 　　　C.investigated 　　　D.interact 　　　E.advertise 　　　F.occurring G.tragedy 　　　　H.chained 　　　　　I.limit 　　　　　 　J.recalling 　　　K.ride-free

In 2016, a young British father was trampled (踩踏) to death by an elephant on the island of Koh Samui (苏梅岛) in Thailand. The     1     once again raised questions over whether it is ethical to use these giant animals as entertainment.

For many visitors, the chance to     2     with elephants is at the top of their holiday wish list. There’s no shortage of opportunities to do so, from taking photos of baby elephants on the beach, to riding them through the jungle, to watching them balance on tightropes and dance.

But what most visitors don’t realize is these animals are involved in     3     cruel methods to make them behave. They are often kept in terrible conditions. This includes being     4     up when not performing, without interaction with other elephants, a poor diet, etc. They are also subjected to training practices including beating and stabbing (刺,戳) with hooks.

Away from their natural habitat and forced to repeat the same routines day in day out, the torture continues throughout their     5     shortened lives. It’s not exactly the stuff that holiday dreams are made of.

Unfortunately, riding elephants is still one of the most popular tourist activities in Asia. The World Animal Protection     6     3,000 elephants at tourist sites across Southeast Asia in 2017. The study found that 77% of them were living in“severely cruel”conditions. It also found that there had been a 30% rise in the number of elephants at tourism venues in Thailand since 2010.   

Many parks     7     themselves as sanctuaries (庇护所) but they are not. Real sanctuaries will     8     contact with the elephants and visitors can only observe them from a distance most of the time.

The tour sector needs to play a much bigger role in restricting elephant tourism. As travelers, please avoid any place offering riding or allowing interacting sessions with elephants. When you see abuse (虐待)     9    , do your bit by leaving your review on review sites and social media to warn other tourists. It really does work—many parks are now becoming     10     as a result of pressure from tourists, the industry and the media.

7 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. constituents 　　　B. ultimately 　　　C. exhausts 　　　D. economical 　　　AB. conventional AC. electricity 　　　AD. approximately 　　　BC. contributes 　　　BD. extent 　　　CD. substances ABC. generates

Driving an electric car     1     to the protection of environment, or so the marketing departments of their makers would have you believe. Yet a report which analyzes car emissions presents a rather different picture. A battery-powered car recharged with     2     generated by coal-fired power stations, it found, is likely to be more harmful. It could cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a     3     petrol-driven vehicle.

The study was carried out by the University of Minnesota. The researchers estimated how levels of fine particulate matter (细颗粒物) and ground-level ozone — two important     4     of air pollution — would change when a car is powered by different ways.

It was no surprise that electric cars whose batteries were recharged with power from wind, solar or hydro-electric sources came out to be virtually free from harmful     5    . They were estimated to cause 231 deaths over the course of a year, compared with 878 for petrol cars. Electric cars recharged with power from natural gas-fired stations were also a lot less harmful than petrol-driven ones, with 439 deaths. But if those same electric cars were recharged     6     by coal, they would be responsible for over 3,000 deaths.

Biofuels also caused more health problems than petrol. But diesel, which often     7     concern about pollution, is slightly cleaner than petrol. This is because the study assumes for all cars that emission-control technologies will be more widely used, especially particulate filters which have a remarkable effect on cleaning diesel     8    . Diesel cars are also more     9     of fuel than petrol-driven ones.

Overall, the study shows that electric cars are cleaner than those traditional vehicles only if the power used to charge then is also clean. That is hardly a surprise, but the     10     of the difference is. How green electric cars really are, then, will depend mainly on where they are driven. In France, which obtains more than half of its power from nuclear station, electric cars look like a good bet. In China and some other developing countries, where a large amount of electricity is produced from coal, they may not be so environment- friendly as they are marketed.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York City has tested positive for the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus, becoming the first known case of human-animal     1    , the zoo's chief veterinarian said on Sunday.

Nadia, the 4-year-old Malayan tiger that tested positive, was     2     for the COVID-19 disease after     3     a dry cough along with three other tigers and three lions, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the zoo, said in a statement.

All of the cats are expected to recover, it said. But officials believe this is a unique case because Nadia became sick after     4     to an asymptomatic zoo employee, Paul Calle, chief veterinarian at the Bronx Zoo, told Reuters.

Calle said they did not know which employee infected the tiger. "This is the first time that we have discovered that a person infects the animal and the animal gets sick," Calle said, adding that they planned to share the findings with other zoos and institutions. " I guess     5     we will all have a better understanding as a result.

While the other tigers and lions were also     6     symptoms, the zoo decided to test only Nadia because she was the sickest and   had started to lose her appetite already, and they did not want to     7     all the cats to anesthesia(麻醉), Calle said.

Nadia     8     X-rays, an ultrasound(超声波) and blood tests to try to figure out what was making her sick . They decided to test for COVID-19     9     the surge in cases in New York City, the epicenter of the outbreak in the United States.The first tiger at the zoo, which has been shut since mid-March, began showing     10     of illness on March 27, according to the US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories.

9 . Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Sustainable fashion, also called eco fashion, is part of the growing design philosophy and trend of sustainability, the goal of which is to create a system which can be supported indefinitely in     1     of environmentalism and social responsibility. Sustainable fashion is part of the large     2     of sustainable design where a product is created and produced with consideration to the environmental and social impact it may have throughout its total lifespan, including its “carbon footprint”. Fashion designers are now re-introducing eco-conscious methods at source through the use of environmentally friendly materials and     3     responsible methods of production.

There are some organizations     4     on increasing opportunities for sustainable designers. The National Association of Sustainable fashion Designers is one of those organizations. Its purpose is to assist entrepreneurs with growing fashion-related businesses that create social change and respect the environment. Sustainable designers provide specialized triple bottom line education, training, and     5     to tools and industry resources that advance creative,     6     and high impact businesses. The organization’s mission is to create social change through design and fashion-related businesses by providing education, training and programs that are transformative to the industry and to     7     cooperation, sustainability and economic growth.

According to Earth Pledge, a non-profit organization (NPO), nothing can better     8     the necessity of supporting sustainable fashion than the fact that at least 8,000 chemicals are used to turn raw materials into textiles and 25% of the world’s pesticides are used to grow non-organic cotton. This is     9     to cause irreversible damage to people and the environment and is in a sense linked to the     10     of certain species.

10 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.increasing 　　　　B.defend　　　　 C.partially 　　　　D.depriving E.sharpened　　 　　 F.breaks 　　　 　G.endured 　　　　H.granting I.issues 　　　　　　J.activate 　　　　K.roughly

Flood-hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problems

Venetians(威尼斯人) are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems: record-breaking flooding, environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over-tourism.

They feel largely left to their own devices, with ever-fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to    1    its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.

The historic flooding this week---marked by three floods over 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet) and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters(6 feet, 1 inch)---has    2    calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice, for both its concentration of treasures and its    3    vulnerability.

Flood damage has been    4    estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros (dollars), but the true range will only become clear with time. The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and    5    78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has    6    this week. With the system not yet completed or even    7    tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros ($5.5 billion) invested, many are suspicious it will even work.

At the public level, proposals for better administering the city including    8    some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice, already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino-Alto-Adige with its German-speaking minority, or offering tax    9    to encourage Venice’s repopulation.

Just 53,000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice, down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1,000 people a year. That means fewer people watching the neighborhood, monitoring for public maintenance    10    or neighbors in need. Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals, which can make even a simple errand a hard journey.