1 . As consumers, especially young ones, become more eco﹣conscious, services are popping up to reduce wastefulness in the flower industry, extending the life of old bouquets（花束） that were previously thrown away the day after a big event.

Considering that the floral（花的）gifting market is expected to reach ﹩16 billion in revenue by 2023, buying from eco﹣friendly businesses can have a huge impact. According to one estimate, the roughly 100 million roses grown for a typical Valentine's Day in the U. S. produce about 9,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

“When you realize what the supply chain looks like and the number of hands that touch these flowers. and then they're only appreciated for a couple of hours, it's kind of disgusting when you think about the amount of resources that go into it,” says Jennifer Grove, founder of New York City﹣based flower service Repeat Roses.

While working as a wedding designer and corporate planner, Grove often oversaw the design of floral arrangements, only to see those creations thrown away within a few hours. In 2014 she founded Repeat Roses to make it easier for luxury clients to donate used bouquets. Like a traditional floral service, the company sells high﹣end floral decorations for weddings or social events, but it then recycles or composts（堆肥） them.

If a customer chooses the unique repurposing（改变用途） service, a Repeat Roses team can remove the arrangements from the event and then restyle the flowers into smaller bouquets to donate to hospitals, nursing homes and family shelters. If there's a charity that holds a special place in a customer's heart, the team will ensure the blooms are sent there. “It's a logistics business, and we're trying to make sure we are strategic in where we play matchmaker,” Grove says. When the charities are finished with the flowers, Repeat Roses also picks them back up and composts them. The altruism isn't free﹣prices start at ﹩1,750 for the removal and repurposing service to account for the transportation and labor costs. If you're not willing to spend that much, the company will still compost the flowers from your event instead of sending them to a landfill.

Through these two methods, Repeat Roses estimates it has diverted more than 98 tons of waste from landfills and delivered almost 53,000 floral arrangements to people in need. Although Repeat Roses is a for﹣profit business, the flower repurposing itself is a tax write﹣off for the client. As the fair market value of a client's donated flowers is what's used for the charitable tax credit and is eligible for deduction, Repeat Roses ensures that the beneficiary sends you an acknowledgement letter including details of your donation.

1. Jennifer Grove founded Repeat Roses in order to do the following except .

A．avoid the waste of flowers

B．reduce the pollution to the environment

C．earn money by selling used flowers

D．help some customers do charity work

2. The underlined word “altruism” in Paragraph 5 refers to .

A．the company’s composting the flowers

B．the customers’ donating flowers to people in need

C．the reception of the donation by the people in need

D．the transportation of the flowers to a landfill

3. What benefit does a customer who has donated flowers get？

A．To get a discount when buying flowers.

B．To feel fulfilled because of donation.

C．To get a tax reduction.

D．To receive a letter of compliment.

4. The passage is mainly intended to introduce .

A．a creative way of making money

B．a green trend of waste utilization

C．a way to cut the emission of carbon dioxide

D．a company devoted to charity

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Over-dried Earth

The south-west of the United States, together with some parts of Mexico across the Rio Grande, is one of the driest parts of the North American continent. But, over the past two decades, even that expected dryness     1     (take) to the limit. According to Park Williams, who works at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the current lack of rainfall in the area constitutes a megadrought of a severity     2    (see) on only four other occasions in the past 1,200 years.

Dr Williams studies the annual growth rings of 1,586 ancient trees, in order to reconstruct soil-moisture patterns going back to 800 A.D. During warm, wet years trees grow fast, producing wide rings. During cold, dry     3     they grow more slowly, producing narrow rings. During a drought, a tree     4     not grow much at all.

    5    they describe in this week’s Science, the team identified dozens of droughts over the centuries in question. But four stood out. They then took the average soil-moisture value for the current drought and compared it with sequential（连续的） 19-year averages with the previous four, one of them     6    (last) nearly a century. This showed that the region is already drier than it was during the first three of the previous megadroughts, and is equivalent to the event of 1575-1603.

In a world     7     human actions are driving temperatures up, Dr Parker and his colleagues wondered how much people are     8    (blame) for this state of affairs. To estimate that, they turned to climate modelling.

Climate models are able to re-run the past with and     9     the warming effects of human activity, offering a way to compare what actually happened with what might have done. In their simulated world in which anthropogenic（人类起源的） emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect, the team found that a drought did indeed still influence the western reaches of North America during the first two decades of the 21st century. But this imaginary dry spell was considerably     10    (severe) than the real one-ranking 11th rather than 2nd in the period under study (see chart).

3 . 语法填空

Can We Eat Meat Without Damaging the Environment?

“I’ve eaten meat my whole life, but the more I learn about our planet, the more I question how we treat it,” says Liz Bonnin at the start of the BBC documentary Meat: A Threat To Our Planet?.

“Unless we do things very differently,” says Liz, “the impact the meat industry has    1    our environment is only going to get worse.    2    demand increases, so do greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. This leads to a very obvious question: should we just stop eating meat?” This question is often asked, and we can’t just use “yes” or “no” to answer it. I’d like to share with you my ideas on    3    to eat meat with the least environmental damage.

Eat grass-fed meat

We actually need to eat more grass-fed meat, mainly beef and lamb. University of Oxford Professor Myles Allen has recalculated the amount of CH₄ emissions from ruminants(反刍动物). The inference from this new research is that we don’t have to stop    4    （eat）grass-fed cattle or sheep. Instead of demonizing(妖魔化)them, we need to differentiate between the animals that are part of the problem --- namely intensively produced(集中生产的)poultry, pork and dairy products, and    5    that are part of the solution --- namely grass-fed ruminants. At the root of the climate change problem is our fossil fuel(化石燃料)consumption, this is where we need to take    6    （urgent紧急的,急迫的）action.

Consider    7    your meat comes from

There are responsible ways of eating meat. You can begin with knowing the farm your animal came from and what kind of life the animal    8    （lead）.The EU’s organic standard for livestock(牲畜), for instance, requires that a farm hold no more than two cows per hectare of land. In the UK, there is labeling available too,    9    will tell you if a meat’s been pasture-raised(牧场放养).

It’s important to ensure pastures are well-managed and not over-grazed(过度放牧). It’s almost possible to eat meat and be environmentally and socially conscious,    10    what we can do at least is to try not to buy meat that is mass-produced.

4 . Imagine how you’d feel if you had to get more than 9,000 tons of junk out to the sidewalk. That’s how much trash is floating around in space. In fact, there’s about 4 million pounds flying over our heads in low-Earth orbit. Daan, a Dutch artist, and his team at Space Waste Lab have come up with a creative plan that could clear up space junk in a spectacular fashion.

①Most space waste comes from dead satellites and rockets. Functioning satellites are the backbone of the information systems that keep our world running smoothly. But all the satellites eventually become obsolete within just a few decades. When they die out, there’s the problem of them drifting in outer space, collecting in what scientists call the “graveyard orbit.”

Maybe you’re thinking, “Why should I care about garbage 12,500 miles above me?” Well, all that fun stuff that satellites help beam down to us—mobile games, Instagram, cat videos—could be shut down by space waste. Lots of old junk floating around up there, plus new satellites added each year, means more and more high-speed collisions (碰撞). And when chunks of junk crash into one another, they break apart into millions of pieces, quickly building up speed and turning into fast-moving objects, which are dangerous to operational satellites as well as astronauts working on the International Space Station.

②Space waste is a problem that’s escalated so much, some scientists say that by 2050 we’ll be forced to stop launching new spacecraft altogether, including new satellites. Think about that for a minute. When the last satellites finally become disused, GPS, cell phones, and the Internet will no longer function.

③So we have to find a way to deal with this space garbage, and Daan pictures a sort of trash pickup, which involves groups of small spacecraft casting large nets into orbit that would collect space debris (碎片) and send it back toward Earth at top speed. Here’s the best part—while reentering Earth’s atmosphere, the pieces of junk would burn up all at once, creating a light show similar to hundreds of shooting stars falling in the night sky. A spectacle indeed!

To get ready for such an amazing effort, Space Waste Lab has been traveling to major cities across Europe and enlightening the public on the problem of the junk in space. ④But Daan doesn’t just talk about ways to relieve the problem—he’s created something a little grander than that. In October 2018, his team launched Space Waste Lab Performance, an outdoor art exhibition that shows the location of each piece of space trash using large lasers that make each debris look a bit like a star wandering slowly and silently over the sky, allowing viewers to wave and say, “Hallo, space trash!”

1. The word “obsolete” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “______”.

A．accessible	B．profitable
C．floating	D．outdated

2. According to the passage, which sentence best replaces the question mark in the diagram?

A．Working satellites can be damaged and astronauts can be hurt.

B．Satellites can help people track the weather and find new locations.

C．There is more junk floating in space each year as new satellites are added.

D．The Space Waste Lab Performance can show people where satellites are located.

3. Which of the following best supports the idea that space waste should be dealt with very soon？

A．Sentences ①	B．Sentence ②
C．Sentence ③	D．Sentence ④

4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．Space Junk Harms Digital Systems

B．Artists’ Proposal to Save Space

C．A New Glimpse into Outer Space

D．Test of Waste Collection Nets

5 . Children’s books are filled with fantastic friendships between humans and beasts. From a young age, we learn that if a tiger comes for tea we should expect it to eat all our sandwiches, and if a Peruvian bear_______for lunch we had better have some marmalade (柑橘酱) in the cupboard.

In this fantasy world, we can coexist peacefully with large mammals. _______, in real life, young people are having fewer wild interactions than ever before. In part this is a result of _______screen time and decreased access to wild spaces. Perhaps it doesn’t help that many countries drove out their most exciting _______ —bears and wolves—centuries ago.

Had they not, more people in the developed world might now be facing similar problems to those in Novaya Zemlya. The playgrounds of this remote Russian archipelago (俄罗斯半岛) were recently_______by a group of hungry polar bears, driven into human settlements in search of food and _______after rising temperatures destroyed the last hospitable slices of the Arctic sea ice. It’s the same story we see across the world: habitat _______ driving elephants to attack crops, human settlements spreading into tiger territory, and people losing their lives to big cats.

The Incident of the Polar Bear in the Playground is not a/an _______consequences to The Humans Who Melted the Ice Caps. We have known for years that Arctic temperatures are rising at_______rates. It should come as no surprise that the polar bears we have forced to leave their natural homes have ________shouting at humans’ front doors in search of their basic requirements for survival. Unfortunately, they are more ________ to be met with the business end of a shotgun than a marmalade sandwich. And who can criticize the people in the main settlement, Belushya Guba, for wanting to protect themselves?

We’ve had years to________these issues. This is not an unusual ________but the latest in a list   of increasingly frequent human/polar bear incidents. And it’s part of an even longer list of rapidly growing areas where there is human/wildlife conflict. We can’t________the local residents of Novaya Zemlya for their quiet town becoming a bear refugee camp. They are not the ones burning fossil fuels, ________farming cows and flying across the world for business meetings. It’s almost always the case that those making the decisions that are most serious for the environment are the furthest from the consequences.

1.

A．drops in

B．makes up

C．carries on

D．reaches out

2.

A．Therefore

B．Meanwhile

C．Otherwise

D．Furthermore

3.

A．accumulated

B．wasted

C．increased

D．fixed

4.

A．immigrants

B．citizens

C．locals

D．inhabitants

5.

A．invaded

B．searched

C．deserted

D．surrounded

6.

A．caves

B．territory

C．companions

D．shelter

7.

A．range

B．formation

C．loss

D．selection

8.

A．profound

B．severe

C．unexpected

D．upset

9.

A．moderate

B．horrifying

C．similar

D．varying

10.

A．stuck to

B．gone on

C．ended up

D．protested at

11.

A．reluctant

B．likely

C．desperate

D．confident

12.

A．examine

B．report

C．identify

D．address

13.

A．occurrence

B．escape

C．presence

D．exploration

14.

A．admire

B．reward

C．respect

D．blame

15.

A．intensively

B．realistically

C．specifically

D．practically

6 . When I was a puppy, I entertained you and made you laugh. You called me your child, and despite a number of chewed shoes and a couple of murdered pillows, I became your best friend. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask “How could you?”—but then you rolled me over for a belly (腹部) rub.

I remember those nights of rubbing you in bed and listening to your secret dreams, and I believed that life could not be any more perfect.

Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human mate. She, now your wife, is not a “dog person”—still I welcomed her into our home, tried to show her affection, and obeyed her. I was happy because you were happy.

Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement. I was fascinated by the pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them, too. Only she and you worried that I might hurt them, and I spent most of my time in another room.

There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”.

Now, you have a new career opportunity in another city, and you and they will be moving to another apartment that does not allow pets. You’ve made the right decision for your “family”, but there was a time when I was your only family.

People in the animal shelter are attentive to me, but I lost my appetite. At first whenever anyone passed, I rushed to the front, hoping it was you—that this was all a bad dream or I hoped it would at least be someone who cared, anyone who might save me.

1. How did the dog’s owner treat the puppy when it was at a younger age?

A．He entertained the puppy with jokes and gestures.

B．He treated the puppy as if it were a family member.

C．He disciplined the puppy when it made a mess.

D．He kept the puppy at a distance for the chewed shoes.

2. Why was the puppy excluded from the room after the babies were born?

A．The puppy was tempted by the babies’ pinkness and sweet smell.

B．The puppy poses a serious danger to the health and well-being of babies.

C．The couple were concerned that the babies would be in danger.

D．The master envied the natural affection between the babies and the puppy.

3. What can we infer from the last 3 paragraphs?

A．It was hard for the puppy to accept the fact that it was ignored.

B．The master had a mixed feeling for the advancement in career.

C．The puppy felt relieved for the master’s establishment of a new family.

D．It was urgent for the master to give up the puppy and move to another city.

4. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A．A Good Heart to Lean on	B．New Member of the Family
C．The Words of an Abandoned Dog	D．Animal Shelter: the Last Home for Puppies

7 . Summary

Fishing is probably the world’s most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.

Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species.

Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.

Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near –except for the smell of the bait!

Those who disagree with fishing say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.

Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Joaquin Phoenix took home the best-actor Oscar on Sunday night for his role in “Joker.” In the following lengthy and wide-ranging speech, the actor, 45, tackled issues of equality and nature preservation.

I’m full of so much gratitude right now. And I do not feel elevated above any of my fellow nominees (被提名者) or anyone in this room     1     we share the same love, the love of film.

But I think the greatest gift it’s given me, and many of us in this room,     2     (be) the opportunity to use our voice for the voiceless. And this form of expression has given me the most extraordinary life. I don’t know what I’d be     3     it.

I’ve been thinking a lot about some of   the     4     (distress) issues that we are facing collectively. I think at times we’re made     5     (feel), that we champion different causes. But for me, I see commonality. I think,     6    we’re talking about gender inequality or racism or animal rights, we’re talking about the fight against injustice. We’re talking about the fight against the belief that one nation, one race, or one gender or one species has the right to dominate, control and exploit     7     without punishment.

I think that we’ve become very disconnected from the natural world, and     8     we’re guilty of is a self-centered world view that we're the center of the universe.

And I think we fear the idea of personal change because we think that we have to sacrifice something, but human beings, at our best, are so inventive and creative and original. And I think that when we use love and compassion as our guiding principles, we can create, and implement systems of change     9     are beneficial to all emotional beings and to the environment.

Now, I have been, I have been a villain in my life. I’ve been selfish. I’ve been cruel at times, hard to work with, and I’m grateful that I     10     (give) a second chance because of the many of you in this room.

9 . Climate emergencies are a bit like buses. You wait an age for one and then three come along at once. Parliaments in the UK and Ireland passed motions declaring a climate emergency in May. Last Monday, Canada followed suit.

It isn’t just parliament sounding the alarm. “This is a climate emergency,” said U.N. climate chief Patricia Espinosa for the first time last Tuesday. Hours earlier, James Bevan of England’s Environment Agency and Vince Cable, the leader of the U.K.’s Liberal Democrats, also used the phrase.

They join a cast of high-profile public figures already on the bus, from UK opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn to UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres. But how did the language of climate change campaigners jump to the lips of the establishment, and should we welcome its seemingly unstoppable adoption?

Does this language make a difference? A day after Canada’s climate emergency motion, it approved a £4.4 billion oil pipeline. Bristol City Council in the UK also declared a climate emergency, yet the city’s mayor subsequently backed expansion of the local airport. Nothing changed on UK streets after parliament declared a climate emergency, notes former Labour Party leader Ed MIliband. “This silent response to an alarm that we ourselves have sounded symbolizes the challenge we face,” he wrote. _______?_______

Mike Hulme at the University of Cambridge argues against the phrase because it implies “time-limited radical(激进的)” action could end the emergency, when climate change is actually a “new condition of human existence.” Some, HUlme included, also fear the language may cause counterproductive responses.

Bur Roz Pidcock of communication organization Climate Outreach says a climate emergency “suggests a response that is very radical in scale and ambition, but not incautious or knee-jerk(本能的),” and certainly not a license for extreme measure like geoengineering the climate.

Despite the risk of phrase being devalued, Rebecca Willis at Lancaster University in the U.K. tells me it is still useful ---and that’s because it is true. As Spratt says, “You cannot solve a problem unless you name it for exactly what it is.” Getting politicians to adopt the language will also be crucial to holding them to tough policy decisions later, says Doug Parr of Greenpeace.

The phrase’s widespread adoption isn’t a problem. The lack of action equivalent to such language is. And that action is going to include a lot of silently gliding electric buses.

1. Which of the following sentences may best end Paragraph 4?

A．We should strive to stimulate people’s initiative.

B．The use of “climate emergency” highlights the challenge.

C．Such a mismatch risks making the term meaningless.

D．There are many people against the use of the phrase.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that Mike Hulme thinks that ______.

A．climate change call for deliberate consideration before action is taken

B．immediate action should be taken to put climate emergency to an end

C．the phrase “climate emergency” may lead to the opposite consequences

D．people all over the world have been accustomed to climate change

3. Which of the following arguments can be used in favour of the phrase “climate emergency”?.

A．Extreme measures will be taken to address the issue of climate change

B．The use of the phrase may contribute to substantial policymaking.

C．The phrase will make no sense unless practical solutions are found.

D．Less attention is paid to the phrase though it reflects a true story.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the phrase “climate emergency”?

A．Negative	B．Optimistic
C．Indifferent	D．Objective

10 . The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.

Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.

Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.

The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.

To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around ￡500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.

Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.

For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior(外部的) advertising space.

The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonhury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.

1. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents              .

A．economically desirable

B．favorable to the environment

C．for holding music performances

D．designed for disaster relief

2. Mr. Dunlop established his business              .

A．independently with an interest-free loan from Mint

B．with the approval of the City’s administration

C．in partnership with a finance group

D．with the help of a Japanese architect

3. It is implied in the passage that               .

A．the weather in the UK. is changeable in summer

B．most performances at British festivals are given in the open air

C．the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored

D．cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users

4. The passage is mainly concerned with              .

A．an attempt at developing recyclable tents

B．some efforts at making full use of cardboards

C．an unusual success of a graduation project

D．the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals