1 . 短文改错
下面短文中有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I live in a very old town which is surrounding by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. In Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, and people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I go for a walk in the woods. That I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The   litter basket were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles or rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which was said, “Anyone who leave litter in these woods will be punished!”

2 . The quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2010 and, a decade later, citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world.
These were the goals set out by the Shanghai Water Authority. With the city’s population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020, Chen Yin, and official with the water authority, said Shanghai’s water consumption will not increase from its present amount.
Zhang Yue, director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction, said, “Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions. They will not be easy to achieve.”
He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of China’s economy.
Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city’s infrastructure（基础设施）costs by 10,000 Yuan. Last year, Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.
“The aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortages,” Chen said. “The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”
Shanghai lacks drinkable water. The Huangpu River, which supplies 80 percent of the city’s drinkable water, is nearing exhaustion.
The city, therefore, has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.
Besides penning regulations, the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.
At present, the city has 600，000 family toilets, each using 13 liters of water per flush. These are to be renovated（整修）to use only 9 liters of water per flush.
The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households – at a cost of 40 Yuan each.
In three years, all the toilets will be renovated, which saves the city nearly 15 million Yuan every year in water conservation.
Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage（污水）to improve the water environment.
At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water. To meet the total demand, 27 more sewage treatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion Yuan.
1. People in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from         now.

A．the underground	B．the rain
C．the Yangtze River	D．the Huangpu River

2. According to the passage, some people have the wrong opinion of using water because      .

A．the renovating of family toilets will save plenty of water

B．about half of waste water has been treated already

C．advanced technology makes people use water as much as possible

D．there is plenty surface water and large amount of rain at present

3. The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to          .

A．make people’s living more convenient

B．improve people’s living standards

C．ease employment pressure

D．meet the total demand of water

4. Which group of measures are all mentioned in the passage to save water?
a．improve drinking water quality     b．change some industrial structure
c．introduce or use some new technology
d．speed the economic development of Shanghai
e．renovate some family toilets f．build more sewage treatment factories

A．a, b, c, d

B．b, c, e, f

C．b, c, d, e

D．a, b, e, f

5. We can infer from the passage that          .

A．the boom of economy will need a larger amount of water in the future

B．citizens today in Shanghai drink the best quality of water in the world

C．not everyone today in Shanghai is aware of water shortage

D．all the family toilets will be renovated to save water within 3 years

3 . My best friend is Cocoa, and I live in a senior-citizen apartment. Cocoa is a ten-year-old dog and I am a sixty-nine-year-old lady, so you can see we both qualify as ____ citizens.
He is a ____ companion. He does many amusing things that make me ____, and when that happens, he is so delighted ____ he just keeps it up.
But one afternoon, Cocoa started acting strangely. I was sitting on the floor playing with him, ____ he started pawing and smelling at the right side of my ____ He had never done anything like this ever before, and I told him, “No.” To Cocoa, one “no” is usually ____, but not that day. He stopped briefly, and then ____ ran toward me, throwing his entire weight at the right side of my chest. He crashed into me and I cried in ____, falling down to the floor. Soon after this, I felt a lump (肿块). I went to my doctors, and after X-rays ____ and lab work were done, they told me I had cancer.
When cancer starts, a ____ of calcium (钙) builds. Then the lump or cancer attaches itself to this wall. When Cocoa jumped on me, the force of the impact broke the lump away from the wall. This made it possible for me to ____ the lump.
I had a complete mastectomy (乳房切除术) and the cancer has not ____ to any other part of my body. The doctors told me if the cancer had gone undetected even six more months, it would have been too ____
Was Cocoa ____ of just what he was doing? I’ll never really know. What I do know is that Cocoa not only shares his life with me, he has also made sure that I will be around to share my life with him!1.

A．good

B．standard

C．senior

D．great

2.

A．wonderful

B．tiring

C．hungry

D．bad

3.

A．leave

B．cry

C．laugh

D．jump

4.

A．as

B．when

C．and

D．that

5.

A．when

B．then

C．though

D．as

6.

A．chest

B．body

C．shoulder

D．arm

7.

A．right

B．good

C．enough

D．unexpected

8.

A．hurriedly

B．rudely

C．slowly

D．suddenly

9.

A．pain

B．surprise

C．trouble

D．danger

10.

A．experiments

B．researches

C．tests

D．papers

11.

A．wall

B．cancer

C．body

D．number

12.

A．watch

B．have

C．get

D．notice

13.

A．ran

B．kept

C．entered

D．spread

14.

A．common

B．late

C．much

D．early

15.

A．ashamed

B．aware

C．afraid

D．tired

4 . Drawings of human colonies on other planets often picture the entire community under a glass or plastic bubble. The bubble is intended to create an atmosphere with adequate oxygen and other essential elements. But similar bubble-like structures have also been constructed on earth. One of the most famous, and controversial, is a site in the Arizona desert.
Biosphere 2, as it is called, was built not far from Tucson in 1984 and is now run by Columbia University. This huge（7,200,000-cubic-foot）glass and steel construction contains several separate ecosystems, including a desert, a rain forest, and a 900,000-gallon “ocean.” The climatic conditions-humidity, temperature, air quality-are regulated by sensors and can be adjusted as needed or desired. For example, a rainstorm can be created to increase the humidity. The adjustable features of Biosphere 2 make it an ideal location to perform experiments to help determine the effects of such climatic changes as global warming.
The current conditions at Biosphere 2 are vastly different from those in 1993, when eight people who had moved into the environment with great fanfare two years earlier moved out in failure. Though promising to be self-sufficient（自足的）, these “colonists” had so much trouble regulating the environment that they reportedly had food smuggled into them. Oxygen levels became dangerously low; most plants and animals died. In taking over the unsuccessful site, Columbia hopes to erase its notorious past by focusing on small research projects that gradually answer some of Biosphere 1’s — that is, Earth’s most basic environment questions.
1. This passage primarily deals with _________.

A．conditions of life in Biosphere 2

B．building controlled environments on other planets

C．why Biosphere 2 failed in the past

D．what makes a good biosphere colonist

2. Biosphere 2 is now run by _________.

A．a group of eight colonists

B．Columbia University

C．the city of Tucson

D．scientists who hope to establish Biosphere 3

3. The passage suggests that earlier colonists of Biosphere 2 _________.

A．did not like living in a controlled environment

B．found it very difficult to live in a controlled environment

C．still are involved with Biosphere 2

D．have now left the country in disgrace

4. The writer helps you understand what Biosphere 2 is like by _________.

A．comparing its features with those of an outer space biosphere

B．explaining the process by which it was constructed

C．referring to an interview with one of former inhabitants

D．describing its appearance and conditions

5. In paragraph 3 the word “notorious” means _________.

A．well known for something good	B．well known for something bad
C．very dangerous	D．quite interesting

5 . 语法填空

Many people keep small fish as pets.     1    keep them in a tank of water, which is made of glass. People can look through it. They can see inside the tank     2     watch the fish.

The fish need room. They need oxygen to     3    (breath). There must be enough water     4     all fish. So the size of the tank is very important.

In the tank people put small plants     5     are good for fish. They give oxygen to the water. Plants help in other ways, too. They can hide among the plants and lay eggs there.

The fish must be kept in water all the time. Some can jump high.    6     the tank should be covered with enough water. This keeps the fish from     7     (jump) out.

The fish need food and should     8     (feed) every day. But    9     you give them too much food, it is very bad, for the extra food will fall to the bottom and make     10     water dirty. So the fish should get just enough food and finish it in ten minutes. Nothing should be left.

6 . There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henry's cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.

1. How many states are there in the U. S. A. ?

A．Five

B．Forty- Five.

C．Fifty

D．Fifteen.

2. Which state is the largest in population?

A．California.	B．Rhode-Island.
C．Alaska	D．Los Angeles.

3. Which state is the newest, and the smallest in population?

A．Rhode Island.

B．Seattle.

C．San Francisco.

D．Alaska.

4. Which of the following is true?

A．The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast.

B．Washington is the most important and the largest city.

C．New York is the largest city in the United States.

D．Henry's cousin lives in the Seattle.

5. Why is Washington, D. C. the most important American city?
Because _________.

A．it is the largest city	B．it is the largest in population
C．it is the most beautiful city	D．it is the capital of the United States

7 . E

City officials are hoping to use the power of dog droppings. San Franciscans already recycle more than 60% of their dogs’ droppings, but in this dog-friendly town, such wastes make up nearly 4% of residential waste, or 6,500 tons a year.

Within the next few months, Norcal Waste, a company that collects San Francisco’s wastes, will begin a trial program under which it uses biodegradable (生物分解的) bags and dog-waste carts to pick up droppings at a popular dog park.

The droppings will be thrown into a machine called a methane digester (沼气处理机), which is basically a tank in which bacteria feed on droppings for weeks to create methane gas.

The methane could then be piped directly to a gas stove, a steam heater, an air turbine or anything else powered by natural gas. It can also be used to produce electricity.

Someone doubts whether this plan is practical. But Norcal Waste spokesman, Robert Reed points to San Francisco’s creative food composting (混合肥料) program, which began 10 years ago. It is a proof that an unusual idea can work in this forward-thinking city. Norcal Waste collects 300 tons of food left over after meals per day from homes and restaurants and changes it into a rich fertilizer sold to grape farms and organic farms.

Methane digesters are nothing new. The technology was introduced in Europe about 20 years ago, and more than 600 farm-based digesters are in operation there. Nine are in use on California cow farms, and chicken and pig farms elsewhere in the United States also use them.

“The main obstacle is probably getting communities around the country the courage to collect dog droppings, to give value to something we’d rather not talk about,” Brinton, a recycling and composting consultant, said. “San Francisco is probably the king of pet cities. This could be an advantage of it, which is very important.”

Some other experts believe energy production from dog droppings must become more attractive economically before it gets popular. Landfill space is relatively cheap, and natural gas and electricity also remain fairly inexpensive. However, Reed said confidently, “Now, the city authorities asked us to look at dog waste specifically.”

1. How many dogs’ droppings can be recycled at present per year in San Francisco?

A．About 6,500 tons.	B．About 169,000 tons.
C．About 260 tons.	D．About 3,900 tons.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．there are many pets that are treated well in San Francisco

B．Norcal Waste is a company of refuse (垃圾) treatment, which collects dog wastes only

C．most of the farms in Europe use Methane digesters

D．Brinton doesn’t feel optimistic about the collection of dog droppings in San Francisco

3. The underlined word “obstacle” in Paragraph 7 most probably means ________.

A．interest

B．effect

C．difficulty

D．purpose

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．San Francisco is a city full of innovation.

B．Dog droppings can be changed into methane gas in several days.

C．It is the first time to utilize animal waste in San Francisco.

D．Utilizing dog droppings presently is more economical than the landfill.

5. Which the following can be the best title of this passage?

A．Animal wastes collection by Norcal Waste

B．Changing dog droppings into energy

C．Methane digester technology in San Francisco

D．A dog droppings composting program

8 .        Visitors from space may have landed on our planet dozens, even hundreds of times during the long, empty ages while Man was still a dream of the distant future. Indeed, they could have landed on 90% of the earth as recently as two or three hundred years ago, and we could never have heard of it. If one searches through old newspapers and local records, one can find many reports of strange incidents that could be interpreted(解释) as visits from outer space. A winter, Charles Fort, had made a collection of UFO sightings in his book. One is tempted(引诱) to believe them more than any modern reports, for the simple reason that they happened long before anyone had ever thought of space travel. Yet at the same time, one can’t take them too seriously, for before scientific education was widespread, even sightings of meteors(流星) and comets(彗星) gave rise to the most unbelievable stories, as they still do today.
1. According to the passage visitors from space may have landed on the earth _____.

A．long before man had dreamed of it

B．long before there were human beings

C．in the last few hundred years

D．after the space age began

2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．All observations of UFO’s are believable

B．Charles Fort sighted a lot of UFO’s himself

C．Older civilization (文明) may exist on other planets

D．People have seen visitors from other planets everywhere

3. If visitors from other planets have actually landed on the earth, one can suppose that they came to __________________.

A．make war

B．communicate

C．settle down

D．explore

4. The passage implies that the space age has __________________.

A．made the reported sightings unbelievable

B．increased the number of UFO sightings

C．allowed more scientific study of UFO’s

D．given clearer pictures of UFO’s

5. According to the passage, __________________.

A．UFO’s are only recent observations	B．UFO sightings are not new
C．UFO’s are just meteors and comets	D．UFO’s are invented by people

9 . 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式
填空，并将答案填在答题卷的相应位置上。

We must have water to live.     1    the water we use is clean and fresh, it will make us ill. The animals     2     (live) in and around lakes and rivers must also have clean water. Our rivers and lakes supply most of our water. The clear, blue water found by the first American settlers has changed. Many of our water sources are now     3    . They are filled     4     dirt and waste which cannot be cleaned out. In many places, waste is not safe for most uses.

Lake Erie was     5     a beautiful lake. Now it has been called “a dying lake”. Waste from nearby homes and factories has been dumped into     6    . Fish can no longer live in much of its polluted water. George Washington once called the Potomac “    7     finest river in the world”. Now its water is no longer blue. Instead, it is soupy green. Suds, from detergents used to wash clothes, often cover the water of our rivers.

Water cannot     8    (make) in a factory. Once water is polluted it is     9     to make it clean and safe again. We must learn to take care of the water     10     we now have.