1 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A brave dog fought off a coyote (丛林狼) twice her size to protect her 10-year-old owner after it attacked them. Owner Lily Kwan, 10, said she had just heard her neighbors in her Toronto, Canada community on Tuesday warning people of a coyote going after children in the area when the animal started biting at her heels while she was walking dog Macy.

In the video captured by a neighbor’s security camera, Lily can be seen running down the sidewalk with her six-year-old rescue dog while the coyote followed them so closely.

“I thought, ‘Am I next, what is going to happen to me?’” Lily told the local newspaper. “I was screaming for help but no one heard me,” said Lily. “I saw this coyote trying to attack my dog and I tried to ring people’s doorbells and knock on people’s doors. Luckily, this one neighbor let me in.”

But while Lucy made it to safety, Macy wouldn’t follow her inside. Instead the little dog turned around toward the coyote. After briefly screaming Macy’s name, Lily ran onto the neighbor’s second floor. Macy could be seen fighting with the coyote, before it caught her and bit her in its mouth and shook her violently. She cried in pain, but kept barking and bit the coyote back until it gave up and ran away finally.

“She’s a super brave dog,” Lily said “I love her so much, and I just thought this tiny dog could protect this huge human being, trying to fight off this huge coyote.”

Lily’s mother, Dorothy Kwan, said she was not surprised when hearing Macy’s action. “My dog would do anything for our family, so I’m actually not surprised that she did that,” Dorothy Kwan said.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dorothy said she was shocked by the coyote’s scaring behavior.

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Macy was taken to the ICU on Tuesday, and returned home on Thursday.

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2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Poor environment is connected with poor health. Now a new public-health     1     (tend)is becoming apparent: Making indoor air cleaner.

Let’s take schools for example. Across Denmark, France, and Sweden, researchers found that indoor-air quality in 66% of classrooms fell short     2     healthy standards. Outdoor-air pollution can get inside buildings — childhood     3     (expose)can affect their physical development and academic performance, and cause cancer.

The problem extends well beyond classrooms. Many people spend more than 90% of their time     4     (stay)indoors. Spaces in buildings with poor air may cause a range of diseases — headaches, shortness of breath, coughs and discomfort of eye, nose, throat and skin. Poor air     5     (blame)for decreased productivity in the past few years.

Covid-19 has brought a new urgency to the matter     6     (great). More investment would be well spent. Better indoor air improves academic development — math     7     reading scores go up. Meanwhile pupils are     8     (attentive)in class. Poor air indoors is the     9     (forget)part when people improved public health. Covid-19 should lead policymakers to focus on the problem,     10     is of great importance for people’s well-being.

3 . Just as it does on Earth, it snows on Mars. However, scientists have found that Martian snow is “dustier” than it is on Earth, which could mean it’s warmer and more likely to melt into water, a new study suggests.

“There is a chance that this dusty and dark ice might melt a few centimeters down,” said the study’s lead author, Aditya Khuller, in a statement.

In June, a separate study suggested that there may be more water on Mars than previously thought.

The scientists believe that the ice that was dug up by the Phoenix lander in 2008 occurred from a snowfall sometime over the past million years.

“It is widely believed that Mars has experienced many ice ages throughout its history, and it looks like the ice being exposed throughout the mid-latitudes of Mars is the remains of this ancient dusty snowfall,” Khuller added.

If researchers are able to better learn about the potentials of water on Mars, then they may be able to better learn about its prospects for once hosting life.

“Describing these features can significantly improve the ice stability (稳定) on Mars and inform us about its age and origin,” the researchers wrote in the study.

The researchers say that more work is required to determine if the ice actually melts into water.

Khuller added, “We are working on developing improved computer imitations of Martian ice to study how it evolves over time, and whether it might melt to form liquid water. The results from this study will be necessary to our work because knowing how dark the ice is directly influences how warm it gets.”

It has been somewhat integral to find, although scientists confirmed in 2018 that Mars still has lakes filled with liquid water.

1. Why does the ice on Mars melt more easily than that on Earth?

A．It’s warmer on Mars.	B．Mars’ ice is dustier and darker.
C．The temperature is not stable on Mars.	D．Mars’ ice is exposed to the sun for long.

2. What might be the purpose for scientists’ study on Mars’ snow?

A．To help reduce ice’s melting.	B．To research the amount of water.
C．To speed up its turning into water.	D．To better learn the prospects of water.

3. Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A．It’s impossible to learn the origin of Mars’ ice.

B．It’s easy to find lakes with liquid water on Mars.

C．Scientists are trying to improve ice stability on Mars.

D．The Phoenix lander was the first explorer to land on Mars.

4. What does the underlined word “integral” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Impossible.

B．Difficult.

C．Unbelievable.

D．Interesting.

6 . India has the world's worst air pollution. Home to 21 of the world's 30 most polluted cities, its poisonous air kills more than one million people each year.

Being the world's second largest brick producer, India's brick kilns (砖窋) account for of black carbon emissions globally. Architect Tejas Sidnal was astonished to discover the construction industry's role in the pollution crisis. "That was a crazy eye opener," he says. "As architects, we are responsible for so much air pollution."

Determined to make construction more sustainable and tackle India's air pollution, Sidnal launched Carbon Craft Design in 2019. The startup takes black carbon extracted from polluted air and upcycles it to make stylish, handcrafted building tiles (瓷砖).

To create the carbon tiles, Carbon Craft Design, together with Graviky Labs, uses a filter device to capture carbon soot (碳黑) from tail gas and fossil fuel generators, removes pollutants such as heavy metals and dust from the soot, and gives the purified carbon to Carbon Craft Design in powder form. The company then mixes the captured carbon with cement and marble waste from quarries to produce monochromatic tiles. The company aims to ensure each tile contains at least waste material. It sells the tiles to architects and retailers (零售商) for per square meter-a high price compared to regular tiles.

As the company expands production, Sidnal hopes to lower prices and produce a cheaper range of carbon tiles. "We want to hit the affordable sector," he says. "Sustainability is not only for the elite (精英)."

Since launching its first tiles a year ago, Carbon Craft Design's customers have included global fashion brands and architecture firms in India. In November 2020, an Adidas store in Mumbai covered the walls and the floor with its carbon tiles. Inquiries from in and out of India came flooding in.

Architect Manan Gala describes the carbon tile as a "winner", which, apart from being sustainable, has better strength than conventional cement tiles due to the carbon content, and the raw and rustic feel adds to the overall charm.

1. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Something shocking.	B．Something impossible.
C．Something ridiculous.	D．Something unavoidable.

2. What can we learn from paragraph 4 ?

A．The price of each tile.

B．The way to produce the carbon tiles.

C．The purpose of purifying the air.

D．The reason for producing the carbon tiles.

3. Carbon tiles have advantages in the following aspects except in ________.

A．strength

B．sustainability

C．appearance

D．price

7 . Scientists in Britain and the United States have designed a substance that eats plastic. They believe that, in the future, it can help reduce pollution.

The enzyme（酶）is able to break down polyethylene terephthalate（聚对苯二甲乙二醇酯）, or PET. This form of plastic was patented in the 1940s. PET plastic can remain in the environment for hundreds of years. The plastic pollutes large areas of land and water around the world.

Researchers from Britain and the U.S. made the discovery. John McGeehan, a professor in Portsmouth said the researchers found that the natural enzyme was helping bacteria break down PET plastic. So, the researchers decided to make small changes to the structure of enzyme by adding some amino acids（氨基酸）. This led to a valuable change in the enzyme’s actions. It made the enzyme’s plastic-eating abilities work more quickly.

“We’ve made an improved version of the enzyme better than the natural one already,” McGeehan told the Reuters news service（路透社）. He added that it may be possible for them to make more improvement to it in the future.

The team is now trying to make it possible for the enzyme to be able to break down much larger amounts of PET plastic.

McGeehan said, “It’s within the bounds of possibility that, in the coming years, we will see a process capable of turning PET, and potentially other plastic, back into their original building blocks to that they can be continuously recycled.”

Oliver Jones is a chemistry expert at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University. He told Reuters that enzymes are not harmful to humans and other animals. “There is strong potential of using enzyme technology to help with society’s growing waste problem by breaking down some of the most commonly used plastic,” Jones said.

1. What do we know about PET in the passage?

A．It can’t be absorbed.	B．It can be recycled.
C．It causes pollution.	D．It is widely used.

2. What do we know about the researchers’ discovery?

A．PET plastic can remain in the environment for hundreds of years.

B．The structure of PET plastic can be changed in order to break it down.

C．PET Plastic can be turned back to original materials.

D．The natural enzyme has an ability to eat PET plastic.

3. We can infer from what Oliver Jones said that ________.

A．there will be much less plastic pollution in the future

B．enzyme products will be sold in supermarkets for family use

C．enzyme technology will be greatly developed in the future

D．we can use the enzyme to break down plastic bags at home

4. Where can you most probably come across this article?

A．In a newspaper.	B．In a television interview.
C．In an environmental magazine.	D．In a research report.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案 填写在答题纸的相应位置。

Bees are disappearing. But does it     1     (real) matter if bees disappear? Are they so important to our environment? The short answer is, yes, it does matter and yes, they are important. Bees fly around from flower to flower,     2     (look) for pollen (花粉). They use these to produce honey,     3     is food for their colonies. But at the same time, the bees help to move pollen from one flower to another. This process     4     (call) pollination (授粉). Pollination means that the flowers can create seeds and new flowers.     5     bees, many flowers can’t make seeds or fruit. In fact, bees are responsible for the pollination of one     6     (three) of all the plants which we eat. A single hive (蜂箱) with 50,000 honeybees can pollinate 500,000 plants in one day! Imagine     7     world with no apples, carrots, onions, strawberries or, of course, honey. That’s a world with no bees.

So,     8     are the bees disappearing? Scientists think that there are several possible reasons, including climate change, disease and pesticides.

But it’s not all bad news. Primary schools, businesses, universities and community centres are now setting up their own hives. They enjoy the delicious honey and at the same time they know that they     9     (help) to look after some of the most important     10     (insect) on the planet.

9 . Every year, natural disasters affect about 250 million people and global warming is making droughts and floods more common.     1     But we can reduce the number of people who die in them.

In Bangladesh，a lot of people have to live on flat and near the sea, but the cyclones (旋风) there bring terrible floods. In 1970, Cyclone Bhola killed at least 300,000 people.     2     In 1991, the even stronger cyclone Gorky hit the country. This time, people could use special school buildings as emergency shelters. Unfortunately, many women and children didn’t go to them and around 140,000 people drowned.

After this, villages set up groups of emergency volunteers and teachers had to talk to children every week about the things which they should do if there was a cyclone warning.

    3     It came in 2007. Twelve hours before cyclone Sidr reached land, a Bangladeshi scientist in the USA calculated (计算) the exact areas of danger on a computer. The emergency volunteers in the villages spread the warning fast.

    4     “You must come to the school now,” they shouted. “You won’t be safe if you stay here.” All the buildings in the village were destroyed in the cyclone except for the school shelter.

Not everyone in Bangladesh was so lucky.     5     But this was a much smaller number than in the big cyclones of the twentieth century. With modern technology, planning and education, we don’t have to lose huge numbers of lives in natural disasters.

A．Sadly, we can’t stop the disasters.

B．Four thousand people died in cyclone Sidr.

C．Heavy rains, too, contribute to the total cyclone damage.

D．They didn’t have to wait many years for the next big cyclone.

E．It was one of the worst natural disasters of the twentieth century.

F．Ten-year-old Rupa and her friends ran to all their neighbours’ homes.

G．A tropical cyclone can be up to six miles high, and hundreds of miles wide.

10 . On August 8, 2021, the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its first assessment of climate science since 2013. The news was not good. The report stated that this past decade was the hottest in 125,000 years and that the atmospheric carbon levels are the highest in at least 2 million years. Glaciers are melting faster than any time in over 2,000 years, and ocean levels are rising at twice the rate since 2006.

At the current pace, the researchers expect global temperatures to rise by at least 1.5°, compared to pre-industrial levels, within the next 20 years. The temperature increases will result in significant changes to the planet’s water cycle. Areas that currently receive a lot of rain will get significantly more, while dry regions will become increasingly likely to droughts.

The IPCC’s findings come as no surprise to the millions of people worldwide currently feeling the impacts of climate-related disasters. America and many European countries are battling wildfires. Meanwhile, an unprecedented (史无前例的) week-long storm in July 2021 caused flash floods and mudslides in Western Europe. Climate change is even impacting the Earths coldest and most remote regions which experienced the first rainfall event in recorded history.

The situation may sound hopeless. However, many experts believe it is still not too late to turn things around, if we all act now. While governments need to do their share by introducing and obey stricter carbon emission laws, individuals can also help. Driving less, conserving water, and reducing electricity usage are some great ways to start. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle will help conserve natural resources and energy. It will also save you and your community. Be sure to start doing your part to save our beautiful home today!

1. Why did IPCC release its first assessment of climate science?

A．To appeal to people to reduce carbon levels.

B．To state the earth’s temperature hits a record high.

C．To inform readers climate change is severe.

D．To report ocean levels are rising higher.

2. What may lead to great changes to the planet’s water cycle?

A．The rise of global temperatures.	B．The fast development of industry.
C．The heavy rainfall of the earth.	D．The terrible droughts in dry regions.

3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Effects of climate change.	B．Facts of rainfall disasters.
C．Losses caused by natural disasters.	D．Weather phenomena in many regions.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Fighting against climate change is relatively simple.

B．Stricter carbon emission laws has been tightened up.

C．The author is opposed to consuming natural resources.

D．The author urges immediate action on climate change.