1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．Snowy.

B．Cloudy.

C．Smoggy.

D．Rainy.

2.

A．Red.

B．Orange.

C．Yellow.

D．Blue.

3.

A．Snow and rain have already brought an end to the heavy smog.

B．Beijing has gone through two red alerts for smog.

C．Beijing’s PM2.5 levels became worse in 2015.

D．Winter months are the most polluted because of the increased use of cars.

2 . The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of buildings. Today, thousands of people come to ________ building conferences, and the idea that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly ________ in years to come. Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for ________ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis ________ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been looking for ways to make these materials ________   for people and the planet.

Home builders can now use materials, such as green paints, that release significantly ________   amounts of chemical compounds, which people believe don’t ________ the quality of the air.   ________, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating ________ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or ________ by industry again and again. For example, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already ________ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.

Look at it this way: no one ________ to create a building that destroy the planet. But our current industrial systems are basically causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So   ________ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are ________ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a ________   effect on the world. It is not just the building industry, either. Entire cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building.

1.

A．commercial

B．green

C．traditional

D．simple

2.

A．efficient

B．changeable

C．influential

D．effective

3.

A．relevant

B．indoor

C．flexible

D．forward

4.

A．revealed

B．displayed

C．exhibited

D．discovered

5.

A．careful

B．comfortable

C．stable

D．safe

6.

A．reduced

B．revised

C．delayed

D．defined

7.

A．destroy

B．deny

C．dissolve

D．depress

8.

A．Anyway

B．Besides

C．Anyhow

D．However

9.

A．exactly

B．completely

C．partially

D．superficially

10.

A．restored

B．regain

C．reused

D．retain

11.

A．developed

B．stretched

C．researched

D．constructed

12.

A．sets off

B．sets about

C．sets out

D．sets up

13.

A．instead

B．because

C．out

D．regardless

14.

A．adjusting

B．adopting

C．adapting

D．admitting

15.

A．functional

B．sensible

C．beneficial

D．precious

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. adventure               B. carelessly       C. existence               D. exploit        E. inaccessible F. minimized        G. reflects        H. responsible        I. accounts   J. visible            K. wilderness

Antarctica is the highest, driest and coldest place on Earth. It is also the remotest, a fact which     1     for its unspoiled environment. It is widely described as the last     2     on our planet. The cold climate is     3     for maintaining the continent’s year-round ice fields. Even though Antarctica receives more sunlight than the equator(赤道), the temperatures are lower because the ice sheet     4     the heat back into space.

For centuries, Europeans wondered about the     5     of a South-Polar continent, but no one actually knew for certain Antarctica was there until 1820 when European explorers “discovered” it. Since then, men have gone to Antarctica in search of     6    . Testing their abilities, several teams of explorers set out in 1911 to be the first men to stand at the South Pole.

Once completely     7    , Antarctica has more recently been playing host to adventurers seeking for excitement, scientists interested in experimenting, and companies looking to     8     this wild area for profit.

Yet, Antarctica’s fragile and complicated eco-system is threatened by its human visitors. Damage to the environment occurs as people come looking for resources beneath the ice, or     9     leave their garbage behind. Currently, countries are working to ensure that the damage to Antarctica’s environment is     10    , and that Antarctica will remain an unspoiled place.

4 . What Makes Risk-Takers Tempt Fate?

Moments before throwing herself off a thousand-foot cliff, Steph Davis feels a surge of fear and excitement. As she pushes away from the edge, these mixed feelings give way to an intense rush, then deep focus. She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds.

    1     In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors.

Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA. Cynthia Thomson’s study found that individuals who reported riskier behavior usually shared a similar genetic constitution (构成). Scientists believe that people with this genetic variant produce more dopamine receptors. “So they need to seek out intense situations to bring up their dopamine levels,” says Thomson.

    2     Several studies have shown that risk-taking behavior is linked to the earliest bonds (关系) we form with our primary caretakers. Those with less secure attachments are more likely to engage in dangerous activities.

There is the common idea that extreme sports enthusiasts are chasing thrills. But Tim Woodman, a professor at the Bangor University in Wales, suggests that it is about something altogether different: emotion regulation. In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia.     3     “It’s rewarding because they’ve moved from a feeling of inadequacy to a sense of achievement,” says Woodman.

For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的).     4     What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential.

A．Now, research suggests that they are right.

B．They seek out extreme sports as a way to actually feel.

C．Extreme sports such as wingsuiting are gaining popularity.

D．However, most scientists agree that personality is a complex mix of environmental and genetic influences.

E．They are actually extremely well-prepared athletes with high levels of self-awareness and a deep knowledge of the environment.

F．According to a study by the University of Colorado School of Medicine, 76 percent of wingsuiters have experienced a close call.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Health warning as UK swelters

People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.

A heat wave is defined as a period of hot weather     1     temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer.

However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly     2     (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme. The current hot weather is even (much)     3     extreme in some European countries— temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃.

Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people     4     certain health conditions. However, anyone     5     suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists     6     (suggest) that, just as storms are given names, we should name heat waves in order to raise awareness of the health risks.

The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. This means there is the possibility of travel delays, road and rail closures, power cuts and a potential risk to people’s health. Temperatures are expected     7     (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions that the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss     8     to introduce a heat wave emergency.

To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm,     9     temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, apply sunscreen and drink plenty of water.     10     (close) curtains in the rooms in your home that face the sun will help to keep indoor spaces cooler. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice.

6 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

91. The Problem of Packaging

A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.

Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.

People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to recycling company for processing.

The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. replace       B. seeking       C. employ       D. investing       E. specifically             F. inevitable G. negatively             H. alternative              I. artificial       J. product             K. regulations

Animal Testing

Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. Although FDA has never     1     required the use of animals in testing cosmetics for safety, animal testing is often used to establish product safety by manufacturers     2     to launch new products.

In some cases, after considering potential alternatives, companies may still determine that animal testing is necessary to ensure the safety of a(n)     3     or ingredient. FDA also supports and sticks to the applicable laws,     4     and policies governing animal testing. Moreover, in all cases where animal testing is used, FDA advocates that research and testing should get the maximum amount of useful scientific information from the minimum use of animals, and     5     the most humane (人道主义) methods available within the limits of scientific capability.

Animal testing seems     6     in the current cosmetic industry, but many people believe that prior to the use of animals, consideration should be given to the use of scientifically valid (有效的)     7     methods to whole-animal testing. Actually, in the late 1990, FDA joined with other thirteen federal agencies in finding possible ways to     8     animals in tests. FDA has been supporting the development and use of alternatives to whole-animal testing and thus has been     9     considerable amounts of money into research on animal substitutes.

Besides American scientists scientists in other countries are making efforts swell. Scottish University are now trying to create the world’s first     10     human liver for drug testing so as to dramatically cut the number of live animals used and get life-saving medicines into the clinic faster.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill n each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Green efforts produce promising results along upper reaches of Yangtze River

Every late autumn, groups of black-headed gulls (海鸥) arrive “as    1     (schedule)” in Luzhou city on the upper reaches (上游) of the Yangtze River.     2     (circle) over the water, the oceanic birds always attract a crowd of bind watchers.

Besides Luzhou, the migratory birds are also frequent visitors to Sichuan’s Deyang, Neijiang and other cities     3     the Tuojiang River flows. Local enthusiasts have all set up bird-watching and bird-love associations.

The black-headed gull, a rare bird species     4     white feathers and red beak and claws, is regarded as the “barometer” (风向标) of the ecological environment in watersheds (流域). The spotting of these black-headed birds reflects the promising results produced by Sichuan’s green efforts in recent years.

Among Sichuan’s many water systems, the Tuojiang River shares a vital position,     5     because it is an essential tributary (支流) of the Yangtze River, but also due to the fact     6     the 25,500 square kilometers it flows through cover the most concentrated, densely populated and economically powerful areas in the province.

Since the 1990s, the continuous acceleration of industrialization and urbanization exerted huge environmental burdens on the Tuojiang River, making it once     7     (polluted) river in Sichuan.

Consequently, a campaign to treat water pollution     8     (launch) in 2018. After years of efforts, the water quality of the Tuojiang River flowing into the estuary (河口) of the Yangtze River has now reached its best level in 20 years.

Chengdu, the provincial capital, has embraced more blue skies in recent years     9     the promotion of air pollution prevention and control work.

According to the Chengdu Mountain View Data Report released annually by a large group of photography enthusiasts, the number of days     10     people were able to see snow mountains from downtown Chengdu increased from 50 days in 2017 to 63 days in 2021.

9 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Meet the Islands

Located 86 km north-east of Bougainville in the South Pacific, the Carteret Islands of Papua New Guinea are composed of low-lying islands     1     (distribute) in a horseshoe shape, with a total land area of 0.6 square kilometers and a maximum elevation of 1.5 meters above sea level.

The Carteret Islands are believed     2     (inhabit) for more than one thousand years. Few places are as calm, peaceful and beautiful as the seaside here on a calm day. People are very     3     (welcome), gentle, and calm. There’s no phone network, shops, computers, roads, cars, or motorbikes. Food is cooked on open fires. People here live sustainably. They don’t overfish or pollute, making no contribution to the warming of our planet. However, they are feeling the consequences of the climate change.

Now, as the land     4     (swallow) by the rising sea, the islanders are faced with an uncertain future. Storms and high tides wash away homes, destroy vegetable gardens and pollute fresh water supplies. The trees on the island are also being impacted by the saltwater. The beach exists     5     fertile soil once did.     6     the coral and seagrasses die, so do the breeding areas for fish. Many seawalls have been built     7     with little success. The islands have gradually become uninhabitable.

The Carteret islanders are labelled as the world’s first official climate-change refugees, as they are forced to abandon their homelands     8     food shortages, rising sea levels, sinking shorelines, and the dangers of storms and tides. In front of     9     is the choice whether to stay and watch the islands shrink and slowly disappear or try to rebuild their community somewhere else. Yet, the relocation is not a move embraced by most, and some are unhappy living away from their home, and have returned after struggling to adapt. On the other hand, relocation will be a great challenge to the preservation of the identity and culture of the Carteret islanders.

The Carteret Islanders’ story illustrates how small island states and coastal communities fall victim     10     rising sea levels caused by climate change. The Carteret Islanders, with a carbon footprint among the lowest in the world, will be among the first to have to leave their homes because of rising seas caused by emissions from other nations.

10 . EARTH WEEK—A diary of the planet

Storms

Several more rounds of fierce storms, tornadoes and floods struck many parts of the American Midwest and Northeast as bad weather continued across the US for a second month.

Monsoon Storms

A south-west monsoon has caused great damage in parts of SriLanka. Government meteorologists said that unexpected monsoonal winds blew directly across the country from the southern part of the earth at about 100km/h, producing several rounds of stormy weather. Nearly 250 houses in the capital Colombo were damaged.

Mt Etna Erupts

Sicily Mount Etna volcano erupted shortly after midnight on July 1, shooting “bombs” of lave (岩浆) on the eastern side of the mountain. The 30-minute eruption could be seen for several miles but did not threaten any nearby villages.

Hurricane

Hurricane Blas lost strength as it moved over cooler waters in the Pacific Ocean to the west of Mexico. Blas formed off southwest Mexico during the last week, but the outer part of the storm swept western Michoacan State, killing four people when their wood and cardboard home fell down.

Monkey Repellent

After years of unsuccessful attempts to keep crop-eating monkeys out of Japanese fields, a Tokyo research team believes that it may have finally found a way to prevent the damage caused by the monkeys. Animal ruin of crops were successfully prevented by shooting chili powder into the air, irritating the eyes and noses of monkeys that passed in front of carefully placed warning. “We’ve tried all kinds of preventive measures, but the monkeys are bright enough to outsmart the tricks,” said Toshiaki Wada, Director of the Tokyo Forestry Experiment Station in western Tokyo.

1. The monsoon in Sri Lanka ________.

A．was of average strength	B．destroyed more property than previous monsoons
C．was rare for that time of the year	D．affected only the outer areas of the nation

2. Toshiaki Wada, director of the Tokyo Forestry Experiment Station, would describe the monkeys as ________.

A．happy

B．clever

C．harmless

D．lovable

3. The information in the “EARTH WEEK” diary ________.

A．tells people future weather patterns	B．gives advice on dealing with monsoons
C．shows that weather can change unexpectedly	D．shows the effects that storms have on animals