1 . Which streets have more shade? Or a drinking fountain? Now, residents in Barcelona have an app that can give you all the answers.

This app, Cool Walks, which only maps one neighborhood in Barcelona to date, uses a tool called Lidar to create a high resolution of ground elevation that is combined with sun data to figure out where the shady places are.

With the planet getting hotter, heat waves harm people more than any other climate risk. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, more than 11,000 Americans died from heat-related causes since 1979. Some populations, like seniors over 65 or people with respiratory(呼吸的) issues, are easily influenced by heat.

Today, heatwaves affect 200 million people in more than 350 cities around the world. Barcelona is just one of them. If the Paris agreement’s 1.5℃ climate change goal is not met, even more people will be impacted by the rising temperatures.

Barcelona is already working on ways to help ease the effects of global warming. The city created a 20-year Tree Master Plan, in 2017, to increase the proportion of land covered by trees from 25 percent to 35 percent and to provide residents with a green infrastructure(基础设施) and quality public spaces. Parks with trees are full of shade.

“Trees and broader green infrastructure are the most advanced technology known for easing the impact of our densifying and rapidly heating cities. City leaders should make that their priority in the first instance,” said Jon Burke.

This app is a good way for people to be able to function in a hotter city while long-term solutions like tree planting, reducing the number of cars on the roads, and green infrastructure are being carried out. Every city around the globe should have one.

1. What does the third paragraph mainly deal with?

A．The planet getting hotter.	B．The harm of climate risk.
C．The effect of heat waves.	D．The health of the seniors.

2. What’s the aim to mention the Paris agreement?

A．To show it is important.	B．To show it is well received.
C．To show most people obey it.	D．To show it’s tough to carry out.

3. Why was a 20-year Tree Master Plan made?

A．To draw people’s attention.	B．To improve living conditions.
C．To reduce the use of electricity.	D．To create more public spaces.

4. What is Jon Burke’s attitude to planting more tress?

A．Favorable.

B．Objective.

C．Doubtful.

D．Critical.

2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

If you want to hike alone in the woods, it’s always a good deal to bring along your best friend — the dog.

A hiker in Nevada recently learned that lesson the hard way. A 53-year-old man was hiking in the woods in Nevada County on the night of July 12 when he fell down a 70-foot embankment (路堤). He was badly injured, breaking his hip and ribs, but he managed to drag himself to a spot with cell service and call for help.

After getting cellphone reception, the wounded hiker, whose name was not released by authorities, phoned first responders at noon the following day asking for help and telling them about his broken bones. The man then covered himself in a camouflage tarp (伪装油布) and waited for help to arrive. His loyal friend, Saul, waited by his side.

Upon receiving the man’s emergency call, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection enlisted the help of the nonprofit Nevada County Sheriff’s Search and Rescue to locate and rescue the man.

Twenty-five members of the Nevada County Sheriff’s Search and Rescue organization set out to find the hiker, whose last GPS location was used to get to the general neighborhood, but with miles of huge wilderness around them, they worried it would take a long time to find him.

At about 7 p. m. on July 13, the search was still going on. “Having searching for the man for over seven hours, we were tired out and felt a bit disappointed,” said Dennis Haack, leader of the Search and Rescue team, “But I do put a lot of faith in our searchers because they’re extremely good at what they do.”

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Suddenly, a black dog came into the sight of a group of rescuers.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The hiking victim was put into a helicopter.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Argentine research base Esperanza has been collecting data about the changes of the temperature in Antarctica since 1961. According to the data collected by the station, Antarctica has had its     1     (high) recorded temperature of 18.3℃, beating 2015’s record of 17.5℃. The reading     2     (take) at the Argentine research base last week. Meanwhile, the rate of ice loss from five Antarctic glaciers (冰川)     3     (double) in the past six years and is five times faster than in the 1990s. “The reading is     4     sign of that the warming happening there is much faster than the global average,     5     is surely worrying many people,” said Professor James Renwick, a climate scientist at Victoria University. “The reading is     6     (impress) as it’s only five years since the previous record was set and this is almost one degree centigrade higher,” he added.

Global warming     7     (drive) by human activities has been blamed for Antarctica’s rising temperatures. “Scientists have lots of     8     (evident) to show that the Earth’s climate is rapidly changing due     9     human activities,” said Professor James. “Antarctica’s heating ice sheets are falling apart,     10     (threaten) to cause sudden and great rises in global sea levels. We should take action before it is too late.”

4 . Water companies have pumped waste water into Britain’s seas and rivers for more than nine million hours since 2016, new data suggests. The figure is an increase of 2,553% over five years, according to Environment Agency (EA) data, so the EA warned holidaymakers to avoid dozens of beaches across England and Wales this week.

Untreated waste water was spotted pouring into the sea near Bexhill, East Sussex on Wednesday. On Saturday, the red flags were removed, meaning the water was officially considered safe to bathe in. The beach, however, was nearly deserted.

Rachel Streeter moved to Bexhill in 2007 to enjoy wild swimming and the beach. “Flies actually flew above the surface of the water as well as the waste water. It’s quite horrible,” she said. Rachel says her friends and family have all become sick after swimming. Her 79-year-old mother went for a swim last week and fell ill with “a severe bacterial infection (感染)”.

Businesses say they are being affected by it too. Cliff Meadon, who runs business in the sea, says he has lost “thousands” pounds over the last two years due to water pollution. “We’ve been on the water with groups when we’ve had to come in as the waste comes out,” he said.

In Hastings people were advised not to swim due to a pollution risk this week. Beaches in Normans Bay as well as Bexhill were closed but have now reopened.

Southern Water argued that the water company had not been deliberately (故意的) pouring untreated water into the sea. A spokesperson for the company said, “This week’s heavy rain has fallen onto dry ground that can’t absorb surface run-off, meaning that more rain than usual has entered our waterway networks. This led to some overflows, spilling some untreated water into the sea.”

Southern Water was fined £90 million last year for widespread pollution after sending out more than 6,000 untreated waste water.

1. What warning has the EA given?

A．Holidaymakers not going to certain beaches.

B．A severe bacterial infection breaking out in the UK.

C．Southern Water stopping pouring waste water into the sea.

D．Cliff Meadon stopping running business in the sea.

2. What caused the problem according to the spokesperson for Southern Water?

A．Heavy rainfalls.	B．Too many holidaymakers.
C．Damaged waterway networks.	D．Poor management of water companies.

3. Which of the following serves as the best title?

A．Holidaymakers facing pollution risk

B．Dozens of Britain’s beaches closed to holidaymakers

C．Lots of families pouring untreated waste water into seas

D．Huge increase in untreated waste water entering Britain’s seas

4. In which section of the website are you likely to read the text?

A．Health.

B．Business.

C．Environment.

D．Sports.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A recent research shows that 86% of the world’s rivers have been damaged by human activities. The research     1     (conduct) by experts from a university in Toulouse, France,     2     examined data on over 2,500 rivers around the world.     3     (look) into changes in biodiversity (多样性) over the past 200 years, the scientists discovered that biodiversity in over half of the rivers has been seriously damaged by humans. The researchers said there were many reasons     4     this damage. A big reason is the     5     (introduce) of new species of fish into rivers. Other reasons include pollution, dams, overfishing, farming     6     climate change.

Unsurprisingly, the worst-hit rivers are in western Europe and North America. This is because these regions have large and rich     7     (city) crowded with people. The lead researcher Brosse said: “Rivers which have the most economic development around them, like the Mississippi River, are the most     8     (strong) affected.” The River Thames in London was one of the worst-affected rivers in the study. The least-affected rivers are in Africa and Australia. This is probably due to a     9     (slow) rate of industrialization in Africa and smaller population around rivers in Australia. Brosse added that rivers in many rich nations are unrecognizable compared with how they     10     (be) 200 years ago.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Karakul Lake, which literally means “Black Lake” in the local language, is anything but black. I’ve     1     (personal) witnessed the water changing colors from light purple     2     a glowing blue and it really is spectacular. The lake’s location along the Karakoram Highway near Kashgar makes     3     a wonderfully secluded place     4     very few tourists tend to travel. At the foot of the Muztag Mountain     5     (lie) a small village whose buildings are still made of mud and brick, a great place to buy a hand-made wool carpe t from     6     (local). As always, be prepared to spend the night in a     7     (comfort) yurt (蒙古包). The area     8     (surround) the small Karakul lake isn’t quite as green as the other three lakes, but there is still plenty to do. While every lake offers some sort of horse or camel riding experience, Karakul is one of the few spots where you can completely circumnavigate (环航) the lake in     9     (little) than a few hours on horseback.

It’s also possible     10     (hire) a guide to help you climb the neighboring mountain, but their safety record is 3 deaths in 2008 out of only 300 climbers according to one local.

7 . New Zealand plans to put a price on sheep and cow burps (打嗝) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放). If the plan is passed, New Zealand will become the first country to tax (征税) farmers on each burp of their cattle, since the burps give out methane (甲烷) into the atmosphere.

“There is no question that we need to cut the amount of methane we are putting into the atmosphere, and an effective emissions pricing system for agriculture will play a key part in how we achieve that,” Climate Change Minister James Shaw said.

Animal agriculture is one of the leading causes of global warming. It is reportedly responsible for at least 14.5% of the world’s emissions. Moreover, cows are by far the biggest contributors. This is so because they produce 40% of global methane when they burp, fart (放屁) and produce waste. Also, methane is 80 times more warming than CO₂ although it’s shorter-lived in the atmosphere.

New Zealand, which has a population of five million people, has around 10 million cattle and 26 million sheep. “Almost half the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculture, mainly methane,” the draft plan explained.

The “burp tax” is expected to take effect in 2025. Mr. Shaw wants farming to be more environmentally friendly. He also wants farmers to change the way they farm. He wants them to feed their animals on seaweed instead of grass. This will produce fewer emissions. Mr. Shaw also said farmers can reduce the tax they pay by planting more trees. Another suggestion is for cows to wear special masks.

New Zealand’s farmers support the government. They want to do their bit to help the environment.

1. Why will cattle’s burps be taxed?

A．To raise more money.	B．To feed more cattle.
C．To limit cattle’s price.	D．To better the environment.

2. Which is a fact about New Zealand according to the text?

A．Its cows produce 40% of global methane.

B．Its agriculture affects greenhouse gas emissions.

C．It is responsible for at least 14.5% of the world’s emissions.

D．There is 80 times more methane than CO2.

3. What can farmers do to pay less tax according to Mr. Shaw?

A．Plant more trees.	B．Correct their way to farm.
C．Feed their animals on grass.	D．Wear special masks when farming.

4. Which can be the best title of the text?

A．New Zealand reducing greenhouse gas emissions

B．New Zealand’s greenhouse emissions and animal farming

C．New Zealand introducing a new tax to help the environment

D．New Zealand’s farmers joining in the fight against climate change

8 . 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Hangzhou is a city lying in Zhejiang Province, eastern China.     1     (be) an important southern stop of the Grand Canal that goes to Beijing, the city of Hangzhou is just     2     wonder and must-see scenic place to tourists.

As one of China’s seven ancient     3     (capital), Hangzhou has a history of more than two thousand years. It     4     (describe) by Italian traveler Marco Polo as the finest and most luxurious city in the world. The large number of scenic areas in Hangzhou can satisfy everyone’s     5     (curious). The West Lake scenic area,     6     contains over 60 cultural relic sites and several attractions of natural beauty, is no doubt the most famous. Taking a walk by the lake, you’ll feel the     7     (peace) atmosphere of the city and better understand its time-honored fame as “Heaven on Earth”.

Traveling to Hangzhou is also a chance     8     (experience) the happy and relaxing lifestyles of local people and enjoy delicious Hangzhou’s dishes, like the Beggar’s Chicken, West Lake Fish and Dongpo Pork. At night, the city     9     (have) much to offer. Choosing a tea-house overlooking the West Lake for a pleasant chat over a cup of tea is sure to make you feel     10     (total) relaxed and refreshed.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Three sites in China˗˗an ancient tea-producing area, a nomadic livestock-rearing region and a rain-fed stone terrace farming system˗˗were formally recognised as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), for their unique ways of using traditional practices and knowledge while maintaining unique biodiversity and ecosystems.

An ancient tea-producing area (中国福建安溪铁观音茶文化系统)

Tea production in Anxi, Fujian, is believed to date from the 10th century, with its most famous tea, Tieguanyin, coming into    1     (exist) in the 18th century. It belongs to the Oolong tea category between green tea and black tea. Local farmers’ unique technique includes wisely managing the natural environment to guarantee the production of     2     exceptional quality tea leaf.

A Grassland nomadic system (中国内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统)

The Ar Horqin grassland nomadic system in northern China’s Inner Mongolia region has a variety of ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers with important ecological     3     (function). To adapt     4     the fragile grassland environment, the ancestors of today’s herders (牧民) adopted a typical nomadic lifestyle. By    5     (constant) moving grasslands, they ensured the protection of vegetation (植被) and full use of water resources,    6    (avoid) soil degradation (恶化) and overgrazing and bringing a steady supply of livestock products.

The Shexian Dryland Stone Terraced System (中国河北涉县旱作石堰梯田系统)

The Shexian Dryland Stone Terraced System in Hebei, is a rain-fed agricultural system dating back to the 13th century.     7     (surround) with mountains, the stone terraced fields still play an important role in making     8     possible to farm on the steep slopes. The county is well-known for corn, soybean and other agricultural and forestry products. With this variety of crops and farming techniques, local communities     9    (manage) to guarantee their food security and well-being over hundreds of years, while shaping a remarkable landscape     10     bears witness to their ability to live with their environment.

10 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid     1    (use) to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella(马苏里拉奶酪).

Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland”, is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there     2    (be) a lot of leftover cheese brine.     3    (dispose) of the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do     4     the waste?

Cheese brine has salt in it,     5    , like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.

    6    (normal), towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice     7    (melt). But using cheese brine could help both cheese     8    (produce) and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.

In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter     9    (harm) the environment, because road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U. S roads every year!     10    , by spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.