1 . 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Ten-year-old Sami loved to visit his grandfather's house. The house was near the beautiful blue sea. At the seaside stood thick and tall palm trees with green coconuts hanging from them. When the coconuts fell down, Sami would break them open and drink the coconut water. Sami liked to play under the trees. It was always great fun to spend the holidays at Grandpa's place.

This winter vacation, Sami was surprised when he came to his grandfather's village. There were hardly any trees left. He saw houses built near the sea. People had cut down many palm trees and there was hardly any greenery left.

Grandpa's house was different. He never allowed his trees to be cut. He hugged each palm tree in his courtyard. He also named the two big trees near the front door--one was Petu, and the other Betu. He had planted them with his own hands and today they had become large, massive trees with thick trunks. They were tall and green and gave the sweetest, juiciest coconuts.

One night, Sami was awakened by a strange sound. He could not sleep. He tossed（辗转）and turned in bed.

Suddenly, the ground shook as if the earth was splitting. He sat up straight and then ran to Grandpa. He clung（附 着）to his grandpa tightly. Grandpa cried out, “It's an earthquake! It's an earthquake!" They ran outside the house. They thought that would be safe.

Suddenly, there was a loud sound; the earth was not splitting but the sea was roaring. People were shouting, screaming and crying, “The sea is rising! The sea is rising." The villagers started running away from the beach.

Sami watched dumbstruck（呆若木鸡）.

The waves were rising higher and higher. Sami thought, “How big the waves are!" He went into the house again and saw water coming in from all sides. He was scared.

Sami remembered his mother telling him long ago, “You must always get out of the house if the floods come too near." He ran outside the house with Grandpa. But the water came surging（汹涌） in.

Waves about twelve meters high came rushing in, drowning everything. Water was all around and everywhere.

Paragraph 1：
Grandpa held Sami's hand tightly but a huge wave separated them.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：

“Sami, Sami!” Grandpa cried. “Don't be scared, little one, come to me, quickly.”

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 . Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed to support the planet’s ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet — carbon.

Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,   melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.

As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere. For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way, which causes more warming.

Earth’s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.

1. Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?

A．The atmosphere.	B．The rocks.
C．The acid rain.	D．The upstream areas.

2. Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To show how important to life carbon is.

B．To explain how necessary it is to build dams.

C．To show how a natural process is interrupted.

D．To explain how humans fight global warming.

3. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?

A．We’d better move upstream to live.

B．We should protect plants along rivers.

C．We’d better seek more help from plants.

D．We should be cautious about river management.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．What Humans Do with Rivers

B．How Rivers’ Transporting Carbon Counts

C．What the Carbon Cycle Means to Us

D．How Living Downstream Affects the Earth

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Summer is over, but there’s no reason to be upset as that means autumn is upon us, arguably the     1     (good) season of the year.

Beijing’s autumn is extremely short, so parks around the city fill up fast with people coming to see the season’s sight—a show of changing     2     (color) as the trees turn from dark green to deep red. There are plenty of places in the city center     3     (catch) the golden Gingko leaves, but I’m heading just outside of the Fifth Ring Road to see the season on     4     larger scale.

Despite parks like Xiangshan getting so busy     5     you need tickets a week in advance, there are still areas well-known and     6     _ (frequent) visited by the Beijing crowds, and Baiwangshan, one of such places,     7     (locate) 3km from the Summer Palace to the city’s North West. It offers hiking tails and beautiful views of the city and     8     (surround) forests.

I love coming to Beijing’s parks at this time of year because I can always enjoy     9     (I), bathing in the last of the good weather and golden colors. You never know     10     you’re going to find around every corner.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。

As we head towards midwinter all seems quiet in the garden, but now is the perfect time for     1     (plant) a tree. Are you worrying about not having the space? Are you gardening on concrete? There     2     (be) a simple solution     3     the problems: grow a small tree in a pot. This is often overlooked, so in an effort     4     (change) that, here is a list of the best species for pot growing,     5     will work well in even the tiniest of the city gardens.

The most     6     (common) suggested candidate for this treatment is an olive (橄榄树)—and with good reason. They are evergreen and have character from a young age.

If you want something     7     (usual), I’d give dwarf eucalypus     8     try. Eucalypus kybeannensis is much slower growing than its cousins, creating an airy treetop of fragrant leaves on trees just 5m tall.

Finally, if bright     9     (colour) are more your thing, you can choose Cercis canadensis “Forest Pansy” (加拿大红叶紫荆). It is clothed all summer in rich and heart-shaped leaves with bare branches     10     (decorate) with pink flowers in the spring.

5 . Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Time to Learn How to Sort

Whatever we don’t want ---- no matter whether it’s eggshells, newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it’s all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be     1    wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?

China     2     (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn’t sunk in. Shenzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish     3    specific groups.

“It’s evident that the government is determined to push this forward,” said Zhang Ning, a program officer     4    (serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. “But I’m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments.”

A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage,     5    45.5percent just can’t be bothered to do it. “Lots of citizens     6    (confuse)about what’s recyclable and what’s general waste. For example, it’s scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it’s too moisture-prone and usually too polluted     7     (recycle).” said Zhang, a representative.

According to Zhang, 70 percent of garbage is a“     8    (misplace)resource”. For instance, a ton of waste steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.

But all of this is based on the condition     9    the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households     10    the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.

Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “garbage”, do it in the right way.

6 . Forests are always losers at the Olympics, and that’s unlikely to change anytime soon.

For the winter games in PyeongChang, South Korea, virgin forest was destroyed on Mount Gariwang to accommodate ski runs. For the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, a ski run is set to wipe out part of the Songshan National Nature Reserve. And let’s not forget the 240 acres of Atlantic Forest that were leveled for the 2016 games in Rio de Janeiro to make way for a golf course.

For the upcoming Tokyo games, environmental and human rights advocates have been raising alarms about the use of tropical (热带的) wood to build the New National stadium. Activists have fought against such environmental destruction. The damage is often permanent, threatens endangered plants and animals and in some cases, causes conflicts with native people. But frequently the country’s organizing committee, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have found ways to make it reasonable — despite a paragraph in the Olympic Charter (宪章) that states that the IOC’s role is to “encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues”.

“As it stands now, the IOC has little authority over a city’s local organizing committee, which finally plans the event, ” Chappelet, professor of public management at the University of Lausanne, told Earther. “Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games, they have no built-in systems to watch them so that they strictly follow the Olympic Charter.” The only thing they can do if they’re not happy is to withdraw (= take back) the right to organize the game. “But the IOC could include more enforcement (执行) systems into the contract they make with the host city,” he added. That contract must be signed and obeyed by everyone and those who break it must be fined.

Boykoff, the author of several books on the Olympics, suggested a similar solution. “The IOC could insist that host cities take their ecological (生态的) promises into account first, but instead they look the other way, time and time again,” he said.

1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．Popularity of the Olympics.	B．Different needs of the Olympics.
C．Importance of protecting forests.	D．Problems caused by the Olympics.

2. The IOC is expected to ______ according to the Olympic Charter.

A．lead the fight against destruction

B．withdraw the rights of host cities

C．ban the destruction of the environment

D．promote a responsible concern for the environment

3. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A．the IOC	B．built-in systems
C．host cities	D．the games

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．IOC Stresses Its Active Role	B．Prized Forests Lost Big
C．Perfect Solutions are found	D．Conflicts Arise at the Olympics

7 . Bees seem to fly aimlessly as they search for the sugary liquid called nectar (花蜜). But their flight plans actually do have a pattern. Flowers act as the insects’ air-traffic controllers. And new research shows bees prefer flowers that aren’t too flashy.

Flowers give bees clues about how much a plant can offer. Those clues can be in the color of petals, in the type, in the smell or even in the electrical charge. All of these characteristics send signals to the bees, telling them whether to land or not, among which the colors play the most significant role. The insects keep track of the color of the flowers that are especially rich in nectar. They then visit more flowers of that color.

However, color can’t guarantee bees a good meal. It may change depending on the angle at which sunlight hits its petals. A yellow follower, for example, may look somewhat blue from one angle and red from another. Beverley Glover studies plants at the University of Cambridge in England. Glover and her colleagues showed that even when the color of petals looks similar, bees behave differently in searching for nectar. They started to guess that the strength of petals’ indescence (色彩斑斓) might be related to how bees find the petals.

Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab. In their experiment, they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had no problem finding the flowers with more nectar when the petals were not very iridescent. The team shared its new findings in the March 21 Current Biology.

“At first glance, it’s very surprising because animals can usually detect a more vivid signal more easily,” says Klaus Lunau, a biologist in Germany, who was not involved in the study.

1. What can we know about the flight of bees?

A．They usually fly in a regular pattern.

B．They fly under the direction of flowers.

C．They usually fly without any purpose.

D．They fly to some very flashy flowers.

2. What is the most important clue for bees to search for nectar?

A．The petals’ type.	B．The followers’ smell.
C．The followers’ electrical charge.	D．The petals’ color.

3. What does the underlined word “hypothesis” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Discussion.	B．Method.
C．Assumption.	D．Invention

4. What is the new finding of the team?

A．Petals that are not very flashy are better for bees to make adjustments.

B．Petals of different color usually give different signals.

C．Petals that are vivid are detected by bees more easily.

D．Petals of different types make bees confused to find the right flower.

8 . Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?     1    , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.     2    , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

    3    . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.     4    . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.     5    .

A．While all of them are useful

B．Whatever you’re looking for

C．If you’re experimenting with a color

D．Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E．It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

9 . We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

1. What does the author think of new devices?

A．They are environment-friendly.	B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.	D．They go out of style quickly.

2. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?

A．To reduce the cost of minerals.

B．To test the life cycle of a product.

C．To update consumers on new technology.

D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

3. Which of the following uses the least energy?

A．The box-set TV.	B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV.	D．The desktop computer.

4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

A．Stop using them.	B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them.	D．Recycle them.

10 . Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration: 3 hours

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.

Duration: 3 hours

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours (7miles)

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

1. Which tour do you need to book in advance?

A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.

D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.

2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

A．Meet famous people.	B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums.	D．Enjoy interesting stories.

3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

A．City maps.	B．Cameras.
C．Meals.	D．Safety lights.