1 . 假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Peter看见了中国某地发生特大洪水的新闻,给你写邮件询问政府和人民是如何应对自然灾害的。请你用英语给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
1.政府组织救援及医护人员救灾,并及时运送救援物资；
2.人民群众自发捐款捐物。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数；
3.请在相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,

I’m grateful because you’re concerned about the flood in China.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

That is how we face natural disasters as a big family.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

2 . A huge section of the Milne Ice Shelf, located on Ellesmere Island in the northern Canada, collapsed into the Arctic Ocean, according to the Canadian Ice Service. This created an “ice island” which is about 30 square miles in size. As a comparison, Manhattan Island is about 23 square miles.

“Entire cities are that size. These are big pieces of ice,” Luke Copland, a glaciologist at the University of Ottawa who was part of the research team studying the ice shelf, told Reuters. “This was the largest remaining intact (完整的) ice shelf, and it’s collapsed, basically. ”

The Canadian Ice Service said on Twitter that “above-normal air temperatures, offshore winds and open water in front of the ice shelf are all part of the recipe for the ice shelf to break up.” A huge section of the Milne Ice Shelf has collapsed into the Arctic Ocean, producing a 30-square-mile ice island.

The ice shelf has now been reduced in area by about 43%. An ice shelf is a thick slab of ice, attached to a coastline and extending out over the ocean, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. “Some shelves have existed for thousands of years,” the center said.

So what’s going on up there? Though the planet is warming worldwide due to climate change, the Arctic has been warming at a rate twice that of the rest of the world. This summer has been particularly warm: Arctic sea ice melted to its lowest July level on record and in June, a town in Siberia soared (急升) to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, believed to be a record high for the Arctic.

“When I first visited those ice caps, they seemed like such a permanent fixture of the landscape,” Mark Serreze, director of the NSIDC and geographer at the University of Colorado, Boulder, said in a statement. “To watch them die in less than 40 years just blows me away.”

1. Why does the author mention Manhattan Island in Paragraph 1?

A．To stress that Manhattan Island is vital for Canada.

B．To introduce where Manhattan Island locates.

C．To say the great collapse is terrible.

D．To compare two different places.

2. What’s one reason that made the ice shelf collapse?

A．Its location.

B．Its huge body.

C．Special intact form.

D．Higher air temperatures.

3. What do we know from Paragraph 5?

A．Arctic sea ice melted to its lowest in June.

B．Climate change brings about great changes.

C．The earth is warming because of the loss of ice shelf.

D．The Arctic warms more slowly than the rest of the world.

4. What is Mark Serreze’s attitude to the collapse?

A．Shocked.	B．Humorous.
C．Scientific.	D．Neutral.

3 . My kitchen may be the best kitchen on the planet. That is because when I look out of its window can see the west side of Grandeur Peak. Grandeur Peak is one of the most attractive mountains in central Wasatch, with its animals, trees, morning clouds, evening sunset, and the mountain’s paragliders (滑翔伞运动员).

The number of paragliders flying above Grandeur Peak has grown over the past 15 years, so much so that they have become part of the mountain. But during the past year they have largely disappeared. Some paragliders told me that the wind became too strong to fly in. The wind is too strong! Is this another character of our changing climate (气候)? Will paragliding be a sport affected by a warming planet? Utah has been much windier in the past few years. For me, a scientist who studies living things, it is easy to believe that our future will be windier. This year it’s getting super-hot, and the planet is warming faster than scientists expected. I can’t help but worry that the future of paragliding in Utah is not bright.

I’m writing to the brave people who fly from Grandeur Peak with beautiful wings. I want you to join Clean The Dam Air, a group that’ s working hard to fight climate change and air pollution — I’m part of it too. We are introducing a measure, which aims to remove the state sales tax (税) on grocery store food and put a carbon tax on fossil fuels (化石燃料) in its place: gas, electricity produced from fossil fuels, and natural gas. The goal isn’t to make taxes higher. The idea is to encourage everyone to reduce their use of fossil fuels. So, paragliders, join us. Now is the time to take care of our planet. If we succeed, then Utah can be an example to others in fighting climate change.

1. Why does the author mention his kitchen?

A．To share his love of cooking dishes.

B．To bring back his memories of paragliding.

C．To introduce Grandeur Peak’s paragliding.

D．To describe his adventures around Grandeur Peak.

2. What happened in the past year?

A．The author saw less paragliding.	B．Few people visited Grandeur Peak.
C．Air pollution became serious in Utah.	D．Strong winds stopped people going outside.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of paragliding in Utah?

A．Uncaring.

B．Supportive.

C．Positive.

D．Worried.

4. What did the author call on paragliders to do?

A．Buy those foods that are taxed less.

B．Reduce flying with wings in Grandeur Peak.

C．Join him to support a program about taxing.

D．Join a group to improve their paragliding skills.

4 . Malin Pinsky had the first of two lightbulb moments in 2003 while crossing Drake Passage. He was then standing on the bridge of a research ship and was scanning the sky for seabirds, which was one of his duties as a research technician on the cruise (海上航游). Just five months earlier he had finished college, where he studied biology and environmental science.

As the ship entered nutrient-rich Antarctic waters, whales suddenly showed up all around the ship. That moment on the bridge helped him realize that the ocean looks featureless from the top, but there’s so much going on underneath.

The second lightbulb moment hit him several months later. Pinsky was then an intern (实习生) in Washington, D.C. His job was making photocopies. It was around the time when two big reports had come out. Both focused on what policies might best preserve U.S. ocean resources. “I realized we have all these laws and policies that determine how we as a society interact with the ocean. But they’re far out of date. We don’t yet have the science to know what the new policy should be,” Pinsky said.

Today he runs a lab with about 20 workers. His team wants to seek how our changing climate, as well as overfishing and habitat destruction, might be driving changes in fish and other animals in the sea. To find out, team members travel each year to coral reefs near the Philippines. There, they carefully catalog populations of different fish. They collect data on the growth and mating of these fish, their diversity and other factors.

“Pinsky’s broad approach to the problem — looking at species, where they live and how fisheries are managed — is setting the pace for other scientists,” says Kimberly Oremus, a fishery economist at the University of Delaware in Newark. “Pinsky is pushing the whole field to respond to his growing body of research.”

1. What made Pinsky have the first lightbulb moment?

A．The vastness of the ocean.

B．The sight of seabirds in the sky.

C．The view of Drake Passage.

D．The appearance of whales around the ship.

2. What did Pinsky realize when he was an intern in Washington, D.C.?

A．He needed to take more photos of oceans.

B．He should do something to update ocean policies.

C．The U.S. ocean resources need to be better preserved.

D．There have already been perfect policies to preserve the ocean.

3. What does Pinsky’s team focus on?

A．The harm of overfishing.

B．Features of different fish.

C．Factors affecting ocean ecosystems.

D．The reasons for global warming.

4. What’s Kimberly Oremus’ attitude towards Pinsky’s research?

A．Positive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Disapproving.

D．Uninterested.

5 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号中单词的正确形式。

Hangzhou, located in the north of Zhejiang province, is one of the seven ancient     1     (capital) of China. As a core city of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou     2     (be)one of the most prosperous cities in China for more than 1, 000 years, and is home     3     a lot of natural attractions.

The West Lake is definitely a place people can never miss when visiting Hangzhou. The lake itself cowers 6 square kilometres, and some of Hangzhou’s most famous scenic places     4     (include). You can just walk along the Nanshan and Beishan roads, take a ferry on the boat to the islands on the lake,     5     simply sit in a lakeside teahouse.

Hefang Street is where you can experience how Hangzhou     6     (look) when it was the capital of China. The emperors’ palace was once located on the street,     7     (make) it the economic and political center of the city. Most of the shops there have     8     history of more than 100 years.

The Xixi wetland is not only China’s first national wetland park, but also a natural haven from the busy city life,     9     is listed as a cultural treasure.

As UNESCO says on its     10     (office) website, “With its famous natural beauty and cultural heritage, Hangzhou has already become one of the most important tourist venues in China.”

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Puppies that mainly eat dog food are more likely to have problems with their gut (下消化道) health in later life compared with those     1     (give) a diet of leftovers or raw meat.

Anna Hielm-Björkman at     2     University of Helsinki, Finland, and her colleagues surveyed more than 7000 dog owners in Finland about     3     they fed their pets between 2009 and 2019.

The researchers surveyed each dog owner multiple times in this period and also asked them whether their dog     4     (experience) any gastrointestinal problems that lasted three weeks or more-also known as chronic enteropathy (CE).

The team wanted to determine the effect that a dog’s diet at an early age had     5     its gut health in adulthood. According to Hielm-Björkman, dog diets in Finland can largely be split into three categories: dog food, their     6     (owner) cooked leftovers and non-processed food such as raw meat, fish and berries.

The researchers found that 22 per cent of dogs developed CE in adulthood,     7     (typical) at age one and a half.

Their diet as a puppy, aged between 2 months and 6 months,     8     (find) to correlate strongly with whether it developed CE in later life or not. Those that were mostly fed dog food were 29 per cent more likely to develop the condition compared with dogs mostly     9     (eat) raw foods. However, this type of study can’t establish whether the dogs’ diets were responsible for the     10     (high) rates of illness.

7 . A solar tree is a structure like a tree that generates solar energy using photovoltaic panels (太阳能光伏板). It helps solve an urgent global challenge: Replacing greenhouse gas-emitting energy sources like oil and gas with renewable energy. But the power generation potential of solar trees is relatively limited, and their primary purpose is to raise public awareness about renewable energy by getting people to notice and interact with solar energy in new ways.

Solar trees generally have a firm metal, plastic, or stone base that extends up and out into “branches” on which solar panels are mounted. Beyond this basic structure, there is great diversity in the design of solar tree units. The solar tree’s photovoltaic “leaves” absorb sunlight, converting it into electricity that is conducted down through the trunk-like central pillar of the structure to an inside battery. Many designs feature rotating (旋转的) panels that can move throughout the day in order to obtain the greatest amount of sunlight.

Solar trees help power homes, businesses, and public services. They can create shade to help reduce the urban heat island effect and provide shelter in severe weather such as rainstorms and heatwaves, creating greater urban adapting ability in the face of climate change. They also enhance public spaces, providing charging stations, and powering streetlights.

In comparison to other kinds of ground-mounted solar panel devices, solar trees don’t require much land. They make solar energy generation possible in areas with little land that can’t support vast solar arrays, as well as places that lack sufficient rooftop space for panels. However, solar panels are much cheaper than solar trees at present and have far greater energy generation capacity. Therefore, present solar tree designs often serve as a extra source rather than as a primary energy source.

At present, solar trees aren’t designed as large-scale solar projects, which limits their ability to contribute to the low-carbon energy transition. Still, their varied designs are appealing. This makes solar trees effective at displaying and thereby educating people about solar energy, and promoting a business or organization’s commitment to renewable energy.

1. What is the main purpose of building solar trees?

A．To beautify the urban environment.	B．To draw public attention to solar energy.
C．To replace non-renewable energy resources.	D．To provide charging services in emergencies.

2. What do we know about a solar tree?

A．It stores energy in its own battery.

B．It can adjust its height automatically.

C．It is made of environmentally friendly materials.

D．It transforms sunlight into electricity by its metal base.

3. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The design features of solar trees.	B．The ways of saving energy in cities.
C．The benefits of solar trees to humans.	D．The difficulties of promoting solar trees.

4. What is the advantage of solar trees over other ground-mounted solar panel devices?

A．They occupy much less land.	B．They are cheaper to manufacture.
C．They are more effective in generating energy.	D．They can work in various weather conditions.

8 . A new form of real estate(不动产)is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast-tiny white beach huts. With good ventilation and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed.

African penguins, unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice, live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover-both for themselves and their fragile eggs.

Historically, the penguins dug burrows in layers of guano-accumulated seabird and bat feces- that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano(鸟粪)as fertilizer, leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to predators and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. In 2019, they were thought to be less than 20,000 breeding pairs, down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in 1900.For more than a decade, the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN.

To date, the African Penguin Nest Project has installed more than 1,500 nests across five of South Africa’s penguin colonies, and plans to expand into Namibia next year, the only other country with breeding populations of the species.

“This is still just a drop in the bucket,” says Graham, who anticipates they will need to deploy at least 4,500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas. “The goal is that every penguin that needs a nest will get one.”

1. What is the reason for building the beach huts?

A．To beautify the beach.	B．To conduct research.
C．To house the penguins.	D．To balance the ecology.

2. How many factors have affected the penguin populations according to the text?

A．Four.

B．Five.

C．Six.

D．Seven.

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 4?

A．Innovate.

B．Increase.

C．Swing.

D．Decline.

4. Which column may the text appear in a newspaper?

A．Culture.

B．Environment.

C．Technology.

D．Art.

9 . Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious.

The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown.

Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago.

Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing.

The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands.

1. What did Sibert and Rubin find?

A．The negative impact of the extinction of sharks.

B．The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks.

C．The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem.

D．The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago.

2. How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study?

A．By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide.

B．By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks.

C．By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks.

D．By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities.

3. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?

A．Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity.

B．The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level.

C．Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction.

D．Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Sharks: The Stories behind Them	B．Sharks: The Marine Masters
C．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood?	D．Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

What you need to know about the sandstorm in Beijing

A: sandstorm swept across Beijing and several northern areas in China on Monday.Where did the sandstorm come from? How long will it last? Lets take     1     look.

Q: Where did the sandstorm come from?

A: The sandstorm originated in the Gobi Desert areas of Mongolia. Strong winds picked up the sand and dust,     2     were then transported southward and eastward at high altitudes and eventually settled in downstream (顺流的) are as such as Beijing,    3     (result) in the sandstorm.

Q: When will the dusty weather     4     (weak)? Should we expect more sandstorms this week?

A: According to the National Meteorological Center, the sandstorm     5     (moderate) starting from next Tuesday.

Q: Why are sandstorms in North China so frequent this year?

A: There are multiple     6     (reason).The cold air activity has remained active in March     7     April. Mongolian cyclones (旋风) and cold fronts (冷锋) have transported sand and dust from the sand source areas downstream to even more southern and farther areas.

Q: Is a yellowish sky always an indicator of a sandstorm?

A: Not exactly. Only when the sandy and dusty weather reaches a certain     8     (intense) can it be called a sandstorm.

Q: What precautions to take in dusty weather?

A: Stay indoors as much as possible, and keep windows and doors closed. Use air purifiers, sprinkle water, use humidifiers, and mop the floor with a wet cloth     9     (remove) dust.Wear masks when going outdoors, and clean your face and nose when returning home; When driving, reduce speed, turn on headlights, and drive     10     caution.