1 . Bottle gardens are loved by many people. What’s a bottle garden? A bottle garden is exactly what it sounds like: a tiny garden planted in an object like a bottle._
By following some tips, you’ll have your bottle garden planted and thriving (茁壮成长) in no time. The first step in creating a bottle garden is selecting (挑选) the bottle. Clear bottles can allow the most sunlight to enter.
Then you should keep in mind that bottles with openings big enough to fit your hand through can make planting easier.
When the bottle is ready, put inside some rich soil and plants suitable for a bottle garden. Once you grow the plants in the way you like, remember to place your bottle in a bright space which won’t have direct sunlight. East-facing windows often work well for this purpose.
A.How do the bottle gardens work? |
B.Such gardens don’t have a very long history. |
C.They make thoughtful and eco-friendly gifts. |
D.Why would anyone want to grow a garden in a bottle? |
E.If you choose a colored bottle, select plants that prefer low levels of light. |
F.If not, you’ll have to use tools to work the soil and plants inside the bottle. |
G.You can also use a grow light if your home doesn’t have any suitable windows. |
2 . How to Care for Indoor Plants
If you’ve ever had an indoor plant that’s quickly withered (枯萎), you might believe that you don’t have a green thumb or you’re not cut out for growing plants.
Stick your finger in the soil to determine how wet it is below the surface. If you put your finger into the soil up to your joint, you can feel if your plant needs more water. If the soil feels damp, then you don’t need to water it.
Use water that is at room temperature. 68F or 20C is the best temperature to keep the water that you’re using to water your plants.
Use a hand-held moisture (水分) meter to ensure water levels in your soil.
A.Keep potting soil moist, but not wet. |
B.Indoor plants are not necessarily good for us. |
C.Well, we’re here to tell you that’s not the case. |
D.Test whether your finger is long enough to put into the soil. |
E.You can use a thermometer to determine the temperature of the water. |
F.Over-watering can lead to rotting of the root which you need to fix. |
G.Moisture meters are the most accurate way to determine how hydrated your plants are. |
3 . Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “
A.All plants are different |
B.Not only do they look beautiful |
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors |
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer |
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best |
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help |
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding |
4 . Both humans and animals possess the ability to cry out for help when endangered or threatened. Plants, as it turns out, can too.
“We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound,” researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings, published in the scientific journal Cell. “While undetectable to the human ear, the sounds emitted by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects.”
Stressors like dehydration (脱水) and damage to leaves gave rise to the plants’ high-pitched (尖声的) cries, which ranged from 20 to 250 kHz. The bigger the danger, the more frequent a plant’s signals. “Unstressed plants emitted less than one sound per hour, on average,” researcher Lilach Hadany said, “while the stressed plants — both dehydrated and injured — emitted dozens of sounds every hour.”
To catch these sounds, Hadany’s team surrounded tomato and tobacco plants with super-sensitive microphones. They then fed the data into an artificial intelligence program that could tell the difference between the species of plant and the types of sounds produced.
“Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds, and that these sounds contain information,” Hadany wrote. She added that to translate that information, we just need the “right tools such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering.” Doing so, researchers noted, may allow farmers to judge exactly when and where to water crops. Saving water, increasing harvests, and lowering stress for both plant and humankind.
1. What did researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel find?A.Creatures tend to cry out for help when in danger. |
B.Plants can give off sounds when they are stressed. |
C.Plant sounds can be heard by both animals and humans. |
D.Plants make the same sound whatever type of stress they have. |
A.The influence of stress on plants. |
B.The urgency of relieving stress of plants. |
C.The possibility of plants emitting sounds. |
D.The importance of conducting the research. |
A.To help get rid of plant stress. |
B.To identify the types of stress. |
C.To collect sounds emitted by plants. |
D.To analyze the collected sounds of plants. |
A.The research is of practical value. |
B.It’s difficult to understand plant sounds. |
C.Further research is needed in the future. |
D.It’s as easy as pie for farmers to grow crops. |
5 . Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring(后代).
Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.”
Because plants don’t have neural(神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular(细胞的),molecular(分子的),and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory(体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli.
These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.
Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence(序列),”he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.”
1. What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons?A.They have shortened their flowering time. |
B.They have got more chances to reproduce. |
C.They have avoided flowering in cold seasons. |
D.They have adjusted their environmental clock. |
A.It is entirely based on neural networks. |
B.It can help the plants’ offspring to survive. |
C.It can help relieve environmental stresses. |
D.It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks. |
A.Adjusting. | B.Treasuring. |
C.Recording. | D.Sharing. |
A.Plants are smart about flowering time |
B.Plants can also adapt to climate change |
C.Environmental stresses challenge plants |
D.Mysteries of plant genes are to be unfolded |