3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time.

First, due     1     the greenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic are in danger of     2     (extinct). Besides, with global warming becoming worse, life in other parts of the ocean has also been     3     (constant) affected, including whales.

Secondly, whaling activity is another killer. Historically, whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway.     4     (regard) whales as a money-making machine is the reason why some people’s whaling can’t     5     (stop) easily. A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $ 100 in Japan. Besides, advanced technology has increased the efficiency of whaling and gradually reduced the number of whales. What’s more, some countries are still on whaling in     6     name of science.

The fact     7     whales have become endangered animals is alarming us. Some     8    (organization) have realized the importance of saving them and have begun working hard to do something for them. The international community     9    (make) a strategy against commercial whaling. In my opinion, governments should also make laws     10    (protect) whales.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you know zero waste lifestyle? It     1     (establish) by Bea Johnson. She was born in France and moved to California later. Her family used to live the traditional United States lifestyle, with a big house,     2     (fill) refrigerators, and a huge amount of trash each week. Bea Johnson soon realized the fact that there are too many things in our lives that are not the things we need. They finally become garbage and pollute the environment as well.

Bea Johnson was brave enough to take     3     (step) to change this. Since 2008, Bea     4     (manage) to change her family’s life by reducing their waste to a jar of trash every year. This may sound unbelievable,     5     Bea has made it happen.

As the founder of zero waste lifestyle, Bea Johnson started a     6     (globe) movement and continues to inspire the community with her blog. The zero waste lifestyle that Bea pioneered (开创) is worth     7     (try).

Whatever opinions you have     8     the environment, perhaps you will be interested to learn about these changes, which will increase your     9     (happy) without doubt. From now on, follow Bea Johnson’s example and change your former lifestyle. Let’s live the zero waste life together. It is just everyone’s small action     10     makes a great difference to the world.

5 . There was a time when a trip to the supermarket in the United States often ended with a seemingly simple question from the cashier, "Paper or plastic？"Well, which type of bag would you choose？

While both types of bags have some influence on the environment, it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder. They are made from a renewable source, are broken down easily, burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled. However, the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of plastic ones. How can this be true？

Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production.

And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very serious. It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags, which happen to be the number of bags used in the United States yearly. In terms of recycling, the idea that paper bags are more environment friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does to recycle paper.

Even though paper bags might be more harmful than plastic ones, plastic still seems to be considered as the more harmful of the two by governments. In Ireland, for example, a tax has been introduced to discourage the use of plastic bags. People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has dropped quickly.

There’s no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags. However, we don’t seem to be doing that at present. That may be because they fall apart quickly. If so, cloth bags are a better choice, but still, their production also has a bad influence on the environment. So what to do? How should we answer the question of “Paper or plastic?” It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question: “What can I do to help the environment?”

1. The question at the end of Paragraph 1 is used to ________.

A．introduce points for discussion

B．tell readers how to save money

C．express the author's doubts

D．show the kindness of the cashier

2. Compared with plastic bags, paper bags ________.

A．take more time to break down

B．require less energy to recycle

C．need more water to produce

D．have less influence on forests

3. The underlined word “discarded” in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".

A．share	B．put forward
C．discuss	D．give up

4. Which question does the author probably hope the cashier ask?

A．Paper or cloth?

B．A new bag or your own one?

C．A small bag or big one?

D．Paper or plastic？

6 . Cities need to put efforts to deal with pollution and clear the air.
Chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2015，according to the latest plan released by the State Council.
Besides the existing pollution control program for CO₂，regional emission caps(区域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas—the Yangtze River Delta，Pearl River Delta and the Beijing­-Tianjin­- Hebei region. Coal­-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas，according to the plan.
The plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollution—such as acid rain and smog—which have become increasingly obvious in China in recent years and caused a severe threat to people’s health，Zhang Lijun，vice­minister of environmental protection，said in an interview on Monday.
The air quality in a city affects the areas nearby because pollutants can travel in the sky，said Chai Fahe，vice-­director of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.
“So efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city，targeting a certain pollutant(污染物) will not be enough，” Chai said.
Zhang said the country’s major industrial districts—the Yangtze River Delta，Pearl River Delta and the Beijing­-Tianjin-­Hebei region—have recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.
These three regions，home to at least 200 million people，occupy only 6.3 percent of the country’s area but consume 40 percent of the country’s coal and produce half of its steel，according to official figures.
Studies also show that the visibility(能见度) in eastern regions of China has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s，as a result of air pollution.
Liaoning province，the Shandong Peninsula，Wuhan in Hubei province and its surrounding area，the Changsha­-Zhuzhou­-Xiangtan region in Hunan province，the Chengdu­-Chongqing region，and the western coast of the Taiwan Straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs，according to the plan.
The new plan also requires an improved air quality system，which will measure the pollution levels. “The current system，which only measures some major pollutants，cannot reflect the_truepicture.” said Chai.
1. It will not be enough to reduce air pollution in a single city because ________.

A．air pollution has been becoming more and more serious in recent years

B．air pollution like acid rain and smog is threatening people’s health

C．air pollutants in a city can travel in the sky and affect nearby areas

D．air pollutants stay in fixed places over the cities

2. Suppose the visibility in eastern regions of China was 130 km in the early 1960s，the visibility there nowadays is ________.

A．123 to 115 km	B．137 to 145 km
C．123 to 145 km	D．115 to 137 km

3. The main purpose of the passage is ________.

A．to inform readers of the damage caused by air pollution

B．to introduce the new plan to control air pollution

C．to provide official figures of air pollution levels

D．to point out the regions affected by air pollution

4. What does the underlined phrase “the true picture” in the last paragraph mean?

A．The major pollutants.

B．The key polluted areas.

C．The major polluted cities.

D．The pollution levels.