1 . When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow, which is considered to be the last really clean place     1    (leave) on Earth. Yet plastic trash has now reached the remote regions of the Arctic and the Alps. A team of     2    (scientist) has discovered large quantities of microplastics(微塑料) — very small pieces of plastic waste — in the Arctic snow. While microplastics have been found in sea-water, drinking water, and even in animals over     3     past several years, this is the first study to show microplastics in snow,     4     indicates it is an airborne pollutant that must be paid attention to. 

The researchers state that microplastics in snow suggest that microplastics may be in the air that we     5    (breath). Therefore, it is really important     6    (assess) if microplastics also reach lung tissues.

Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans,     7    (damage) ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, when we wash clothes     8     plastic fibers. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they     9    (eat) by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re     10    (probable) eating the plastic as well.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists found that air pollution may cause a big reduction in intelligence. Research     1    (conduct) in China showed that air pollution was responsible     2     big falls in test scores for languages and arithmetic. The study is called, "The influence of exposure to air pollution on cognitive(认知) performance". It     3    (publish) in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" journal. The study took place over four years. Researchers analyzed speaking     4     arithmetic tests taken by 20,000 people of all     5    (age). They said: "Polluted air may prevent cognitive ability as people become older."

The study is a     6    (warn) to the rest of the world,     7    (especial) those in cities. Over 91 per cent of the world population live in areas with poisonous air and air pollution is     8     fourth highest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that the longer people were exposed to polluted air, the     9    (great) their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year's worth of lost education. For those aged over 60, this could be several years. A researcher warned: "There is no shortcut(捷径) to solve this problem. Governments really need to take measures     10    (reduce) air pollution."

4 . 海洋与我们的生活密切相关，没有海洋就没有人类。那么，我们应该如何保护海洋呢？请你根据以下要点，给你校的英语刊物写一篇短文，引起同学们对保护海洋的重视。
1．减少塑料的使用；       2．保持海滩和水路干净；     3．向更多人宣传海洋保护   
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：水路waterway
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5 . “Plogging” is a new fitness trend (趋势). It is a combination of “jogging” and the Swedish phrase “plocka upp”, meaning “pick up”. It encourages people to stop while out on jogs to pick up litter.     1    .

Started in Sweden around 2016, plogging is now going global.     2    To advocate plogging, Swedish fitness app Lifesum allows people to record their plogging lime and track their plogging activity as part of the workout choices. According to the app, a typical user will bum 288 calories in 30 minutes of plogging, which is more or less the same as what’s burned off while jogging.

Like other fitness trends, there are plenty of plogging pictures and videos online.     3     Ploggers take plastic bags along with them so they can store the collected litter they find along their route (路线). Many ploggers are surprised to see just how much trash is in parks and along running trails. They even show off their bags of trash online.

Plogging is a great way to encourage people to make a difference in their local environment.     4    All you need for it is a bag for trash and it empowers everyone to help create cleaner, greener and more beautiful communities.

    5     Anyone can do it. You can do it by yourself, with n friend or even in a large group. And it is a challenge you can truly feel good about. Why not give it a go?

A．They clearly show what this trend looks like.

B．Plogging is suitable for all ages and fitness levels.

C．If you’re not a runner, biking or walking works too.

D．It is appealing because it is simple and meaningful.

E．More and more runners are turning their jogs into plogs.

F．So it adds the idea of environmental protection to the sport.

G．Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to connect sports with a good cause.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There is a strong evidence that the rise in temperature has led to     1     increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only     2    (cause) serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take actions     3    (appropriate), this warming trend will continue and there will be a much     4    (high) price to pay. In fact, people frequently hear news reports broadcast on the media about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves.

8 . Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn't new at all --- in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.

The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier's ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.

Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.

Arrhenius found that CO₂, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.

While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect – still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.

1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The atmosphere.

B．The greenhouse effect.

C．The climate change.

D．The heat from the sun.

2. When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?

A．In 1903.

B．In 1950.

C．200 years ago.

D．By the end of 1950s.

3. What's the author's attitude towards Arrhenius' wish?

A．Positive.

B．Indifferent.

C．Supportive.

D．Opposed.

4. What’s the main idea of the text?

A．Causes of climate change.

B．Effects of greenhouse gases.

C．Explorations on climate change.

D．Findings about global warming.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

At 8,844.43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is     1     (tall) mountain on Earth. While     2     is famous for its challenging hike, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: garbage. Every year, thousands of     3     (visit) throw away tons of trash, including soda cans (罐) and plastic bags.

According to the UN, over 140 tons of trash have been left on the mountain. To reduce trash, China is limiting the number of people     4     can climb the mountain’s north side. Only 300 people will     5     (allow) to climb it each year, and only during spring.

Local residents cleaned the mountain last year,     6     (remove) trash at a height of 5,200 meters. They     7     (collect) about 8.4 metric tons of trash, according to figures from the Tibet autonomous region’s government (西藏自治区人民政府).

This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan       8    a new clean-up campaign, setting up stations to sort, recycle and break down garbage collected from the mountain.

In addition to trash, workers will also collect the bodies of     9     (die)   climbers. As of the 2019 climbing season, more than 300 people have died on Qomolangma, with 12 deaths this year.

A group of artists will try to turn some trash into artwork. They will show these works     10     (local), to remind people not to leave trash when climbing the mountain.