1 . 假定你是李华，你正主持英语角活动。活动中大家以“外卖食品是否应该进校园”展开讨论。关于该问题有人赞同，有人反对，请你总结大家赞同和反对的原因，并提出自己的观点。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：takeout food 外卖食品
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2 . Not that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year, wind, solar and hydro generated a record 35% of Germany's power.

Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030. 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America’s most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century and so have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.

But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate the whole country’s electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world’s total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Car manufacturers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation (航室) are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.

Most importantly, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions (净排放量) of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. New technologies, such as “direct air capture” systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.

1. Why is Germany mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To introduce the topic.

B．To provide a successful example of producing clean energy.

C．To compare with the USA.

D．To prove the possibility of the 100% renewables target.

2. What picture is described at the beginning of the passage?

A．A tough fight against climate change.	B．A huge market of electric vehicles.
C．A promising future of clean energy.	D．A fierce competition between countries.

3. Why is every target not realistic according to Paragraph 3?

A．Car makers cannot produce enough batteries.

B．New energy doesn’t receive its due attention in every aspect of society.

C．Use of traditional energies causes air pollution.

D．We are lacking in enough wind and solar energy to generate electricity.

4. Which of the following does the writer probably agree with?

A．Energy efficiency is superior to using renewables.

B．People can only use new energy in reality.

C．Mixing up means with purposes matters most.

D．The target of 100 renewables is too high to reach.

3 . In an effort to create more environmentally friendly vacations, Norwegian cruise operator (挪威邮轮公司) Hurtigruten is making a plan to power its ships using dead fish. This doesn’t mean that Norwegian cruise liners will be doubling as fishing ships; the dead fish will come from Norway’s good fishing industry, not as any sort of by-product of the cruise industry. But it s a plan that promises to make use of the leftovers and offcuts of the fishing industry to make shipping less wasteful.

So how do dead fish get transformed into fuel? Organic waste of any kind can be mixed to produce a type of fuel known as biogas (沼气). If it sounds smelly, well…it is, and not just because of the dead fish. Biogas can also have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide, a chemical compound, which can give it a bad egg smell. It’s not a particularly attractive process, but don’ t worry: those smells won’t be given off from your cruise ship’s exhaust. The raw materials in the biogas can be cleaned, which creates liquid biogas.

What others see as a problem, we see as a resource and a solution, said Daniel Skjeldam Hurtigruten chief executive. “By introducing biogas as fuel for cruise ships, Hurtigruten will be the first cruise company to power ships with fossil-free (无化石的) fuel”

Biogas is certainly cleaner than heavy oil, but it’s not exactly carbon-free. So while the plan might be a creative way of making use of organic waste, as well as helping to get rid of fossil fuels, it’s not a perfect solution. However, it’s at least a step in a better direction. And the company will also be stopping single-use plastics on its 17 cruise ships. It’s good to see change happening in a dirty industry.

1. What kind of dead fish will be used in the plan?

A．Those from tourists.

B．Those from restaurants.

C．Those from the cruise industry.

D．Those from the fishing industry.

2. What is the limitation of the plan?

A．Biogas is smellier than heavy oil.

B．The making of biogas isn’t cost-saving

C．Biogas burning produces chemicals containing carbon.

D．The raw materials are not enough to cover the needs.

3. What does the author think of Hurtigruten’s plan?

A．It is all talk.

B．It will be of some help.

C．It is daring.

D．It will cause a debate.

4. What would be the best title for this text?

A．Dead fish will soon make power

B．Norway’s fishing industry meets a challenge

C．Smelly biogas has caused new problems

D．Hurtigruten points out the world resource issue

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

California burns every year, but 2020 is the worst year yet. In a study, more than 77,600 fires    1    (burn) over 2.5 million acres of land so far this year. Unfortunately, the season still has months to run. Over the past decade, the state has spent    2    average of $ 3.7 billion a year    3    (fight)fires. Although smaller than this year's, the 2018 fire season was    4    (particular) destructive, killing 100 people and burning tens of thousands of buildings.

The reason for the burs is a double hit of climate change and development. Pricy housing has pushed people onto    5    (cheap) land close to the wilderness. Meanwhile, climate change is extending the dry season, which stores up fuel for fires.

So    6    can be done to prevent the spread of burns? Clever designs can help make buildings fight against fires that spread 10 neighboring buildings.    7    (material) such as concrete, adobe or stucco are a better bet than walls in a flammable wood, some of    8    promise to hold back the flames for two hours or more. Besides, opening agricultural lands can be a useful measure, too. Australia, which also suffers    9    wildfires, has experimented with bunkers (掩体) specially    10    (design) to hold back fires for an hour or more.

5 . 假定你是校学生会主席，请以学生会的名义就全球变暖问题写一封英文倡议信，并刊登在你校英文报上。内容包括:
1. 全球变暖的负面影响；
2. 如何从我做起减缓全球变暖。
注意:1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
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The Student Union

6 . The New South Wales government used planes to drop more than 4,000 pounds of carrots and sweet potatoes, to the forests which are damaged by the recent wildfires. The fires are reported to have killed more than a billion wild animals and destroyed a land of more than 84 thousand square kilometers—about twice the size of Maryland. What is worse, most Australians are worrying about when the wildfires will be fully put out.

“The home of several important wallabies (沙袋鼠) was burnt in the recent fires,” New South Wales Environment Minister Matt Kean said on Sunday. Kean said the drops are what wallabies need. The plan is designed to help wallabies and allow them to recover.

Fire seasons often take place in the country, but this year the fires have been quite devastating. The country experienced one of its hottest and driest years, which made it harder to put out the fires. Besides wild animals, the fires have taken the lives of at least 25 people and destroyed more than 2,000 homes.

“I think there’s nothing to compare with the damage that’s going on over such a large area so quickly. It’s a big event in terms of geography and the number of wild animals,” Dickman, an animal protection expert, said in an interview with NPR last week.

“We know that the number of Australian wild animals has been going down over the last several decades, and it’s probably fairly well known that Australia’s got the world’s highest rate of extinction of animals,” he added. “It’s events like this that may increase the speed of extinction of a lot of other animals. So, it’s very sad time. Everyone has to try their best to do something for them.”

1. Why did the Australian government drop potatoes?

A．To feed the animals.	B．To trap the animals.
C．To plant potatoes there.	D．To help the people.

2. What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Damaging.	B．Interesting.
C．Surprising.	D．Tiring.

3. What can we know about the recent Australian wildfires from the text?

A．They have been under control.

B．The weather is helpful in putting out them.

C．They have killed a small amount of wildlife.

D．They have greatly influenced both people and animals.

4. What does Dickman want to stress in the last paragraph?

A．Australia has a lot of wildlife.

B．Australians have suffered a lot.

C．Australians should protect the wildlife.

D．The government is responsible for the wildfires.

7 . Water conservation (保护) means using limited water supply wisely and caring for it properly. Since each of us depends on water to support life, it is our responsibility to learn more about water conservation and how we can help keep our sources pure and safe for generations to come. Below are some of the main reasons why it's important to conserve water.

It diminishes the effects of drought and water shortages. Even though our need for fresh water is always increasing because of population and industry growth, the supply we have stays the same. Even though water eventually returns to the Earth through the water cycle, it's not always returned to the same spot, or with the same quantity and quality. By reducing the amount of water we use, we can better protect against future drought years.

It guards against a series of social problems. Failing to conserve water, can eventually lead to a lack of water supply, which can have bad results. These include rising costs, reduced food supplies, health dangers, and even political conflict. Many fears have been expressed that water wars will occur in the future as water is becoming scarcer and scarcer (更稀缺的).

It helps to protect our environment. Reducing our water usage reduces the energy required to process water and deliver it to businesses, farms, and communities, which, in turn, helps to reduce pollution and conserve energy.

It builds safe and beautiful communities. Hospitals, gas stations, health clubs, gyms, and restaurants all require large amounts of water to provide services for communities. Reducing our usage of water means that these services can continue to be provided. Much of our fresh water can also be used for beautifying our surroundings — trees, flowers, vegetable gardens, as well as filling public fountains.

Water conservation requires effort, and every little bit helps. Don't think that what you do does not matter. We can all make changes in our lifestyles to reduce our water usage. The trick is making water conservation a way of life — not just something we think about once in a while.

1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly show?

A．Conserving water is very difficult.

B．Everyone should learn to conserve water.

C．Many people don't care about water waste.

D．Water shortage will influence the later generations.

2. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Proves.	B．Reduces.
C．Examines.	D．Removes.

3. Why does the author mention the services in Paragraph 5?

A．To explain what services need water the most.

B．To show water is widely used in our daily life.

C．To explain why people today love to conserve water.

D．To show conserving water benefits our communities.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Why Do Water Resources Become Scarcer?

B．How Can We Make Our World a Better Place?

C．Why Should We Conserve Water in Our Daily Life?

D．How Can We Conserve Water to Protect Our Earth?

8 . Last year, the bushfires in Australia burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people were killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, that was the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.

Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.

Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.

Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity(严重) of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled bums and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).

1. What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?

A．The causes of Australian fires.	B．The results of Australian fires.
C．The damaged areas of Australian fires.	D．The property destruction of Australian fires.

2. Which of the following best explains ''susceptible to" in the second paragraph?

A．Very quickly to adapt to.

B．Very seriously to focus on.

C．Very likely to be influenced by.

D．Very easily to be protected against.

3. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?

A．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.

B．Global wanning is also a main cause of the bushfires.

C．Warmer ocean temperatures leads to the fires directly.

D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.

4. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A．To stress the effects of Australia fires.

B．To show the methods for land management.

C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.

D．To provide some advice about reducing fire damage.

9 . Do you still remember the haze（雾霾）in the winter? So many people got terribly ill during or after the haze.     1    Here is advice for you to protect yourself in hazy weather.

Spend less time outdoors.This is the most effective way for self-protection in such bad weather.With PM2.5 increasing 103mg per cubic meter,residents will risk a 2.29% increase of death,which experts found out in 2012.If you have to get out,avoid riding bicycles.    2    

Close your windows.Experts advice residents to avoid opening windows at home.If you have to ,avoid the time when smog is at its densest（浓的）.    3    Besides,you can keep plants with broad leaves at home to absorb dust,and use air purifiers（清洁器）.

Smoke less.    4    In hazy weather,smoking would be even more harmful.Smokers are advised to keep their distance from cigarettes before the weather gets better.

    5    For example ,wear special masks outside to avoid breathing in PM2.5.Then take off your coat after getting indoors and keep it away from your other clean clothes,Don’t forget to wash your face,rinse（漱）your mouth,and clean your nasal cavity（鼻腔）to clean the particulate matters（颗粒物）that fall on you.Last but not least,keep off stimulating（刺激性）foods.

A．Wear masks.

B．Pay attention to other daily things.

C．Also avoid rush hours,when pollutants will be denser.

D．That’s because haze does harm to the health of people.

E．Cigarettes could cause more particulate matters,which are included in PM2.5 .

F．Take more fruits and vegetables instead,which are good for lung,spleen（脾）and kidney（肾）.

G．For residents who use air-conditioner,make sure your apartment has enough oxygen indoors.

10 . Scientists think they have answered a mystery: How some ocean creatures got so huge so quickly.

A few million years ago, the largest whales, averaged about 15 feet long. Then seemingly overnight, one type of whale, the toothless baleen whale（须鲸类）became huge. Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet. Nicholas Pyenson of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum said, “Why is that?” ”It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye, which makes it harder to figure out what happened,” said Graham Slater, lead author of the study. Their study has suggested an answer: Ice ages in the last 3 to 5 million years started it, changing the oceans and food supply for whales.
The researchers used fossil records of the smaller whales to create a family tree for baleen whales which include blue whales, humpbacks and right whales. Using computer simulations（模拟）and knowledge about how evolution works, they concluded that when the size changes started, the poles got colder, ice expanded and the water circulation in the oceans changed and winds shifted,       Slater and Pyenson said cold water went deep and moved closer to the equator(赤道）and then eventually moved back up with small fish and other small animals that whales eat.

Baleen whale, which have no teeth, feed by eating huge amounts of fish they capture. Toothed whales, like sperm whales (抹香鲸), hunt individual fish, so the ocean chants that made food less evenly spread out didn’t affect them as much. But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.

Olivier Lambert at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences calls it “a really convincing situation”. But he said the lack of fossils in certain time periods is an issue. As oceans warm from man-made climate change, the seas will be more like it was when the whales smaller and they will have a more difficult time surviving.

1. What does the author mean by “It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye” in the second paragraph?

A．The change of baleen whales happened too quickly.

B．The change of baleen whales was too difficult to explore.

C．Researchers paid little attention to the change of baleen whales.

D．Researchers thought the change of baleen whales was unimportant.

2. What played the key role in baleen whales’ becoming huge?

A．Man-made climate change.

B．Its eating a huge amount of fish.

C．The water circulation in the oceans.

D．The increase of food supply for whales.

3. What do we know about sperm whales and blue whales according to the text?

A．Sperm whales eat more food.

B．Blue whaler live much longer.

C．Sperm whales prefer to hunt schools of fish.

D．Blue whales usually swallow schools of fish.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．There are no whale fossils now.

B．The whales may become even bigger.

C．Global warming has threatened the whales.

D．Olivier Lamber thinks the study is perfect.