1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the Earth.     1     (actual), every second about 100 lightning strikes hit     2    surface of the Earth. In some parts of the world, for example in India, summer lightning storms are very common. With the rainy season    3    (begin) there, storms often cover most of the country’s northern area. The last week in June, the Reuters News Agency     4    (report) lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.

If you are outside,     5     (expert) say you should take cover,     6    means finding a safe shelter for protection. During a lightning storm, no place outside is safe. If you hear-thunder, lightning is close enough to hit you. Most lightning victims are in open areas or near a tree.

If you are indoors during a lightning storm, you could still be     7    danger. Stay off wired phones, computers and other     8    (equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity. Avoid any area with running water and stay away from windows and doors. Specialists at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save    9    (they) lives. It is safe     10     (touch) a lightning strike victim. People struck by lightning do not carry charge. est. Some nutrients are easily lost in cooking if they are cooked in different ways.

3 . 语法填空

Several examples told us that a knowledge of natural disasters can save our lives.

Alice Brown was teaching     1     the floor began to shake.   Her students’     2    (react) was quick and correct. At     3     same time,   Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door,   in case it     4    (damage) during the shaking.   The moment the shaking stopped,   Miss Brown signalled to her students     5    (exit) the classroom in an     6    (order) line.   All of them were safe and sound.   

Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger     7     her knowledge of tsunamis.   She noticed something odd while       8    (walk) along Goldshore Beach. It     9    (occur) to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.   Her parents told this to a safety officer, who     10    (immediate) realized the coming danger.   The beach was cleared of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.

5 . 语法填空

Every Wednesday at 7 p.m., a group of runners from different countries gather at a bar in Shanghai before     1     (set) out on their 5 ­kilometer run. But this is no ordinary run. These people     2     (arm) with rubbish bags. The members of this group don’t simply run for good health. They do it for the environment     3     well.     4     (call) “plogging”, this new fitness activity began in Sweden in 2016 and was introduced to Shanghai in 2018. By the summer of 2018, just a few months after Rubbish Running China was founded,     5     (it) WeChat group had grown to more than 400 runners. To make the activity more fun for both newcomers and regular ploggers, Rubbish Running China also     6     (frequent) organizes longer weekend runs in the suburban areas. “We want more people to hold small ‘plogging’ groups and have     7     responsibility to organize rubbish running activities in their own neighborhoods,” says Eisenring,     8     founded Rubbish Running China. “ ‘Plogging’ is a way     9     (know) the people and the city a bit more,” says Robbin Trebbe, one of the     10     (late) runners to join the group.

7 . Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck , but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.

Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.

Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the center of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.

Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.

To tell the strength of an earthquake, scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter Scale). The larger the number on the MMS, the larger the earthquake. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:

4.0—Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.

5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle(发出嘎嘎声). Windows may break.

6.0—Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one.

7.0—Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.

8.0—Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.

9.0 and up—Whole cities flattened and large­scale damage.

1. If a 5.0­ magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen?

A．Your house might shake violently.

B．People might feel no shaking at all.

C．The family photo may fall off the wall.

D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.

2. What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?

A．It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.

B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.

C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.

D．The earthquake won’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.

3. How does the writer explain the concepts concerning the earthquake?

A．By listing examples.

B．By giving explanations.

C．By making comparisons.

D．By offering data.

4. What’s the purpose of the passage?

A．To enrich people’s knowledge of self­rescue in disasters.

B．To stress the importance of earthquake rescue.

C．To issue early warnings before an earthquake.

D．To present facts about the earthquake.

8 . A powerful magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck southern California on July 5, 2019. This event was widely felt.     1     Aftershocks were expected to continue.

Earthquakes are also called temblors.     2     So, it’s terrible to imagine they happen in the form of tremors(轻微地震) every day around the world. Some 80% of all the planet’s earthquakes happen along the rim of the Pacific Ocean.     3     That is because of a lot of volcanic activity there.

Scientists give a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic (地震的) waves. A magnitude of 3 to 4.9 is considered minor or light; 5 to 6.9 is moderate (中等的) to strong; 7 to 7.9 is major; and 8 or more is great.

    4     Some 10,000 people die because of it every year. Besides, earthquakes may also lead to other natural disasters. Smaller temblors that usually happen in the days following a large earthquake can cause further deaths and damage.     5    .

A．It is called the “Ring of Fire”.

B．They can cause huge damage.

C．Protect yourself as quickly as possible.

D．In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year.

E．One important way is to try to make your home as safe as possible.

F．However,the loss of life can be avoided through planning and education.

G．It caused several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby.

10 . 课文内容填空

Nowadays, more and more wild animals are entering cities. Most of us assume that urban     1    (develop) and climate change push the animals out of their habitats. But it is humans     2     have moved into their territory. Cities offer     3    (increasing) appealing spaces to animals as habitats. These animals can be out of reach from their natural     4    (predator). What’s more,       5    (hunger) animals are finding plenty to eat. Urban animals are     6    (intelligent) than their wild cousins. Some animals have changed their living habits to fit     7     with their new homes. Some species are more affected     8     others. These birds have yet to change their     9    (migrate) routes.

We should learn to better understand and appreciate our wild neighbours and     10    (harmonious) share our urban habitats.