1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Strange things happened in the city of Tangshan. The well walls had deep cracks. A     1     (smell) gas came out of them. At 3:42     2     the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. One of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. Soon the whole city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people     3     lived there were dead or injured. The number of people     4     (kill) in the quake was more than 240,000. Everything in the city     5     (destroy). People were shocked at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army     6     (organize) teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for     7     (survive). Food and water were taken to the city.     8     (slow) the city began to breathe again. Tangshan began to revive     9     (it) and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built. Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for     10     brighter future.

2 . Not that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year, wind, solar and hydro generated a record 35% of Germany's power.

Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030. 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America’s most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century and so have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.

But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate the whole country’s electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world’s total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Car manufacturers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation (航室) are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.

Most importantly, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions (净排放量) of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. New technologies, such as “direct air capture” systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.

1. Why is Germany mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To introduce the topic.

B．To provide a successful example of producing clean energy.

C．To compare with the USA.

D．To prove the possibility of the 100% renewables target.

2. What picture is described at the beginning of the passage?

A．A tough fight against climate change.	B．A huge market of electric vehicles.
C．A promising future of clean energy.	D．A fierce competition between countries.

3. Why is every target not realistic according to Paragraph 3?

A．Car makers cannot produce enough batteries.

B．New energy doesn’t receive its due attention in every aspect of society.

C．Use of traditional energies causes air pollution.

D．We are lacking in enough wind and solar energy to generate electricity.

4. Which of the following does the writer probably agree with?

A．Energy efficiency is superior to using renewables.

B．People can only use new energy in reality.

C．Mixing up means with purposes matters most.

D．The target of 100 renewables is too high to reach.

3 . How To Eat Better for the Planet

You're environmentally conscious - and hungry. Here are answers to all your coo-friendly food questions.

Does what I eat have an effect on climate change?

Yes. The world's food system is responsible for about one quarter of the planet-warming greenhouse gases that humans generate each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat.     1    

How exactly does food contribute to global warming?

When some forests are cleared to make room for farms, cattle, sheep or other livestock, some serious problems may come up.     2     Also, fossil fuels are used to operate farm machinery, make fertilizer, and ship food around the globe, all of which generate emissions.

What about chicken?

A number of studies have found that chickens, ducks, and other birds have a lesser climate impact than cattle or sheep kept on a farm.     3     Especially at converting feeding materials into animal meat, the efficiency is highly improved, though this has prompted major concerns about animal welfare.

Is organic produce better for the climate?

Organic produce is grown without synthetic fertilizers or pesticides, but that doesn't mean it's necessarily better than conventionally grown produce from a climate perspective.     4     In some cases it can be worse.

    5    

It's true that one person alone just makes a little bit in the climate problem. On the other hand, if many people made changes to their diets, that could start to add up. Experts have argued that it would make a big difference if the world's heaviest meat eaters scaled back - even moderately.

A．Does what we eat matter?

B．Can I really make a difference?

C．Organic farms often require more land.

D．Modern-day chickens are bred to be extremely efficient.

E．Processing, packaging, and shipping food are also part of it.

F．Advances in chickens breeding are helping to reduce the cost of it.

G．Large stores of carbon released into the atmosphere heat up the planet.

4 . 假定你是校学生会主席，请以学生会的名义就全球变暖问题写一封英文倡议信，并刊登在你校英文报上。内容包括:
1. 全球变暖的负面影响；
2. 如何从我做起减缓全球变暖。
注意:1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Student Union

5 . It's not always easy to run an energy efficient house. But there are some simple things anyone can do.

Go LED with your lighting.

There are sevenal benefis to switching to energy efficient light bulbs. One of them is saving money- though the LED bulbs might cost more than traditional bulbs, the average saving on LED bulbs is $ 75a year._    1    LED bulbs can last years or even decades.

Don't run your air conditioner constantly

As the weather starts to warm, you might be thinking about the right time to turrn on your air conditioner. _    2    Air conditioner units are among the most energy-consuming appliances in your home. Using electrical fans instead of your air conditioner is much more efficient and it's a big money saver, too.

    3    

On those days when you treat a large crowd and are low on time，don't beat yourself up if you have to use disposable(一次性的) dishware. This method reduces your water usage and saves energy. And as a bonus, if your city offers roadside recycling, your paper plates may qualify.

Update your insulation(隔热)

All that work you're doing to save energy in your home could go to waste if it's not properly insulated. If you can't insulate the whole house, pay special attention to the roof: it reduces air flow from outide. By updating your insulation,you're saving money.    4    

Take showers instead of baths

A full bathtub requires about 70 gallons of waler.    5    Showers are quite different---taking a five-minute shower uses only 10 to 25 gallons!

A．But do you really have to?

B．You should use your air conditioner smartly.

C．Tum off water when not using it.

D．Plus, you needn't change them frequenly.

E．Don't feel guilty about using paper plates.

F．And it's also easier to control your home temperature.

G．Even if you don't fill it to the top, it still uses much more water.

6 . Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.

    1    For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.

The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.    2    That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.    3    Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.

    4    On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.    5    People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.

A．We use water indirectly too.

B．Every system in our body depends on water to function.

C．It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems

D．If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.

E．Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？

F．In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.

G．In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.

7 . What is eco­fashion? Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry.

    1     Firstly, the production of textiles(纺织品)pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton­planting uses pesticides(杀虫剂)；sheep­farming and wool­cleaning contribute to global warming；Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve chemicals which evidently do harm to the surroundings.    2    Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now so quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.

    3    To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable (可持续的)materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste.     4    

There is some concern that eco-friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but in fact, more and more people are concerning about this and we can make sure that doesn’t happen.    5    

A．Then, how to solve the problems?

B．They relate directly to our personal health.

C．Because choosing eco­fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.

D．In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water.

E．The fashion industry has developed quickly.

F．On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.

G．A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems.

8 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems,    1    Pollution means making things dirty. It comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth.    2    Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place，Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.

    3    It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.

    4    They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.

The earth is our home. We must take care of it.    5    And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.

A．The more people，the more pollution.

B．One of the biggest is pollution.

C．Air pollution is still the most serious.

D．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.

E．That means keeping the land，water and air clean.

F．I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem.

G．Strange diseases have appeared in some places because of pollution.