增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：(1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
(2)只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Monday, when I was taken a walk with my mother, I noticed some litter on the sidewalk. I knew it was time to take action. So on our way to home, we decided to do some clean-up work. I took a picker and my mother hold a big rubbish bag. Together they did litter pickup on the sidewalk. I was surprising that the bag filled up so quick. Then we threw it into the roadside dustbin but repeated the process two more time. It gave us a sense of satisfaction to know we did which we could for Mother Earth. We thought of doing this on a regular basis, maybe once month.
Forests, which cover nearly one-third of the world’s land area, are a vital and
In the early 1990s,
People have become more interested in
3 . New York-based Ecovative has been creating environmentally friendly packaging made from mushrooms and agricultural waste since 2009. Now, the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes and offices with a new line of compostable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grown using just three materials: mycelium (the vegetative part of mushrooms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.
While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical, the company’s CEO Eben Bayer says it is a relatively low-tech process and compares it to “making bread”. The company begins by adding a few mycelium cells to damp hemp or other agricultural waste.
The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste until everything is ”glued“ together. The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold (模具) where it continues to grow and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the oven. In addition to making it as strong as wood, the heat also kills the mycelium, thus giving the compostable material a similar shelf life to wood.
Also, though the table tops of the stylish Tafl and King’s tables released at the recently held Biofabricate 2016 conference in New York City resemble marble, they are far from it. The perfectly carved blocks are made of a material grown by a North Carolina-based company named bioMASON using grains of sands and bacteria.
As you have probably guessed, this waste-free furniture does not come cheap. Customers can expect to pay anywhere from $249 USD for the Tafl to $699 USD for the King’s table, both of which are only available in limited quantities. Those that cannot afford those prices can choose cheaper GIY (grow it yourself) ones made of various products ranging from Christmas tree decorations to lamp shades.
1. Why did Eben compare making hard materials to making bread?| A．Their raw materials are the same. | B．Their product appearances are alike. |
| C．Their production processes are simple. | D．Their production costs are relatively low. |
| A．The method of making mushrooms hard. | B．How to make mushroom furniture materials. |
| C．What are needed to make mushroom furniture. | D．The difficulties of making mushroom furniture. |
| A．They are in limited supply. | B．They are offered in GIY forms. |
| C．They consist mainly of marble. | D．They are designed by bioMASON. |
| A．The Invention of New Kinds of Furniture |
| B．The First Sale of Furniture Made of Mushrooms |
| C．Scientists Found New Material to Make Furniture |
| D．Future Furniture May Be Grown from Mushrooms |
China has formally made an announcement of its first five national parks of 230, 000 from Tibet to Hainan, focusing on
Giant Panda National Park will surely be
The intersection (交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, which
China’s best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world
Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus
Now, with some tourist programs
5 . As Plastic Chokes the Ocean, Technology Can Help
Some 8 million tons of non-recyclable (不可回收的) plastic end up in the ocean each year. At an alarming rate, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century.
Require a global solution to a global problem.
Pay more attention to the new studies on plastic and technologies. Some of researchers are aiming to make replacements for plastic.
Expect more responsibility from manufacturers.
The world doesn’t have enough time in trying to solve the problem. The sooner these efforts start, the better.
| A．Strengthen the connection between countries. |
| B．Others are doing more research on new technologies. |
| C．Nearly 200 countries agreed to ban plastic pollution. |
| D．Establish production limits for non-recyclable plastic. |
| E．They should care about different laws on plastic in the poorer countries. |
| F．They are well aware of how to reduce the harms their products cause. |
| G．Thus it’s necessary to take immediate action to stop that. |
6 . I’ve just asked Julie Gray, a biologist at the University of Sheffield, which species she thinks would be the last ones standing if we don’t take transformative action on climate change. “I don’t think it will be humans. I think we’ll go quite early on,” says Gray. Humans probably won’t be among the survivors, partly because humans produce young extremely slowly and generally just one or two at a time.
It may seem like just a thought experiment. But discussing which species are able to survive climate change is disturbingly concrete. As a report stated recently, one in four species currently faces extinction, which is closely linked to climate change. While the seriousness of climate change is undeniable, we can make some educated guesses about which species will have a better shot at going far.
According to Jen Lau, a biologist at University Bloomington, heat tolerant and drought resistant plants, like those found in deserts, are more likely to survive. So are plants whose seeds can be spread over long distances, for example by wind or ocean currents. Plants that can adjust their flowering times may also be better able to deal with higher temperatures.
We can also look to history as a guide. Cockroaches adapted to an increasingly dry Australia tens of millions of years ago, by starting to dig holes in soil to hide. Cockroaches also tend to not be picky eaters. Having broad diets means that climate change will be less of a threat to them.
Furthermore, species called “mobile generalists” by experts can move and adapt to different environments and are more likely to last long in face of climate change. For example, deer in the US are common in suburban areas and manage to live where forests have been removed or are regularly disturbed.
Certainly, some animals would also survive if they could find a buffer: an area that is relatively protected from climate change’s consequences, such as deep sea canyons, underground caves.
1. What does the author probably think of the answer given by Gray?| A．Ridiculous. | B．Unreasonable. | C．Upsetting. | D．Exciting. |
| A．Peacefully wait. | B．Quickly die out. |
| C．Greatly change. | D．Possibly survive. |
| A．Trees growing in the rainforest and flowering at fixed time every year. |
| B．Animals good at digging holes and not particular about food. |
| C．Creatures mainly living in trees and spending most time sleeping. |
| D．Fishes that do not enjoy deep diving and like to stay in a bay. |
| A．How Climate Will Change in the Future |
| B．What Species May Survive Climate Change |
| C．Why Some Species Have Broader Diets |
| D．Where Species Can Hide in Climate Change |
7 . Patagonia, a leading brand in outdoor clothing, is climbing a mountain in the clothing industry and reaching a new summit. Through several measures, the company inspires people to share, resell, repair, and recycle their clothes, producing less waste. Every second, about one garbage truck of used clothes is sent to the landfill (垃圾埋区) or is burned. Patagonia is taking this alarming statistic seriously. They are including a “buy used” choice on their website, offering second-hand clothes alongside their newest designs.
The second-hand trend is here to stay. Other chains such as The North Face, Macy’s, Adidas, Burberry, and Made have also accepted the new circular economy business model. Famous traditional retailers (零售商) are also becoming used clothing providers, and are changing the way second-hand clothes are sold.
Even the most skeptical (怀疑) shoppers are now open to the idea of buying used quality items. As a result, it is no surprise that the total second-hand market is expected to grow to almost twice the size of fast fashion by 2029. Naturally, the most sustainable (可持续的) piece of clothing is the one that already exists. This “green” article of clothing doesn’t require using original resources. Moreover, it prevents used clothes from ending up in landfills, and it requires no plastic packaging.
According to a 2018 report by ThredUP, buying a piece of used clothing expands its life on average by 2.2 years, which reduces its carbon, waste, and water footprint by 73 percent. So even though the development of new materials and processes in fashion seems promising (有前景的), wearing second-hand clothes is the easiest and most immediate way to face the environmental challenges the fashion industry brings.
1. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 2?| A．Lots of second-hand clothes are of high quality. |
| B．The second-hand trend is more commonly accepted. |
| C．Traditional retailers have a role to play in reducing waste. |
| D．Shopping attitudes towards second-hand clothes are changing. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Unclear. | C．Passive. | D．Optimistic. |
| A．Keeping pace with fashion. | B．Satisfying shoppers’ needs. |
| C．Protecting the environment. | D．Lowering economic stress. |
| A．Patagonia Is a Leading Clothing Brand |
| B．Clothing Waste Influences the Environment |
| C．Second-hand Clothes Are Facing Challenges |
| D．Patagonia Is Now Selling Used Clothes |
1. Why does the woman plan to wear a mask tomorrow?
| A．Because of the smog. |
| B．Because of her illness. |
| C．Because of the cold weather. |
| A．The heavy traffic. |
| B．The air pollution. |
| C．The large population. |
| A．Change their ways to go to work. |
| B．Ask the government to do something. |
| C．Call on people to protect the environment. |
| A．He always uses the public transport. |
| B．He seldom listens to the weather report. |
| C．He is waiting for the weather to improve soon. |
9 . Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification (沙漠化).
Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. It generally arises from two related causes. The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They have been completely buried by the sand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.
The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available (可获得的). Ploughing (耕种) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.
It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. Every spring, the skies over some of cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.
What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first step is to find new water sources. Tree planting can also help, by providing barriers (屏障) between desert and rich field. Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath (在……下面) the sand.
1. What does the underlined word “marshes” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．A cold place. | B．A narrow field. |
| C．A wet area. | D．A dry land. |
| A．Growing wrong crops. | B．Planting enough trees. |
| C．Enlarging the fields. | D．Using too much water. |
| A．Desertification makes global warming worse. |
| B．Only farmers and villagers suffer a lot from desertification. |
| C．Finding new water sources is the only way to stop desertification. |
| D．We should dig the sand to solve the problem caused by desertification. |
| A．Influence of the Desertification | B．Importance of Water |
| C．A Global Environmental Issue | D．Necessity of War against Desertification |
1. Where did the woman learn about the turtles?
| A．From a friend. | B．From the Internet. | C．From a program. |
| A．200 meters. | B．2, 000 meters. | C．29, 000 meters. |
| A．It decides baby turtles’ sex. |
| B．It affects the number of eggs. |
| C．It changes the speed of hatch. |
| A．By banning the use of plastic. |
| B．By stopping hunting them. |
| C．By making nests for them. |
