1．减少塑料的使用； 2．保持海滩和水路干净； 3．向更多人宣传海洋保护
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：水路waterway
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2 . In the United States，a company is working on a project that could change the way we think about public transportation.Its planned system would move people around in steel tubes.Those passengers would be traveling at speeds of up to 1,200 kilometers per hour.
The futuristic steel tube transportation system is called Hyper1oop.Workers plan to test the system next year in a specially built community called Quay Valley.The town will be powered entirely by energy from the sun.
The Hyperloop transport system is the idea of businessman Elon Musk.Dirk Ahlborn is head of Hyperloop Transportation Technologies.He says his company has taken Mr.Musk’s idea and is developing a system that will be safe，environmentally friendly and fast.
“It’s 100 percent solar powered…we’re not going to get up to 760 miles per hour，but we believe we can actually break the records that are existing right now.”
This means that a four-hour drive from Los Angeles，California to Las Vegas，Nevada，could someday take only 30 minutes by Hyperloop.The system involves a series of capsules that float inside a long tube.These containers would not need to travel along a pathway or track.The system has been designed to operate above or below ground.
“Inside the tube you create a low pressure environment very similar to an airplane that’s at high altitudes.So now the capsule travelling inside the tube doesn’t come up against as much resistance，and therefore can travel really fast with very little energy.”
Dick Ahlborn and his company will use an eight—kilometer track in Quay Valley to find the best way to set up passenger traffic and repair capsules.A larger system will cost an estimated six to $10 billion to build.If Mr.Ahlborn and his company succeed，we may one day see these very fast Hyperloop capsules speeding through tubes around the world.
1. Which of the following is true of Hyperloop?| A．It will travel along a pathway or track. |
| B．It will use more energy than current trains. |
| C．There is a high pressure inside the tube of it. |
| D．A series of experiments on it will be carried on. |
| A．Dirk is worried about the speed of Hyperloop |
| B．Hyperloop has been built in the United States |
| C．Hyperloop will be powered by energy from the sun |
| D．Hyperloop has reached to 760 miles per hour |
| A．Systems. | B．Capsules. | C．Tubes. | D．Airplanes. |
| A．Hyperloop Is Closer To Reality | B．Hyperloop Will Test At Quay Valley |
| C．Elon Musk’s Idea Is Under Discussion | D．Hyperloop Travels Around The World |
3 . Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn't new at all --- in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier's ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.
While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect – still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．The atmosphere. |
| B．The greenhouse effect. |
| C．The climate change. |
| D．The heat from the sun. |
| A．In 1903. |
| B．In 1950. |
| C．200 years ago. |
| D．By the end of 1950s. |
| A．Positive. |
| B．Indifferent. |
| C．Supportive. |
| D．Opposed. |
| A．Causes of climate change. |
| B．Effects of greenhouse gases. |
| C．Explorations on climate change. |
| D．Findings about global warming. |
4 . 
Climate change may make parts of the Middle East too hot for human beings, according to a new study.
Researchers have been studying weather conditions in the Middle East since 1970. They say “very hot” days in the area have doubled over that period. They say temperatures in summer in the Middle East and North Africa will continue rising. They believe by 2050, temperatures will not fall below 30 degrees Celsius at night in the hottest part of summer, and day-time temperatures could rise to 46 degrees Celsius. Temperatures at noon could reach as high as 50 Celsius. Heat waves are likely to last longer.
“If mankind continues to release carbon dioxide as it does now, people living in the Middle East and North Africa will have to expect about 200 unusually hot days,” says Panos Hadjinicolaou, a climate change expert with the Cyprus Institute.
The researchers also looked at the amount of “fine particulate (颗粒) air pollution” in the Middle East. They found that the amount of dust in the atmosphere over Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Syria jumped 70 percent since the start of the century. This, they say, could have resulted from an increase in the number of sand storms caused by climate change.
The researchers created two models. In one model, rising temperatures are limited because of reductions in greenhouse gases. The other model is said to be a “business as usual” model where nothing is done to stop climate change. Under both models, the future of the Middle East is not good, the researchers say. They added that climate change can result in a slow worsening of living conditions for people in North Africa and the Middle East and in time many people may have to leave the regions.
1. The underlined word “fine” in the 4th paragraph probably has the same meaning as ________.| A．bright | B．terrible | C．very thin | D．high-quality |
| A．climate change →sand storms→dust in the atmosphere |
| B．sand storms →climate change→dust in the atmosphere |
| C．climate change →dust in the atmosphere→sand storms |
| D．sand storms →dust in the atmosphere→climate change |
| A．indifferent | B．casual | C．skeptical | D．concerned |
| A．In a History Paper. | B．In a News Report. |
| C．In a Literature Magazine. | D．In a Travel Brochure. |
5 . The Ocean Awareness Student Contest(International)
We invite middle and high school students from around the world to attend the 2017 Ocean Awareness Student Contest! The theme is Making Meaning out of Ocean Pollution, and it challenges you to research, explore, explore interpret, and say something meaningful about the connections between human activities and the health of our oceans.
This year, we challenge you to concentrate on one type of ocean pollution and “make meaning” of it through art, poetry or film. We encourage you to connect it with your own life, your own local community, or something else that is personally meaningful to you, but what’s most important is to pick a topic that inspires you.
To take part:
(1)Research
Do research on your own. Ask tough and complex questions, and think about the way science and society help you explain the topic
(2)Create
To explain your topic, create your own work of art, writing, poetry or film.
(3) Submit(提交)
The closing date for entries is on June 13, 2017, at 11:59pm.
Submit as an individual: This means that you are the only creator of your submission .
Submit as a group: Groups can be of unlimited size, but you must provide the names of each group member. There will be one group leader who will be the contact(联系)person for the group and prizes will be awarded to the group as a whole.
Prizes:
The winners will receive scholarships (up to $ 1,500), and each year we give out over 140 prizes(totaling up to $80,000) as well as chances to the winners to work with us and to get their works exhibited and published.
1. The purpose of the contest is to______.| A．encourage more people to explore the ocean |
| B．direct students to receive more scholarships |
| C．draw students’ attention to the health of the oceans |
| D．help students complete their works in various styles |
| A．college students | B．teenagers |
| C．art students | D．people of all ages |
| A．submit their works in groups |
| B．experience the life in a local community |
| C．exhibit or publish their works in advance |
| D．do research and explain their topics |
| A．Scholarships will be offered to the winners |
| B．The organizers will let the winners work with them |
| C．The winners will be admitted to famous universities |
| D．Chances are that the winners can get their works published |
6 . In an effort to discourage people from using plastics，scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products．From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat，a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go，or having a relaxing picnic in the park．
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years．Recently，Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled．As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down，though they would be perfectly safe to eat．Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones．
The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future．Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons．After the success of his spoons, Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu．His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste，which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world．It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down，and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it．
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment，this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy．Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home，possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends．Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?
1. Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?| A．To make people’s life more convenient． |
| B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste． |
| C．To charge the way we picnic outside． |
| D．To show off their inventive talents． |
| A．They can be made at home． |
| B．They are cheap to produce and buy． |
| C．They will hold their shape when they are filled． |
| D．They will break down themselves when empty． |
| A．They are convenient to carry． | B．They are safe to eat． |
| C．They can be used for a short time． | D．They are heavier than plastics． |
| A．Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular． |
| B．Eatable cutlery’will completely replace plastics in the near future． |
| C．No recycling companies can breakdown plastic waste． |
| D．It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home． |
7 . It is reported that bags are getting bigger all the time，and that there are more bags per person on the street today than at any other time in history．If this is true，possible explanations could include the wide use of small electric and electronic devices，a reading-material explosion，a popular interest toward tight or pocket less clothing，or cheap bagmaking labor overseas.
But，much as nature finds ways—such as disease—to control overpopulation，city life has thrown up impediments(障碍) to bags．To enter many public buildings，such as theatres and railway stations，you must go through a search or go bagless．The city has countless bag rules．It is hard to keep them all straight，and you're never sure，when leaving home for the day，whether it might be a bad idea to bring one along．
Last week，the New York Public Library got in the game．Students，researchers，writers，historians，and anyone else who has got used over the years to treating the vast Rose Main Reading Room as an office or a reading room came up against a new rule．You are no longer allowed to bring a bag larger than eleven inches by fourteen inches into the library．If you walk in with one，you must leave it at the coat check．You may keep its contents with you，however，and the library provides big clear plastic bags for them．You return them when you come back for your own bag．
What the library is trying to prevent，in this case，is people taking things out，rather than bringing things in．A librarian said on the second day，”It’s a big change for people who used to come and bring in half their flats．The people who use the library responsibly will continue to do so．The people who steal will continue to get away with it，if they really want to．”
1. How many reasons does the author list to explain the changes related to bags?| A．2 | B．3 | C．4 | D．5 |
| A．Have their bags examined. | B．Pay for bringing in bags. |
| C．Leave the places bagless. | D．Use big clear plastic bags. |
| A．To change people’s way of reading. |
| B．To prevent people stealing things. |
| C．To help people better use the library. |
| D．To stop people from bringing in dangerous things. |
| A．Excellent． | B．Satisfactory． | C．Harmful． | D．Limited． |
