2 . A few weeks ago, I bought a locally-grown salad from a vending machine(自动售货机). But then I immediately realized that it was packaged in a plastic jar. ''I guess I live with this jar now and forever. '' I thought sadly as I stared down at my new child.

The salad jar was only the latest in a long line of examples of how I am addicted to the responsibility of reusing everything, trying to never throw anything away. Water bottles have been given second lives, and berry containers are transformed into Tupperware. I recently even looked at a plastic straw in my fruit juice: Could I reuse it too…?

Yet trying to squeeze my salad jar under my kitchen counter this weekend, I finally had to admit: Being an environmentalist has turned me into a hoarder(囤积者). While keeping a certain number of jars and vegetable bags will allow me not to buy new containers, at a certain point those 30 berry containers begin to get a bit unnecessary. Who am I kidding? Then one day I came across a blog post that asks accusingly. ''Are you turning your own home into a landfill(垃圾填埋场)? ''

In my defense, there is absolutely no excuse not to be a conscious consumer. The solution is painfully obvious, but hard to admit: Delaying waste is not, in fact, rejecting waste. In an over-packaged, over-consuming culture, this can feel like a burden. While I refuse to throw away packaging, the fact remains: I already have it. The damage is done. I've been ignoring one of the most essential and difficult parts—reduce, reuse, recycle. Even if I go out of my way to reuse the waste I do have, I need to reduce what I am bringing home in the first place.

While I might not be ready to go full zero-waste, it's a goal that is admirable to work toward. Until then, my salad jar child is going to make a great overnight oats jar.

1. What does the author try to indicate by the last sentence in paragraph 2 ?

A．How important reusing is.

B．How enthusiastic she is about reusing.

C．How she makes use of the plastic straw.

D．Why she is responsible for reusing plastic straws.

2. Why does the author say she has turned into a hoarder?

A．She enjoys collecting a variety of small jars.

B．She has saved far more containers than she needs.

C．She likes the idea of saving fine packages in daily life.

D．She stores more berry containers than other containers.

3. What does the underlined word ''this'' in paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Over-packaging.	B．Delaying waste.
C．Over-consuming.	D．Rejecting waste.

4. The author realizes at last that she should___________.

A．buy fewer over-packaged goods

B．throw away unnecessary packaging

C．reuse materials as much as possible

D．appreciate the value of recycling materials

3 . Rainbow -coloured rubbish is the colourful waste created by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system. Like many cities in Sweden, Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling record. It met the EU’ s 2020 target of recycling 50％ of waste many years ago. But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict recycling policy at home. People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories, including food, textiles, cartons and metal. But what really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.

The reason for this becomes clear at the city’ s recycling plant. The bags arrive all jumbled up because they’ re collected altogether, once a fortnight from outside people’ s houses. But thanks to those bright colours, scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently. The food waste in green bags is processed on site into slurry(浆) to make biogas, which powers the city’ s buses. One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-pollution,so more of the recycled waste can actually be used to make new things.

Like the rest of Sweden, Eskilstuna is committed to sending zero waste from its citizens to landfill(垃圾堆) . Waste that cannot be recycled is incinerated at a local plant to generate electricity. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels, but does create greenhouse gases. As countries a-round the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as an example to follow— as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting at home.

1. How do people deal with their household waste in Eskilstuna？

A．Sorting and putting it in colourful bags.

B．Dyeing it with different colours.

C．Processing and recycling it at home.

D．Sorting and taking it out every week.

2. What is the advantage of the bright colour code？

A．It avoids cross － pollution entirely.

B．The waste can be stored in a fixed site.

C．It’ s easier to classify the bags of rubbish.

D．The city takes on a colorful look.

3. What does the underlined word “ incinerated” mean in the last paragraph？

A．Burnt	B．Broken
C．Reused	D．Washed

4. Which of the following is the best title of the text？

A．Tips on Sorting of Household Waste.

B．A Swedish City’ s Recycling Efforts.

C．A Unique Waste Recycling Plan.

D．A New Policy for Conservation.

4 . 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser.
“We’re not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We’ re just saying that we need to think about and know the ecological impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted.”
Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog’s food takes about 0.84 hectares — or 1.1 hectares in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd.
Convincing flesh eating cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping “greener”, smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, chickens or rabbits.
The book’s playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully “recycled”, by being eaten by their owners or turned into pet food when they die, may not appeal to animal fans.
Annoying as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet’s growing population and limited resources, Robert Vale said.
“Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It’s not just about changing your light bulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket,” he said.
“It’s about much more challenging and difficult issues,” he added. “Once you see where cats and dogs fit in your overall balance of things, you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself.”
1. The authors gave their book the playful title to________.

A．make it amusing	B．create a vivid image
C．show　writing skills	D．arouse people’ s concern

2. In Paragraph 3 the writer mainly wants to tell us________.

A．the amount of consumed land	B．the neglected ecological impact
C．some familiar examples	D．some actual figures

3. What does “sustainability” mean according to the passage?

A．Going vegetarian.	B．Raising cats and dogs.
C．Using a cloth bag.	D．Keeping a greener life.

4. Who may not like the idea of “recycling” pet animals?

A．Manufacturers.

B．Drivers.

C．Animal fans.

D．The authorities.

5. What the authors think of living a sustainable life?

A．Challenging.

B．Inspiring.

C．Inviting.

D．Touching.

5 . Blue Planet II’s latest episode focuses on how plastic is having a disastrous effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic in their stomachs. Indeed, the oceans are drowning in plastic.

Though it seems now that the world couldn’t possibly function without plastics, consumer plastics are a remarkably recent invention. The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s;   the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining in popularity in the United States. This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is still a very early science.

We put all these plastics into the environment and we still don’t really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.

And it’s not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster, worth mentioning to the same degree as climate change. But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no ocean trash deniers (否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we don’t have to remake our planet energy system.

This is not a problem where we don’t know what the solution is. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to dispose (处理) of it. We know how to recycle. We can all start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products. Things that may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag----when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference.

1. Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?

A．The plastics pollution research is too difficult.

B．Plastics have produced less pollution than coal.

C．The world couldn’t possibly function without plastics.

D．Plastics have gained in popularity too fast for science to catch up.

2. How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?

A．By statistics.

B．By quotations from leading experts.

C．By using examples from his own experience.

D．By comparison and contrast.

3. What can we infer about climate change?

A．Climate change is caused by human activities.

B．Some people hold some doubts about climate change.

C．Climate change is less important than ocean pollution.

D．Ocean plastic is more complicated than climate change.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Ocean plastic is a global issue.

B．The oceans become choked with plastic.

C．Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken.

D．Plastics gain in popularity all over the world

6 . Selecting what to wear can be a difficult problem, especially if you’re a fashion victim.

Trying to follow the latest styles involves regular visits to the shops and sometimes spending much money on expensive designer clothes．But when the fashion changes, these clothes had to stay in the back of cupboards gathering dust, or just get thrown away.

There are many stores that now offer cheap “fast fashion”—low-price items that imitate the styles of more expensive designer brands.

Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes and that many of them are made from non-recyclable materials. This means that items are just burned or go into landfill.

Writing about this for the BBC, Eleanor Lawrie says that people in the UK are the worst in Europe for doing this—with a million tons of unwanted textiles a year being thrown away.

And she says, “on top of often poor labour conditions for garment workers, the fashion industry is responsible for 20％of the world’s waste water, and 10％of carbon emissions.”

This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has led to a new crop of biomaterials that replace wasteful textiles like cotton and leather.

Examples include Piňatex, a leather-like substance made from pineapple leaves. It’s been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M. And there’s mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms, that’s being used to create food, packaging and textiles. Cotton is a very resource-intense crop to grow. Eleanor Lawrie says, “about 15.000 litres of water are required to make one pair of 1eans.

So, buying organic cotton is a better choice. And there is also Tencel(天丝绒), also known as Lyocell(莱赛尔纤维绒), a natural product that’s now growing in popularity. It’s made by obtaining fibre from trees; its manufacture is thought to use 95％less water than cotton processing.

But creating sustainable(可持续的)textiles is only part of the battle-buying ethically(符合道德准则地), buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are the obvious environmentally friendly choices．

1. What does “fashion victim” mean according to the first paragraph?

A．People who are fed up with fashion．	B．People who pursue fashion blindly．
C．People who show no concern about fashion．	D．People who oppose fashion strongly．

2. Which of the following is not one of the new biomaterials?

A．Pineapple leaves．

B．Mushroom root．

C．Lyocell．

D．Cotton．

3. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Cloth producers should produce less clothes．

B．Customers should be sensible when purchasing clothes．

C．Customers should wear old clothes rather than buy new ones．

D．Fashion industry should sell second hand and environmentally friendly clothes．

4. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Many of the clothes that can’t be recycled are just burned or go into landfill．

B．About 15，000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans with cotton but Tencel is thought to use 95％of the water than cotton processing．

C．People in the UK are the worst in the world for throwing away unwanted textiles according to Eleanor Lawrie．

D．There is no crop of biomaterials that replace wasteful textiles like cotton and leather．

7 . The national movement to get rid of plastic bags is gaining steam — with more than 240 cities and counties passing laws that ban or tax them since 2007 in the US. But these bans may be hurting the environment more than helping it.

University of Sydney economist Rebecca Taylor and colleagues compared bag use in cities with bans with those without them. For six months, they spent weekends in grocery stores recording the types of bags people carried out.

Taylor found these bag bans did what they were supposed to: People in the cities with the bans used fewer plastic bags, which led to about 40 million fewer pounds of plastic garbage per year. But people who used to reuse their shopping bags for other purposes, like picking up dog waste, still needed bags. "What I found was that sales of garbage bags actually grew sharply after plastic grocery bags were banned," she says.

Garbage bags are thick and use more plastic than typical shopping bags. "So about 30 percent of the plastic that was reduced by the ban comes back in the form of thicker garbage bags," Taylor says. On top of that, cities that banned plastic bags saw a surge in the use of paper bags, which she estimates（估计）resulted in about 80 million pounds of extra paper garbage per year.

A bunch of studies find that paper bags are actually worse for the environment. They require cutting down and processing trees, which involves lots of water, toxic chemicals and fuel. While paper is biodegradable(可生物降解的) and avoids some of the problems of plastic, Taylor says, the huge increase of paper means banning plastic shopping bags increases greenhouse gas emissions(排放).

The Danish government recently did a study that took into account environmental impacts（影响）beyond simply greenhouse gas emissions, including water use, damage to ecosystems and air pollution. These factors make cloth bags even worse. They estimate you would have to use an organic cotton bag 20,000 times more than a plastic grocery bag to make using it better for the environment.

1. What is main idea of the passage?

A．Banning plastic bags is gaining popularity worldwide.

B．Banning plastic has great influence on people’s life.

C．Banning plastic increases the use of pager and cloth bags.

D．Banning plastic may harm rather than help the environment.

2. What is the result of banning grocery plastic bags?

A．Plastic bags are no longer needed.

B．People began to reuse their plastic bags.

C．The amount of garbage is even greater.

D．Most of the reduced plastic returns in garbage bags.

3. Why are paper and cloth bags worse for the environment?

A．They are not as biodegradable as plastic bags.

B．It hurts the environment more to make them.

C．They can’t be reused as many times as plastic bags.

D．They are much thicker than plastic bags.

4. What does the underlined word in the fourth paragraph mean?

A．Sharp increase.	B．Fast development.
C．Tight control.	D．Sharp decrease.

8 . Government in Tibet have denied the permanent(永久的) closure of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.

The announcement came after a report went viral online claiming the base camp of the world's highest mountain was “permanently closed due to heavy pollution” and caused a universal misunderstanding.

Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was set up in 1988. Covering an area of more than 33, 800 square km, it is home to one of the world's most weak ecosystems(生态系统).

Kelsang, deputy director of the reserves administration, said ordinary tourists are allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, almost 5,000 meters above sea level. As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters. The mountaineering activities have been permitted by the regional forestry department.

To conserve the environment surrounding Mount Qomolangma, China carried out three major clean-ups at an altitude of 5, 200 meters and above last spring, collecting eight tonnes of household wastes, human wastes and mountaineering trash. This year, the clean-up will continue, and the remains of mountaineering victims(受害者) above 8,000 meters will be centrally dealt   with for the first time. Meanwhile, the number of people who stay at the base camp will be kept under 300.

Recently, there are 85 wildlife protectors in the reserve, and 1,000 herders have part-time jobs going around and cleaning up garbage.

These measures aim to strike a balance between various demands such as environmental protection, local poverty relief, mountaineering and education, said Wang Shen, county chief of Dingri at the mountain foot.

1. Which of the following can replace the underlined words “went viral” in Paragraph 2 ?

A．Spread wild.

B．Block out.

C．Gave away.

D．Shoot up.

2. What can we learn according to Kelsang’s words about the National Nature Reserve?

A．Most tourists are allowed to visit the base camp.

B．Permit is a must for visitors going to the base camp.

C．The mountaineering activities are not allowed these days.

D．The areas above 5,200 meters are open to everyone.

3. Why did the government carry out clean-ups at an altitude of 5, 200 meters and above?

A．To provide a much easier path for mountaineers.

B．To keep mountaineering activities going smooth.

C．To remove the remains of mountaineering victims.

D．To protect the environment of Mount Qomolangma.

4. How many people are involved in the cleaning up activities at present?

A．300

B．1000

C．85

D．1085

10 . We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s Primary School in Chester certainly agree.

Nine-year-old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.“Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference，but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，”she tells HuffPost UK.“We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags and broken down pieces of plastic that are polluting them.”she says.“Fish can eat the plastic and they can die，or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”

Mr Timms，Isobel’s teacher，has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.The entire Hummingbirds class，which is made up of 9 and 10-year-old pupils，has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.

Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us.“We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children.”he says.“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic，and to recycle more，and even stopping them using plastic straws.”

Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class.“The message that they would like to send to the world is simple:stopping this isn’t someone else’s job，and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.”

1. What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?

A．They just pretend to be busy.

B．They haven’t done their part well.

C．They can do nothing to stop pollution.

D．They have started to care about oceans.

2. What is the purpose of the school project?

A．To help adults to learn more about their kids.

B．To remind adults to be friendly to environment.

C．To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.

D．To teach students how to write poems creatively.

3. Why does Mr Timms mention“parents”in Paragraph 4?

A．To prove kids are creative in teaching.

B．To attract people to support his work.

C．To have adults care about education.

D．To show the effects of the project.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．An inspiring school project.

B．An appeal to stop plastic bags.

C．Serious situations of our planet.

D．Adults’ignorance of environment.