1 . During the summer of 2021, I flew to Greece to learn more about the wildfires there. I wanted to hear people’s stories, to understand what it meant to be displaced by environmental disaster.

In a cafe for people surviving the fire, I met brave children who now have to live with terrible scars, physical and emotional. I met a man who could not even speak to me, his eyes filling with tears.

I was expecting to hear a lot about loss; I was not expecting to learn so much about the attribution (归因) of blame. I came to understand how desperately people needed to blame a tangible entity (实体) –a person, a group of people, the government. Indeed, this was understandable and reasonable. The outbreak and mishandling of the fire needed to be explored, looked into and dealt with.

What surprised me, however, was that the survivors were completely silent over any mention of the climate crisis and global heating. It was made clear to me that this subject was unacceptable. Survivors felt that these issues had nothing to do with what they had suffered, and that the people actually responsible needed to pay.

But when it comes to climate breakdown, blame did not come to just one person, one corporation, one country. In Greece, the fire didn’t rage so hard because someone had set off a spark—— it raged so hard because years of global heating had dried up the land, part of a set of unsustainable (不能持续的) practices and inaction that had set our planet on fire. And now the fires are even worse.

The more I spoke to people, including climate scientists, the more I came to see that there is often a gap that separates science from public awareness. In her book “Engaging With Climate Change” Sally Weintrobe says that “many people who accept global warming continue to regard it as a problem of the future”. To my astonishment, this seemed to apply even to people who had themselves been affected directly by wildfires.

1. What did the author hardly expect to learn in Greece?

A．Kids’ scars.	B．Economic loss.
C．Survivors’ blame.	D．Duration of the fire.

2. What did the survivors think of the fire?

A．It was closely related to global heating.

B．They couldn’t accept its massive destruction.

C．The government should be responsible for it.

D．It resulted from someone’s setting fire to the forest.

3. What does Sally Weintrobe say about global warming?

A．Much attention has been given to it.

B．People don’t consider it serious now.

C．Scientists are urged to apply efficient way to it.

D．People should make their opinions about it heard.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To inform readers of wildfires in Greece.

B．To encourage readers to donate to survivors.

C．To equip people with surviving skills in wildfires.

D．To raise people’s awareness about the climate crisis.

3 . 语法填空

On September 3 last year, the city     1     (hit) by severe floods. By 9 pm that day, several temples built hundreds of years ago     2    (destroy). Later it was reported that dozens of people were injured and scores of cars     3     (wash) away by the floods. The government called on everyone to fight the disaster actively and soon the flood     4     (bring) under control.

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What probably happened in Fountain Hills during the winter?

A．It didn’t rain much.

B．All animals died off.

C．Many chemicals were used.

2. Which was a result of the environmental damage?

A．People got sick easily.

B．Black birds were missing.

C．The farmland couldn’t produce food.

3. Why did a lot of bees disappear?

A．They were eaten by birds.

B．They were dying off themselves.

C．They were killed by the government.

4. What do the scientists offer to do?

A．Tell people the importance of bees.

B．Teach farmers how to grow food.

C．Bring bees from the town.

5 . 语法填空

My name is Marly. I'm from an Inuit village in the far north of Canada. Our lives are closely connected     1     the natural world of the Arctic.

Though we live in     2    (regularly) houses, we stay in temporary shelters called "igloos" when we go hunting. Igloos are made of snow or ice. On the one hand, they are quite warm inside and building materials can     3    (find) everywhere. But on the other, they can only be kept for around fifty days.

We get our food from the nearby sea. Eating a lot of fish and meat    4    (keep) our bodies strong so that we can fight the cold. But the downside is that the cold weather makes it difficult     5     us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.

It's    6    (absolute) dark here for three months of the year,     7     is the period called "the polar night". So, life can sometimes be boring! But the good thing is, during that time the elders tell us stories about our people. It gives us more time     8    (stay) with our family and friends.

Nowadays, ships bring tourists to the Arctic. The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job    9    (opportunity). But the disadvantage is that our environment is being polluted.

But one thing is for sure: no matter how things change, our traditions will remain     10     important part of our lives.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China will establish a new batch of national parks, including Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli, in a steady and     1     (order) manner, Guan Zhiou, head of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said on Saturday.

Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures     2     (strengthen) the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, and promote the continuous improvement of ecological functions.

China’s national parks are specific land or sea areas     3     main purpose is to preserve the     4     (national) representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the scientific protection and reasonable use of natural resources.

In 2021, China established the first batch of national parks, with     5     protected land area of 230,000 square km. These parks, including the Sanjiangyuan National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and so on, are home to nearly 30 percent of the key terrestrial (陆生的) wildlife species     6     (find) in the country.

“The Sanjiangyuan park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang     7     (river) and the Tibetan antelope population has recovered to over 70,000. In the Giant Panda National Park, more than 70 percent of wild pandas are     8     good protection,” the official added.

“Efforts     9     (make) to promote high-level protection and facilitate the promulgation (颁布) of the National Park Law,” Guan said,     10     (add) that China will also increase the application of new technologies, build a world-class scientific research monitoring platform, and strengthen national park management capabilities.

7 . The survival of about one fifth of the world’s vertebrates — animals with a backbone — is considered threatened, according to new research published in the journal Science. That’s a large fraction of Earth’s animals, but this new study held some good news too. Conservation efforts by humans have slowed the loss of many species of amphibians (两栖动物), birds, and mammals. Losses in these groups would have been about 20 percent greater had it not been for recent action of protection.

Among the animal­conservation success stories is one about birds called Mauritius kestrels (红隼)．In the 1970s, just four of these birds were left in the world. Through a special breeding program, scientists were able to increase their number to about 1, 000 and release them into the wild.

Humpback whales (座头鲸) have benefited greatly from recent conservation efforts as well. They were once on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) list of species threatened with extinction. But the species is now in less danger, thanks to laws that ban whale hunting. The IUCN even moved the humpback into “species of the least concern”．

Over the past 100 years, the white rhino (犀牛) of South Africa has also made an amazing recovery because of habitat protection. The breed multiplied from just 50 animals to about 17, 000. Their home has been turned into a protected area, safe from poachers (people who hunt animals illegally) and other threats.

Stuart Butchart, one of the authors of the new study in Science, is encouraged by the positive effects of conservation. But he says, “Biodiversity (生物多样化) of species is in a frightening state. Its situation is getting worse. But our results show we can turn the situation around.”

New conservation policies hopefully are on the way. One hundred ninety­three countries recently met in Japan at the Convention on Biological Diversity to set goals for preserving threatened wildlife and their habitats. Only 1 percent of ocean and 12 percent of land areas were protected under earlier agreements. Two new goals set by the group are to designate (指定) 10 percent of the world’s ocean and 17 percent of land environments as protected areas to help increase endangered­animal population.

1. Which of the following is not mentioned in people’s conservation efforts?

A．Habitat protection.

B．Breeding programs.

C．Laws of banning whale hunting.

D．Creation of studying organizations.

2. The author uses some successful animal ­conservation examples to show that ________．

A．conservation works

B．man conquers nature

C．animals are more important

D．law is fair

3. The purpose of the new goals set by the Convention on Biological Diversity is to ________．

A．protect ocean habitats

B．build land environments

C．increase the population of endangered animals

D．control animal population

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Though there was a special breeding program, the number of Mauritius kestrels didn’t increase.

B．Conservation efforts should not only be made by human beings.

C．Humpback whales are not on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s list now.

D．Because many groups are working to protect wildlife, natural habitats are in good condition.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s counties,     1     (locate) in the TAR’s remote Chang Tang region. These surveys showed     2     previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. Next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with Tibet Forestry Bureau staff,     3     (result) in an additional new conflict and sighting location records. This new location information, together with records provided by other observers,     4     (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution (分布) map.

This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region,     5     remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. New knowledge on snow leopard in the Chang Tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest Tibet. Nevertheless, much field work will also be required     6     (describe) snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang.

Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects     7     (make) the Chang Tang more accessible. This has led to a     8     (great) increased number of tourists visiting western Tibet, Mt. Kailash and Lake Manasarovar     9     particular. All these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including influencing their movements     10     destroying their habitat.

9 . The amount of sea ice surrounding Antarctica has reached its lowest level since modern records began, for the second year in a row. Sea ice is frozen seawater that floats on the ocean’s surface around the planet’s polar regions. It forms at much lower sustained temperatures than freshwater ice does, at around-1.8 degrees Celsius. Sea ice builds up during the winter until it reaches its maximum extent, and then melts (融化) away in the spring and summer until it reaches its minimum extent.

In Antarctica, where summer and winter are relative to the Northern Hemisphere, sea ice normally reaches its maximum extent in September when sea ice covers around 7 million square miles. At its minimum extent at the end of February, historically only around I million square miles remains. Last year the minimum sea ice extent was less than 772, 000 square miles, the lowest total since scientists began recording sea ice extent with satellites in 1979. On 21 February this year, that number had reduced to just 691, 000 square miles, which is roughly 40 per cent less than the average between 1981 and 2010.

The record-breaking minimum was expected after an extraordinarily hot January which was the seventh-warmest since records began 174 years ago. “By the end of January, we could tell it was only a matter of time until the record was broken,” said Will Hobbs, an Antarctic sea ice expert at the University of Tasmania and the Australian Antarctic Program Partnership. Antarctica’s minimum sea ice extent will likely continue to decrease in the coming decades as global temperatures rise as a result of human-caused climate change and more multiyear ice, which acts as a seed for new ice growth, melts away.

Sea ice is crucial for polar predators(捕食性动物) such as penguins in Antarctica and polar bears in the Arctic, which use the ice as a platform for hunting. But the sea ice also helps stabilise ice on Antarctica. “Lower sea ice extent means that ocean waves will pound the coast of the giant ice sheet，further reducing ice shelves around Antarctic,” said Ted Scambos, a senior research scientist at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences.

1. What can we know about sea ice?

A．It can be seen on any ocean’s surface.	B．It forms at about -1.8 ℃.
C．It melts all the year round.	D．There is more sea ice than freshwater ice.

2. What can we infer from the data in Paragraph 2?

A．There are two seasons in Antarctica.

B．Scientists have been recording the change of sea ice.

C．Sea ice in Antarctica has been on decline in the past decades.

D．The ecology in Antarctica needs to be improved.

3. Why will sea ice possibly go on to reduce?

A．The earth becomes warmer.	B．Multiyear ice disappears completely.
C．Ocean waves destroy the giant ice sheet.	D．Human beings occupy Antarctica.

4. What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Human activities have caused global warming

B．Measures should be taken to stop sea ice decreasing

C．Sea ice is significant for polar animals

D．Antarctica’s sea ice reaches its lowest level since records began