1 . Check out our tsunami (海啸) facts and lean some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.
Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.
Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate (撤离) as possible.
When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height.
An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200, 000 people in 14 countries.
In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15, 000 people.
The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.
The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”.
Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.
1. Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon?| A．An earthquake takes place. |
| B．The water marches towards the coast. |
| C．The water near the shore is pulled back. |
| D．The water near the shore is very shallow. |
| A．the earthquake itself |
| B．the lack of warming systems |
| C．the tsunami caused by the earthquake |
| D．the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami |
| A．The word “tsunami” is from British English. |
| B．The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami” |
| C．Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami. |
| D．More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohaku tsunami. |
2 . Chaudhary quietly weaves together lengths of ropes, binding them with grass collected from the riverbank. She skillfully shapes the materials into a jewelry box. Meanwhile, she’s instructing a group of women to work out the materials. The ropes used were once the lifeline for climbers tackling Nepal’s mountains and were then discarded (扔掉). They are now finding new life, transformed by skilled hands into items to sell.
Acharya, working with the cleaning campaign, owns a waste processing business in Kathmandu, also an advocate for sustainable waste management. “Aluminum and other metal waste go through the recycling process, but we found no way to recycle ropes and gas cans,” she says. It struck her that the non-recyclable waste could be reused, but it wasn’t until she met Maya Rai that a solution emerged. Rai, leading Nepal Knotcraft Centre, helped connect Acharya with Chaudhary’s team of craftswomen in hopes of turning the mountain waste into economic opportunity. “While this seems insignificant compared to waste in the mountains, it’s a start. We aim to connect local expertise, mountain waste and local economy,” says Acharya, proudly displaying a mat made from ropes left on Mt. Qomolangma by climbers. Her goal is to ensure that no waste collected from mountains ends up in a landfill again.
Finished crafts are sold at outlets and exhibitions. The craftswomen are paid according to how many items they make and sell. With flexible hours, the project gives women an opportunity to earn money even as they maintain household responsibilities.
Eventually, Acharya hopes to expand the program to involve more women and process more waste. But progress has been slow. “We still have not found a sustainable business plan to make crafts in large quantities, ”she says. Now, she is searching for cooperators to make a model that serves not only the mountain but the communities. “After all, we are trying to craft a sustainable future.”
Each rope turned into a decorative item is a way to help local women earn a living and keep mountains clean.
1. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Chaudhary in paragraph 1?| A．To lead in the topic with her example. |
| B．To spread her environmental consciousness. |
| C．To show her patient instructions to the women. |
| D．To speak highly of her outstanding weaving skills. |
| A．A business involving waste processing. |
| B．A team transforming waste into treasure. |
| C．A campaign advocating sustainable management. |
| D．A solution connecting expertise, waste and economy. |
| A．Selling crafts at outlets can earn more money. |
| B．Removing mountain waste generates a sense of pride. |
| C．Cooperating with local experts helps promote skills. |
| D．Work-life balance can be achieved due to flexible hours. |
| A．Hesitant. | B．Positive. | C．Suspicious. | D．Disapproving. |
1. What did the man do just now?
| A．He took some photos. | B．He did some reading. | C．He shared an article online. |
| A．Seafood will be polluted. |
| B．Ships won’t sail properly. |
| C．The beauty of the ocean will be damaged. |
| A．A reusable bag. | B．A metal straw. | C．A glass bottle. |
| A．Stop buying bottled water. |
| B．Organize beach cleanup events. |
| C．Participate in club activities every month. |
4 . I was driving on the freeway when I noticed heavy clouds roll in. A storm was coming. The rain began beating
Hurricane Katrina struck when I was nine years old. I had worried it would strike us in Houston. It missed us, but other cities were not so lucky. I remembered watching the
The next day, my friends
Suddenly, a phone call brought me back to the present. To my joy, the storm had
| A．creatively | B．lazily | C．merrily | D．heavily |
| A．looked out | B．set out | C．pulled off | D．got off |
| A．warned | B．informed | C．reminded | D．cured |
| A．news | B．disaster | C．game | D．performance |
| A．observing | B．greeting | C．challenging | D．interviewing |
| A．cheap | B．worn | C．fascinating | D．funny |
| A．hugging | B．pressing | C．selling | D．throwing |
| A．left | B．joined | C．asked | D．annoyed |
| A．invent | B．deliver | C．collect | D．produce |
| A．freedom | B．happiness | C．struggle | D．belief |
| A．gathered | B．processed | C．donated | D．spread |
| A．left | B．decorated | C．entered | D．measured |
| A．flew | B．drove | C．marched | D．surfed |
| A．struck | B．passed | C．strengthened | D．approached |
| A．reports | B．clues | C．victims | D．photos |
1. 列举学生的不良行为习惯（迟到、乱扔垃圾、缺失礼仪等）；2. 好习惯的重要性；3. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
6 . Tsunami is a natural disaster, which is a Japanese word that means “sea wave”. A tsunami is a huge sea wave that forms mainly in the Pacific Ocean area. People die and property is destroyed when a tsunami hits land. What causes these dangerous sea waves? Sometimes, tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater. Then, water begins to move up and down from the top of the ocean right down to the bottom. Waves begin to form, and each wave is called a tsunami.
A tsunami is less than one meter high and can move at a speed of almost 800 kilometers per hour while it is far out in the ocean. But the tsunami rises much higher and moves more slowly as it comes closer to land.
The weather bureau (气象局) warns people over the radio and television when a tsunami is heading for land. These warnings have helped save many lives.
1. The Japanese word tsunami means ________.| A．Earthquake | B．sea wave | C．ocean water | D．tornado |
| A．an underwater earthquake | B．heavy rains |
| C．waves hitting land | D．tornado |
| A．picks up more speed | B．becomes far less dangerous |
| C．rises higher and higher | D．rises more quickly |
| A．a tsunami can’t cause lots of trouble |
| B．people can save their lives when a tsunami is coming |
| C．the warning from the weather bureau can help people save their lives |
| D．no one can escape when a tsunami is coming |
7 . Animals being extinct from the Earth is a serious issue. When this happens in order to use their fur or skin for fashion, it is even worse, since it’s not even for a matter of human survival. That’s why a London zoo decided to make a powerful statement at the Siamese crocodile enclosure (鳄鱼围栏).
When visitors come in expecting to see a crocodile, they’re greeted with the handbag instead, making a very effective and powerful point about illegal wildlife trade and the harm it takes on the species involved.
A sign by the enclosure reads, “This bag used to be found swimming in slow-moving rivers and streams across Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Over the last 75 years, more than 80% of Siamese crocodiles have disappeared. Many, like this one, were hunted for their skins as part of the illegal wildlife trade.”.
Native to parts of Southeast Asia, Siamese crocodiles are critically endangered and have become virtually extinct in the wild. Due to hunting as well as habitat loss, they are now absent from nearly 99% of their original range. A huge part of the decline of population is due to humans using their wetland habitat for rice farming, and things only took a turn for the worse when large-scale hunting for their skin for commercial purposes began in the 1950s.
The particular handbag that is on display at the zoo was confiscated at a UK airport, according to Benjamin Tapley, leader of reptiles and amphibians at ZSL London Zoo.
Tapley told The Huffington Post, “We made this exhibit, within ZSL London Zoo’s Reptile House, to draw visitors’ attention to the destructive impact the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) is having on species around the world. At ZSL, we are working globally with governments and local communities to protect wildlife, support law enforcement (执法) that targets illegal trade networks, empower local communities affected by IWT and reduce demand for threatened wildlife.”
1. Why does the sign say this handbag used to swim?| A．It is made of a crocodile’s skin. |
| B．It is made into a crocodile shape. |
| C．It is light enough to float on water. |
| D．It was kept in flowing river at first. |
| A．Wildly hunting of Siamese crocodiles. |
| B．Destruction of Siamese crocodiles’ habitats. |
| C．Commercial value of Siamese crocodiles. |
| D．Causes to make Siamese crocodiles endangered. |
| A．Seized. | B．Sold. | C．Found. | D．Stolen. |
| A．The importance of wildlife protection. |
| B．The crisis endangered animals are facing. |
| C．The purpose to show the handbag. |
| D．The harm IWT caused. |
I was one of the people
9 . Be A Responsible Camper
Being a responsible camper is about more than just respecting your neighbors and observing the boundaries set by campsites.
Leave no trace.
Respect the wildlife. If you’re camping in e popular area with plenty of people around, it’s easy to forget that you’re actually sharing space with wild animal habitats. Sometimes, too much interaction with people can disturb the natural balance and make animals more aggressive or lead to more human-wildlife conflicts. Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife.
Practice fire safety. While this is especially relevant on the west coast of the United States, where wildfire season is most threatening, fire safety should always be a top priority while camping.
| A．Aim for zero waste. |
| B．Keep waterways clean. |
| C．Only build fires in fixed sites or rings. |
| D．And most importantly, remember never to feed wild animals. |
| E．Taking your campsite off the beaten path may sound adventurous. |
| F．Always leave your campsite the same as or better than you found it. |
| G．It’s about having the lowest impact possible on the surrounding environment. |
10 . Thanks to its cold environment, Antarctica (南极洲) remained largely untouched by humans for thousands of years. However, since the 1990s, the last true wilderness on the planet is becoming an increasingly popular destination for tourists. Now, a new study shows that the visitors may be bringing harmful bacteria which could devastate the area’s native bird population.
Researchers believed that the Antarctic creatures were not affected by the danger due to the continent’s extreme weather. However, microbiologist Martà Cerdà-Cuéllar didn’t believe this was true. She and some colleagues decided to examine samples from Antarctic birds for evidence of human bacteria. To ensure the waste was not polluted, the scientists had to collect it from the birds themselves. This was no easy task. If they missed catching a skua at first go, the bird never came close again.
It took the scientists four years, from 2008 to 2011, to collect fecal (粪便) samples of 666 adult birds from 24 local species. The results of their study showed the presence of several types of human bacteria in the bird waste.
“While we should do as much as possible to reduce transmission , it’s hard to believe that we can stop tourism and science at these sites, and so it is hard to believe that humans won’t continue to transmit pathogens (病原体),” said Kyle Elliott.
Experts, including González-Solís, believe the only way to prevent the destruction of the birds, is to introduce stricter regulations or, at least, obey the ones already in place. For example, while the Antarctica Treaty states clearly visitors carry their waste back home to protect the original environment, the regulation is rarely obeyed. Hopefully, officials will take steps to protect the easily injured birds as soon as possible.
1. What does the underlined word “devastate” in Para. 1 mean?| A．Increase. | B．Reduce. | C．Affect. | D．Promote. |
| A．This was not an easy task. | B．This proved their conclusion. |
| C．Their tempers contributed a lot. | D．They found polluted human bacteria. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Difficult. | C．Possible. | D．Delighted. |
| A．Make new strict rules. | B．Take measures as soon as possible. |
| C．Quit the Antarctic Treaty | D．Encourage officials to strengthen cooperation. |
